稳定剂对ZrO_2质定径水口基质烧成前后相组成和显微结构的影响

以ZrO2质定径水口基质为研究对象,在脱硅锆细粉中添加稳定剂,其中稳定剂的种类和加入量分别为2.8%MgO、2.1%MgO、2.2%MgO+1%Y2O3。借助XRD、SEM和EDS等检测手段,研究了稳定剂对ZrO2质定径水口基质烧成前后相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明,试样经1630℃烧成,各试样立方相含量明显增加,单斜相含量明显减少,原料中稳定剂的种类和加入量的不同使得烧成后各试样立方相和单斜相的变化量也不相同;试样经1630℃烧成,稳定剂MgO与ZrO2形成固溶体,越靠近MgO颗粒的位置Mg2+与Zr4+的替换程度越明显,但稳定剂的扩散固溶远未达到均匀状态;以MgO+Y2O3为稳定剂的试样,烧成后立方相的增加量最多,固溶体的生成量最大,稳定化程度最高,且ZrO2颗粒的尺寸大小均匀,棱角分明,颗粒之间的结合非常紧密。     

木塑复合材料老化性能研究进展

综述国了内外WPC老化性能的研究进展,其中包括WPC老化褪色机理、光稳定剂对WPC老化褪色的影响、WPC老化力学性能变化机理、霉菌对WPC老化性能的影响等7个方面.并对WPC老化性能研究的未来趋势进行了展望.     

FeNiMnO4负温度系数热敏电阻的制备与电性能表征

以乙酸锰、乙酸镍、氯化亚铁和草酸为原料,采用低热固相反应法制备了FeNiMnO4负温度系数热敏电阻,用XRD、SEM、电导率测量和化学分析等手段对其相组成、微结构和电性能进行了表征.结果表明,用低热固相反应法得到的氧化物粉体颗粒均匀细小,用此粉体制备的热敏电阻显微结构均匀,密度达到5.25g/cm3以上,老化系数较小;烧结后的冷却速度对样品的相组成和电阻率有显著的影响,冷却速度加快,NiO相的含量增加,电阻率显著增大.     

羧酸酯稀土对聚氯乙烯的热老化稳定作用研究

用热烘法研究了羧酸酯稀土对聚氯乙烯的热老化稳定作用。利用紫外／可见光谱分析跟踪共轭双键在热老化过程中的变化，比较ＣＥＲＥＳ，有机锡及两者的复合稳定剂的热老化稳定性能，发现ＣＥＲＥＳ与有机锡的稳定性能相当，复合稳定剂具有协同效应。     

热氧老化对尼龙6结晶行为与性能的影响

通过熔融共混法制备了添加稳定剂的稳定化尼龙6和不加稳定剂的尼龙6。采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、X射线衍射(XRD)、动态力学性能(DMA)、红外光谱等方法研究了尼龙6在160℃高温环境中热氧老化不同时间后结晶行为及性能的变化。结果表明,随着热氧老化时间延长,尼龙6的结晶温度、结晶度及拉伸强度呈先上升后下降趋势,冲击韧性下降,储存模量提高;稳定剂的存在提高了尼龙6的结晶温度、结晶度及力学性能保持率,但对其玻璃化转变温度影响不大;热氧老化36h以后,尼龙6以γ晶型为主,稳定化尼龙6以α晶型为主。     

苯并三唑类光稳定剂的合成及在剑麻纤维基复合材料中的应用

通过溶液聚合合成了一种梳状复合型高分子光稳定剂P(HAPBT-co-MTMP-co-OA-co-m PEGA)。采用红外光谱、核磁共振、热重分析对高分子光稳定剂进行了表征,结果表明,高分子光稳定剂的热分解温度明显高于中间体(2',4'-二羟基苯基)-2H-苯并三唑(DHPBZ)的分解温度。将该光稳定剂应用到PP/剑麻纤维(SF)与PE/SF复合材料中能提高其抗紫外老化性能。通过测试复合材料老化前后的拉伸性能、接触角、羰基指数、乙烯基指数、水萃取损失率、热迁移损失率、扫描电镜等研究了光稳定剂的稳定化效果,并与低分子紫外线吸收剂UV-P的应用性能进行对比。结果表明,老化50 d后,添加高分子光稳定剂的PP/SF和PE/SF复合材料拉伸强度保持率分别比其空白复合材料少下降了37.41%和38.17,而添加UVP的PP/SF和PE/SF复合材料的拉伸强度保持率分别比其空白复合材料少下降了12.72%和12.85%。添加高分子光稳定的PP/SF和PE/SF复合材料羰基指数分别增加了0.033和0.018,乙烯基指数分别增加了0.07和0.039,增加幅度均较小;接触角测试结果表明无论是否添加光稳定剂的PP/SF和PE/SF接触角均随老化程度的加深而降低,但添加光稳定剂的复合材料接触角降低幅度明显低于空白复合材料;扫描电镜显示光稳定剂的加入使材料老化后表面裸露出剑麻纤维的表面积相对较小,产生的裂纹也较少;高分子光稳定剂具有优于UV-P的耐热水萃取与耐热迁移性能。     

