COPA/EVOH改性聚甲醛的研究

采用220℃等温热降解、热重分析（TGA）分别研究了复合稳定荆COPA／EVOH在氮气和空气条件下对聚甲醛热稳定性的影响,借助Coats—Redfernd方法对POM／COPA／EVOH体系进行了动力学分析。结果表明,COPA／EVOH能显著提高POM的分解温度,POM／COPA／EVOH体系的热降解符合一级反应规律,以POM／COPA／EVOH48降解活化能最大。     

A10改性聚甲醛热稳定性的研究

通过分子量测定、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)研究了聚甲醛(POM)的热降解机理并根据降解机理采用稳定剂A10对POM进行共混改性。运用热失重(TG)、差动扫描(DSC)、机械力学测试探讨了A10对聚甲醛改性后热稳定性能的影响。研究结果显示:热降解产生新的端基,熔融温度高于200℃时POM大分子链的断裂加快;稳定剂A10改性POM纤维在100℃老化处理250h后纤维断裂强度和断裂伸长保持率分别达95%以上和89%以上;随着稳定剂A10比例增大,热分解活化能增加,聚甲醛的热失重率逐渐降低,热分解温度升高。     

计算机辅助TG法研究聚甲醛热降解

本文借助于电子计算机,用动态热重分析(TG)力学。得出了聚甲醛在空气和氮气中热降解反应级数、同温度下的使用寿命。法研究了聚甲醛(POM)热降解反应的动活化能和频率因子,并估算了聚甲醛在不     

空心玻璃微珠填充改性POM的结构与性能

用空心玻璃微珠填充改性聚甲醛(POM)。研究了玻璃微珠的含量、粒径对POM／玻璃微珠复合体系力学性能、流动性和分散形态等的影响。结果表明,影响复合体系性能的主导因素是玻璃微珠在POM中的分散形态及其与POM间的界面粘结状况。用量一定的小粒径玻璃微珠可在POM中均匀分散,与POM间界面粘接好,可以提高复合体系的性能。     

共聚甲醛的热降解行为及动力学

TGA结果表明三种CPOM(Y—M90、D-90EM和B—M90S)降解特征温度在氮气氛中均比空气氛中高70℃～100℃。这主要是由于在空气氛中聚甲醛的降解行为除了热裂解外,还存在自动氧化降解和氧化降解产物导致的酸解水解等降解方式,在较低的温度下由于空气中氧的作用,降解产物甲醛可被氧化成甲酸进而强化酸解水解作用,使CPOM的降解温度明显降低。用Freeman—Carroll方法研究了CPOM热降解动力学,计算得到的活化能和反应级数等参数在氮气氛中主要适用于350℃～385℃,质量损失区间在主要分解行为阶段(20％～70％);在空气和氮气氛中,D-90EM的n分别为0．36和1．06,差别最大,而Y—M90的n值分别为0．73和0．83,反应机制最为接近;三种CPOM在空气中n值以D-90EM和Y—M90差别最大,分别为0．36和0．73,而在氮气中B—M90S和D-90EM热降解接近一级反应,n值分别为1．08和1．06,降解机制最为相近。     

PET-PTT共聚酯的热及热氧降解行为

由TGA测定了通过先酯化、再缩聚方法合成的PET-PTT共聚酯(以PET,PTT作对照)在一定升温速率下氮气及空气气氛中的热失重行为。采用Friedman和Chang方法研究了样品的降解动力学。研究表明,在氮气和空气气氛中PET-PTT共聚酯的热稳定性都介于PET和PTT之间,且随着PET链段单元含量的增加,共聚酯的热稳定性提高。气氛对聚合物降解行为的影响很大,在空气中PET-PTT共聚酯的起始分解温度下降了近50℃,且在空气气氛中存在两个降解阶段,空气中的氧在降解的第一阶段起了催化剂的作用。     

聚苯硫醚砜的热老化

采用热分析的方法对高性能材料聚苯硫醚砜(PPSS)在氮气气氛和空气气氛中的热老化寿命进行了研究。通过Kissinger方法分别求得材料在氮气中的活化能为E=214．24kJ／mol,在空气中的活化能E=258．64kJ／mol,由Coats—Redfern法确定了材料在氮气和空气中热分解的第一个阶段都为一级反应,并根据Dakin提出的经验关系式作出老化寿命曲线,由此得出聚苯硫醚砜(PPSS)在氮气气氛和空气气氛中使用十年的上限温度为254℃和388℃。     

微型注塑加工条件下聚甲醛/尼龙11/碳纳米管复合材料的结晶形貌及充填行为

文中将与聚甲醛(POM)加工温度接近的工程塑料尼龙11(PA11)引入POM/碳纳米管(CNTs)体系制备POM/PA11/CNTs三元复合材料,研究相应微型注塑和常规注塑样品中PA11、CNTs等分散相的形貌结构及不同微型注塑加工条件下的结晶熔融行为和充填行为。扫描电子显微镜分析表明,常规样品中PA11呈椭球状无规分散于POM基体树脂中,而在微型样品中PA11呈现多层次结构,在皮层和剪切层区域PA11形成纤状结构并沿熔体流动方向取向,在芯层区域的成纤及取向程度则明显减弱。此外,无论对微型样品还是常规样品,大多数CNTs均选择性分散于PA11分散相中。差示扫描量热分析结果表明,PA11的加入抑制了POM的结晶,随注射速度和模具温度的升高,POM的熔融峰向高温方向移动。最后,利用微型注塑机获得的在线数据研究了三元复合体系在微型模腔中的充填行为。     

氯磺化聚乙烯的热行为和热降解过程

用TG、DTG和DSC研究了氯磺化聚乙烯(CSM)的热行为和热降解过程。结果表明:CSM的热降解温度和失重50％的温度均随升温速率升高而增高;在氮气氛和空气中,CSM分别为三步和四步降解。     

氯磺化聚乙烯在不同气氛中的热降解行为

利用热重分析仪（TGA）研究了氯磺化聚乙烯（CSM）在氮气和空气中的热降解行为,探讨了气氛对CSM热降解的影响。研究表明,CSM的热分解过程分为两个失重平台,随着升温速率的升高,聚合物的分解温度逐渐升高。分别用Kissinger和Flynn-Wal-lOzawa方法对CSM中第一个失重平台（磺酰氯基团）的降解行为进行了...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.