煤焦油中多环芳烃化合物的分离精制技术

煤焦油中的多环芳烃化合物是重要的化工原料,研究煤焦油深加工技术,对提高煤焦油分离效率和焦油利用率有重要意义。综述了煤焦油中重要芳烃组分联苯、萘、蒽、菲、芴的工业生产方法和实验研究进展,重点介绍了武钢焦化的粗蒽、工业萘的生产工艺、上海宝钢化工的精蒽分离精制工艺以及煤转化与新型炭材料湖北省重点实验室近年在煤焦油深加工方面的研究成果。     

粗蒽加工工艺的研究现状和进展

依据精细化工的发展和炼焦工业的现状，精蒽、精咔唑的供应紧张状况仍将持续。借鉴国外焦油加工工艺，开发符合国情的粗蒽分离新工艺是当条之急。本文主要介绍了粗蒽加工的生产工艺和发展趋势，提出了利用分子工程的研究方法进行了焦油加工基础研究的问题，对减少粗蒽加工成本、合理利用煤焦油资源有一定的启示。     

焦油中精蒽／咔唑提取工艺的评述

介绍了近年来从焦油中提取精蒽和咔唑产品工艺的现状,并对两种常用工艺从工艺方案合理性、技术先进性及经济技术三方面做了较详尽的比较分析和综合评述。提出结晶－蒸馏法是目前提取精蒽／咔唑技术先进、工艺合理、有发展前途的工艺。同时提出了对现有溶剂洗涤法制取精蒽和咔唑工艺状况的改进设想。     

丁二烯装置溶剂精制系统污染源控制及其工艺改进

介绍了丁二烯装置溶剂精制工艺流程,分析了溶剂精制系统中产生的焦油、丁二烯二聚物及废水三大污染源及其危害。制定并实施了工艺改进措施,经过改进排焦工艺、丁二烯二聚物脱除工艺、溶剂精制系统脱水工艺,实现了排焦作业密闭操作、减少了作业过程带来的现场异味污染、消除了焦油池内人工开挖焦油带来的高风险作业、减少了装置废渣生成量、COD排放总量得到了控制,达到了净化溶剂品质、规避环保风险、节约资源、环境友好的生产目标,提高了装置运行质量,同时丁二烯二聚物污染源转化为副产品销售,增加了装置的经济效益。     

从焦油中分离精蒽、咔唑的工艺

介绍了从焦油中分离精蒽、咔唑的工艺,阐述了其工艺流程、主要设备及需注意的问题。与溶剂法工艺相比,本工艺较为先进、成熟,具有产品质量好、操作稳定、环保等优点。     

三万改五万吨焦油系统的运行及改进

三万改五万吨焦油系统的运行及改进张振广（石家庄焦化厂石家庄市０５００３１）我厂焦油精制分厂焦油系统原年处理焦油量３万ｔ，１９９３年改造为５万ｔ。现将该系统运行以来的工艺操作、设备管理及再次改造的一些情况作介绍。１工艺及流程１．１工艺经静置脱水后的焦油...     

粗蒽精制方法述评

综述了各种粗蒽精制方法，比较了其优缺点，特别介绍了乳化液膜法精制粗蒽新工艺及其应用前景。     

碱液萃取法精制竹焦油及GC/MS分析研究

采用碱液萃取法去除竹焦油中碱不溶性物质,制备竹焦油精制液;然后以此替代部分苯酚与甲醛聚合,制备PF(酚醛树脂)胶粘剂。采用正交试验法确定了精制竹焦油的最佳工艺条件,并采用GC/MS(气质联用)法分析其化学组成。研究结果表明:精制竹焦油的最佳工艺条件为萃取时间24 h、碱液浓度15.0%和m(碱液):m(竹焦油)=1.00:1;此时体系的萃取得率为54.09%、萃取液含水率为63.30%、萃取液与甲醛的反应活性为0.31 mol/100 g;精制竹焦油中酮类物质的相对含量从8.53%降至1.22%,其他物质的相对含量从33.40%降至24.30%,而酚类物质的相对含量比竹焦油原液提高了19.51%,并且酚类物质的反应活性优于竹焦油原液。     

乙二醇精制系统工艺优化的探究

优化了乙二醇精制工艺路线,比较了该生产工艺优化前后的优缺点,探讨了优化前后不同工艺在生产过程中存在的问题,并对乙二醇的精制工艺进行了简要介绍。优化后的工艺系统克服了优化前工艺中存在的气阻问题,从而提高了精制乙二醇的处理量和乙二醇精制程度。     

蒸馏与萃取相结合生产多种沥青产品的工艺探讨

简要论述了现有沥青产品及其生产工艺,介绍了一种适合大规模焦油加工的新工艺。该工艺采用蒸馏与萃取相结合的方法,同时生产多种沥青产品,操作灵活,安全可靠,产品品种多、质量好,为大规模焦油加工工程提供新工艺。     

导弹战斗部任务可靠性评估方法分析

为评估技术状态不断变化的导弹战斗部的可靠性，提出了适用于成败型产品的AMSAA模型评估方法和Gompertz模型评估方法。并对某型战斗部研制阶段的试验数据进行了评估，将评估结果与传统评估方法得到的结果进行了比对。结果表明，用二项分布评估方法得到的置信下限小于用超几何分布评估方法得到的置信下限，并且都低于用AMSAA模型评估方法得到的置信下限；用传统评估方法得到的点估计值小于用Gompertz模型评估方法得到的点估计值。着重分析了用不同方法对同一试验数据进行评估时得出不同结果的原因。结果表明，由于考虑了产品的可靠性变化趋势，用AMSAA模型评估方法和Gompertz模型评估方法得出的结果更合理。     

不凝气存在下多组分冷凝计算的热质阻力因子法

该法的特点是总热通量方程内包含一个由实验数据关联的热质阻力因子.计算简便,准确性好于所有的近似法,且能适应于相变多股流换热器的计算.文中还以板翅式换热器垂直冷凝含氢轻烃系统为例进行了关联.     

Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Bestimmung des Gesamtglucosinolatgehaltes von Rapssamen

Comparison of Methods for the Determination of Total Glucosinolate Content in Rapeseed For the determination of the total glucosinolate content in rapeseed samples there are several different methods currently in use in the Federal Republic of Germany. Apart from the official EC-method (GLC), the rapeseed samples were also analysed by national methods (HPLC, glucose, X-ray-fluorescence-spectroscopy) and rapid screening methods (00-DIP-test, miniphotometer-test, reflectometer-test). All these methods have been compared with each other, using samples from last year's harvest. In most cases, the GLC results are lower than those of the national methods or rapid tests.     

Statistics of Brittle Failure in Multiaxial Stress States

Two methods for relating failure statistics for different stress states in brittle materials are compared. Despite the fact that the two methods are based on the same fundamental assumptions on crack distributions, they give apparently very different formulations. In this paper it is shown that the two methods are equivalent, and the apparent ambiguity resulting from having two seemingly different results from the same set of basic assumptions is removed.     

子空间模型辨识方法综述

作为传统线性系统辨识方法的一个有益补充,子空间模型辨识方法（SMI）近年来获得了广泛关注.这类方法综合了系统理论,线性代数和统计学三方面的思想,其特点是直接由输入输出数据辨识系统的状态空间模型,因而非常适合多变量系统辨识.首先介绍了SMI的基本思想, 然后分析了3种基本算法（N4SID、MOESP和CVA）的异同点、算法实现、统计特性和模型稳定性等方面.随后探讨了其他一些SMI算法,包括连续时间系统SMI算法、频域SMI算法、闭环SMI算法和非线性系统SMI算法.为说明SMI方法的特性,通过一个工厂实际例子研究对比了3种SMI基本算法和一种传统辨识算法——预测误差方法（PEM）.最后阐述了理论方面有待进一步研究的主要问题.     

Case studies for selective agglomeration detection in fluidized beds: Application of a new screening methodology

We have recently presented a new methodology for screening different signal analysis methods in combination with signal pre-treatment methods with the goal to effectively identify those combinations that are highly selective towards a specific process change (Bartels et al., Ind. Chem. Eng. Res. 48 (2009) 3158-3166). The main outcome of the methodology is visually represented in an overall result matrix with coloured tiles illustrating a measure for the suitability of each combination of analysis method and signal pre-treatment. Suitable methods can be visually identified very quickly.For the early detection of agglomeration in fluidized beds we illustrate this methodology by four different cases: two cases from a pilot-scale bubbling bed, one from an industrial scale bubbling bed and one case from a lab-scale circulating bed. With the result matrix for each case several suitable methods are identified. The data are also evaluated to identify methods that are more generally applicable for a range of different cases. The suitability of a positively identified method is subsequently analyzed for its temporal response to both agglomeration and other effects. The influence of the different data pre-treatment methods is also addressed.     

Naturally-occurring epoxy acids. III. Methods for their isolation

The adaptation of a wide range of isolation methods to the separation of epoxy components from seed oils has been accomplished. The application of these methods to samples ranging from a few micrograms to 50 g. or more has been considered, and recommendations as to the most suitable methods for specific sample sizes are made. Most of the procedures described are equally suitable for the isolation of hydroxy and other oxy-acids and esters. Some of them, in conjunction with gas-liquid chromatography, provide methods for total analysis of oils containing oxy-acids, which are more accurate and convenient than current analytical methods. Presented at 34th fall meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, New York, October 17–19, 1960. Supported by grants from the Hormel Foundation and the National Institutes of Health (Research Grant No. H-3559).     

氧化法处理含砷饮用水的研究进展

根据砷在水体中的存在形式、性质和毒性,简要介绍了含砷饮用水的几种常规处理方法及其原理、优缺点,重点综述了氧化法的原理及研究进展,并对氧化法在含砷饮用水处理中的应用进行了展望,以期为氧化法在含砷饮用水处理中的应用提供理论依据。     

Estimation of time delay time constant parameters in time,frequency, and laplace domains

Four methods are proposed for estimating the dominant time constant and dead time of a given process from a knowledge of its moments, s-plane, frequency or transient response data. The methods are faster and simpler and, in terms of accuracy and reliabiltiy, are comparable to the time domain least squares procedure for parameter estimation. Applications of the methods are illustrated with the aid of a dispersion model. A comparison is also made with other known techniques to demonstrate the superiority of the suggested methods.     

Melting point,solidification, and consistency

Summary There are probably as many methods or variations of methods for melting points, solidification, and consistency as there are producers in the fats and oil industry. I have tried to review the more important ones. The interpretation of results and importance attached to each test will vary widely from producer to producer. My presentation and interpretation have been primarily of methods used by our company and related to the shortening field. In our experience the data obtained from Wiley Melting Points, Penetration Values, and % solids from dilations are the primary controls for the consistency of our products.