等离子喷涂碳化硼涂层相组成和电学性能研究

采用大气等离子喷涂,在不同喷涂距离下制备了碳化硼涂层,研究了喷涂距离对碳化硼涂层的显微结构、相组成和电导率的影响．用EDS和XPS分析了涂层的相组成;扫描电镜观察涂层的显微结构;标准四探针法测量涂层的电导率．结果表明,喷涂距离不仅会影响碳化硼涂层的显微结构,而且会改变碳化硼涂层的相组成;等离子喷涂碳化硼涂层的表面电导率随温度的增加而增加,表现出明显的半导体特性;涂层表面电导率同相组成和显微结构密切相关,涂层中B₂O₃相含量越高,气孔率越大,则涂层的电导率越低．     

塑编制品防老化技术

从塑编制品的原料聚乙烯和聚丙烯的老化因素出发,详细分析了每一种老化因素的功能性助剂应对方案,并给出了具有协同效应的防老化助剂组合。分别从紫外光吸收剂、紫外光屏蔽剂、受阻胺光稳定剂、受阻酚抗氧剂、亚磷酸酯抗氧剂等助剂品种中筛选、对比了各种助剂品种和不同的助剂组合对聚丙烯和聚乙烯编织制品的老化性能影响。受阻胺光稳定剂及其复合型产品、复合抗氧剂尤其是具有金属离子螯合作用的高效复合抗氧剂可组成聚烯烃塑编制品的良好防老化体系。提出了受阻胺光稳定剂的耐酸性、紫外光屏蔽剂、紫外光吸收剂、无机粉体在防老化助剂体系中的使用问题。     

新型防腐蚀涂料在高压输电导线上的应用

目前,有关新型防腐蚀涂料在架空导线钢芯铝铰线(ACSR)上的应用研究报道不多。选择W61-3有机硅树脂、919-1改性树脂和HWS-2环氧树脂3类新型工业防腐蚀涂料对ACSR进行涂覆处理,并对其进行110℃耐热老化试验、乙酸盐雾和乙酸盐溶液浸泡试验,研究了涂覆处理前后ACSR试样的形貌、电导率和力学性能等的变化,并分析了影响因素和机理。结果表明:涂有919-1型和HWS-2型涂料的试样增重明显。在110℃耐热老化试验后,涂有919-1型和HWS-2型涂料的试样出现明显的老化现象,而涂有W61-3型涂料的试样变化不明显,3组试样的电导率和抗拉强度均无明显变化。乙酸盐雾试验对3组试样的电导率和抗拉强度影响不大。乙酸盐溶液浸泡后3组试样的电导率和抗拉强度均有所下降,但涂有W61-3型涂料的试样下降较少。W61-3有机硅树脂型涂料的涂覆给ACSR导线提供了更好的耐温性和耐酸性盐溶液侵蚀能力。     

热处理对Al-Cu合金电导率的影响

通过电导率测量、硬度分析和金相组织观察,研究了不同热处理工艺对Al-4.0%Cu(质量分数,下同)合金电导率的影响,分析了析出相、合金硬度和电导率之间的关系。实验结果表明,Al-4.0%Cu合金的电导率主要受基体中Cu固溶度和析出相状态的影响;双级时效处理对电导率和硬度的决定因素主要为二级时效的温度与时间,一级时效后合金的电导率和硬度会随着二级时效发生改变;退火后的Al-4.0%Cu合金于350℃保温24h后,可获得较高的电导率,此时基体中的析出相为细小、弥散的θ相。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.