新型固载膜的微观结构及汽油脱硫性能研究

随着汽车尾气排放所造成的大气污染日益严重,清洁汽油已成为世界范围的关注热点.汽油中的含硫化合物,不但燃烧后生成SOx导致酸雨形成,还会毒化汽车尾气催化转化器,因此,如何有效降低汽油中的硫含量,成为生产清洁燃料汽油的关键.本论文通过在乙基纤维素基体中固载C60制备固载膜,进而用于渗透汽化汽油脱硫.研究C60与不同汽油组分...     

FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺研究进展

为了应对日趋严峻的环境问题,对汽油硫含量的要求越来越严格,而加氢脱硫技术是目前降低汽油硫含量最切实可行和最为有效的手段.综述了国内外有关FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺的研究进展.现有的FCC汽油加氢脱硫工艺主要有两条技术路线:一是深度加氢脱硫后再恢复辛烷值(如Oct-Gain和Isal);二是选择性加氢脱硫(如Prime-C+...     

汽油深度脱硫的技术进展

介绍了加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫2种汽油脱硫技术。综述了近年来汽油深度脱硫机理方面的研究和技术进展。     

FCC汽油选择性加氢反应动力学研究进展

当前各国环保法规中对汽油中硫含量的限制越来越严格.加氢脱硫是实现汽油低硫化的重要途径,动力学的研究受到了研究者的广泛关注.介绍了目前国内有关加氢脱硫动力学的研究进展,展望了关于汽油选择性加氢脱硫动力学研究的方向和面临的挑战.     

汽油深度脱硫的技术进展

介绍了加氢脱硫和非加氢脱硫2种汽油脱硫技术。综述了近年来汽油深度脱硫机理方面的研究和技术进展。     

催化裂化汽油脱硫技术进展

随着环保法规的日益严格,对汽油的质量要求越来越高,全世界都在为降低汽油硫含量而不懈努力。降低汽油硫含量是改善空气质量的有效手段。脱硫技术已经成为各炼油企业的关键技术。汽油中的硫化合物主要来自FCC(流化催化裂化)汽油,因此FCC汽油脱硫技术的研究与开发具有重要意义。目前,减少FCC汽油硫含量的技术主要有：FCC原料油加氢脱硫、FCC汽油加氢脱硫、溶剂萃取脱硫、催化裂化脱硫、氧化脱硫、生物脱硫和吸附脱硫等。笔者综述了国内外FCC汽油脱硫技术进展。     

国内外FCC汽油脱硫技术进展

近年来,各国环境保护法规对汽油硫含量的限制越来越严格。介绍了国内外FCC汽油脱硫技术的发展概况,详细阐述了各种脱硫技术的工艺流程,总结了其优点和不足,提出了生产清洁汽油的一种解决方案。     

大力发展加氢技术满足油品质量升级要求

从2005年起,新的汽柴油质量标准在世界主要国家和地区全面实施。其中燃料油质量标准提高的一个重要标志是硫含量被严格限制,燃料油无硫化已成为一种趋势。加氢脱硫是炼厂普遍采用的燃料油脱硫技术。同前国内加氢技术发展迅速,可为炼厂提供各种量身定做的清洁燃料生产技术。     

渗透汽化法汽油脱硫用热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜的制备及其性能

以自制聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinyl fluoride,PVDF)膜为底膜,制备热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(thermoplastic polyurethane,TPU)平板膜,将其应用于渗透汽化汽油脱硫。采用扫描电镜等表征TPU膜的表面性能。对TPU膜进行渗透汽化性能评价,研究结果表明TPU膜的较佳制备工艺条件为:固含量9.1%,成膜温度40℃,刮膜厚度300μm,底膜PVDF;渗透汽化脱硫的较佳工艺条件为:操作温度80℃,渗透侧压力30~80 Pa,进料流量90 m L×min~(-1),此时测得膜通量达到5.49kg×m~(-2)×h~(-1),硫富集因子3.53。热塑性聚氨酯弹性体膜可以同时达到较大的通量和较高的硫富集因子,在渗透汽化汽油脱硫的工业化过程中具有很大的潜力。     

FCC汽油脱硫工艺技术研究进展

针对汽油"无硫化"发展的必然趋势,脱硫技术得到了日新月异的发展。首先概述国内外主要脱硫技术的研究进展,包括加氢脱硫技术和非加氢脱硫技术,并阐述了各工艺技术的流程及特点,最后对FCC汽油脱硫技术的发展进行了展望。     

