在数学教学中关注学生的非智力因素

学生通过数学学习活动,把数学书本上的知识结构经老师加工处理后转变为他们的数学认知.在这个过程中,不仅需要原有的数学认知结构、现有思维发展水平、数学能力的直接参与,对数学材料进行加工,而且还需要学习兴趣、动机、情感、意志、性格等方面因素的启动、加强、维持和调节.在初中阶段,学生的智力因素迅速发展,非智力因素逐渐趋于成熟稳定,因此,加强非智力因素的培养,应当引起我们的高度重视.     

初中数学课堂之我见

初中阶段是培养学生的学习方法和认知能力的重要时期,初中数学课堂则是学生学习数学知识的主阵地.随着新课程改革的不断推进和深入,在初中数学课堂教学中,学生学习数学的积极性和主动性,数学学习的过程和方法,教与学的多样性等等理念得到更多的重视.本文将从数学课堂的教学活动来谈谈笔者对初中数学课堂的几点见解.     

"四点创新"在初中数学教学中运用

数学是研究现实世界空间形式和数量关系的一门系统性、逻辑性及相关性较强的学科.新的初中数学大纲强调,学生的数学学习应当是现实的、有意义的、富有挑战性的,要利于学生主动地进行观察、实验、猜测、验证、推理与交流等数学活动.因此,在初中数学教学中,教师必须深入研究教材的知识结构和纵横联系,同时重视对学生发现思维能力的培养.基于这样的新数学教学理念,作者提出了探究-主体参与型教学法,交流-互动型教学法,辨析-应用型教学法和多媒体教学法四点创新,从而达到在教学过程中提高初中生想象力的培养及创新意识的培养.     

高等数学分层教学方法初探

学生的个性和数学水平层次不齐,决定了要进行分层次教学.本文从分析分层次教学的原因,在分层次教学过程中要注意的原则,以及在实施分层次教学过程中的具体实施步骤三个方面来分析探讨高等数学分层次教学的必然性.通过对学生进行合理分类,采取不同的教学计划、教学目标、教学内容,对学生进行分层次教学,让每个学生都能对数学产生兴趣,提高他们的学习积极性,从而全面提高学生的综合素质.     

浅析研究性学习的一种模式——变式教学

变式教学是进行课堂教学的一种有效方法,也是课堂有效性的一种重要表现.让学生抓住问题的本质,以本质为线索,从不同角度、不同层面加以展开,加深本质的理解,带动学生学习,以活跃思维为目的,提高学生学习的主动性.本文就结合自己的教学实践谈谈变式教学在数学课堂中的一些具体运用以及由此引发的思考.     

浅谈培养初中学生学习数学的兴趣

兴趣是最好的老师,学习兴趣是引导初中学生学习入门的金钥匙,兴趣的强弱决定了学生学习质量的高低.兴趣是传授数学知识,提高数学能力,促进学生主动发展的内在因素.老师在数学教学中可以采取丰富多彩的教学形式:如创设生动的学习情境;合理利用教学艺术、教学方法、教学语言、教学手段;巧举应用、巧设疑问;运用多媒体网络技术;语言生动幽默;一题多解、一题巧解;讲述中外数学家的故事等以培养学生学习数学的兴趣.     

数学教学中如何提高课堂效率

在新课改下,如何提高初中数学教学的课堂效率,成为广大初中数学教师最为关心的热门话题.根据实际教学经验,从加强教师自身素质提高、激发学生学习热情和兴趣、突出学生教学主体作用等方面分析了如何提高数学45分钟课堂效率,为广大初中数学同行提供有益参考.     

谈数学教学如何引入新课

如何提高学生对学习教学的兴趣是学生学好数学的关键.文章结合教学案例,探讨了在不同的教学场景下如何通过复习旧课、评讲作业、创设情景、提出问题、运用知识结构等不同的引入新课方法,调动学生的学习兴趣,揭示了引入新课的重要性和引入新课原则.     

谈数学非认知因素的培养

数学学习困难学生是数学素质教育中不可回避的一个问题,己经引起了广泛的关注.影响学生学习活动的原因是多方面的,本文从影响学生学习的心理因素的其中一个方面即非认知因素展开讨论,分析数学学困生的非认知因素的特点,着重对学困生非认知因素的培养途径提出解决的办法,达到转化学困生的目的.     

多媒体技术在数学教学中的应用

现代教育技术的迅猛发展,为教学方式的变革带来了新的机遇.为了适应信息社会对初中数学教学提出的新要求.加快初中数学教学改革步伐,大力推进信息技术在数学教学中的普通应用,本文对现代信息技术在初中数学中的应用进行探讨.以期提高初中数学与现代信息技术整合的实用性,达到优化学习过程和学习资源的目的.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.