硅橡胶复合膜渗透汽化分离硫/汽油混合物

Worldwide environment has resulted in a limit on the sulfur content of gasoline. It is urgent to investigate the desulfurization of gasoline. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/polyetherimide (PEI) composite membranes were prepared by casting a PDMS solution onto porous PEI substrates and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The membranes were used for sulfur removal from gasoline by pervaporation. The effects of feed temperature, sulfur content in the feed and PDMS layer thickness on membrane performance were investigated, and an activation energy of permeation was obtained. Experimental results indicated that higher feed temperature yielded higher total flux and lower sulfur enrichment factor. The total flux varied little with the increase of sulfur content in the feed, but the sulfur enrichment factor first increased with the amount of thiophene added into the gasoline, and then the variation was little. The increase of PDMS layer thickness resulted in a smaller flux but a larger sulfur enrichment factor. The result indicates that the PDMS/PEI composite membranes are promising for desulfurization by pervaporation.     

A review on removal of sulfur components from gasoline by pervaporation

Desulfurization of gasoline has gained growing importance because of tighter limits of less than 10 ppm sulfur in gasoline in recent regulations. On the other hand, preserving octane rating in gasoline is the most concern subject of the manufacturers. This review focuses on the desulfurization of gasoline by means of pervaporation (PV) process. The process as a new technology has drawn increasing attention and provided an efficient approach for eco-friend sulfur removal in petrochemical industries due to its high selectivity, feasible economics, and safety. Theoretical aspects in selection of materials for the applied membranes and their modifications are investigated. The various parameters including the type and concentrations of sulfur and hydrocarbon species, feed temperature, feed flow rate, and permeate pressure, which influence the performance of PV are discussed.     

荆门石化生产国家新标准汽油技术进展

我国车用汽油标准再度升级,将车用汽油硫含量标准由0.08%降至0.05%,2005年7月1日已经在全国范围内强制执行.荆门石化的目标是以较小成本生产出符合国家新标准的清洁汽油,为此在原料优化选择、工艺路线、装置改造,工艺流程等方面进行了优化,并实施了一系列降硫技术措施,2005年7月1日之前,已生产出5万t符合国家新标准的清洁汽油,取得了历史性的新进展.     

Pervaporation separation of n‐heptane/organosulfur mixtures with PDMS membrane: Experimental and modelling

In this paper, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) pervaporation membrane was employed to simulate the desulfurization process of gasoline where n‐heptane was selected to stand for gasoline. A modified solution–diffusion model is proposed to account for the mass transport of penetrants in the polymer membrane. In the model, the group contribution method (the UNIFAC‐ZM model) is applied to calculate the activity of penetrants in the polymer membrane, and the free volume theory with some modifications is employed to describe the diffusion behaviour of the penetrants. The effects of operating temperature and feed concentration on pervaporation properties were investigated to validate the model. It has been shown that the results predicted by the solution–diffusion model are in good agreement with the experimental values.     

催化裂化汽油质量升级方案选择

针对国内某炼厂催化裂化汽油质量升级需要,对比了降低催化汽油烯烃含量和硫含量的工艺技术,最终选用了CDTECH公司的催化蒸馏技术,该技术包含CDHydro、CDEthers、CDHDS和ISOMPLUS工艺,通过轻汽油醚化,部分中汽油重整,重汽油选择性加氢脱硫,降低了催化汽油烯烃和硫含量,提高了辛烷值,满足了全厂生产国IV标准汽油要求。     

OCT-ME技术生产“无硫汽油”工业应用

为了满足在辛烷值损失较小的情况下生产"无硫汽油",抚顺石油化工研究院开发出了OCT-ME催化汽油选择性加氢脱硫技术。2012年,首套OCT-ME装置在中国石化湛江东兴石油化工有限公司成功工业应用,标定结果表明OCT-ME技术将FCC汽油硫质量分数由平均466μg/g降低到9.7μg/g,RON损失1.8个单位,表明OCT-ME技术能够满足我国炼厂生产"无硫汽油"的需要。     

芳烃/脂肪烃渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展

芳烃/脂肪烃分离是石油化工中重要的分离过程,渗透汽化膜分离技术是现有高能耗芳烃/脂肪烃分离过程的潜在技术。以调整石脑油的芳烃含量,生产“低苯汽油”或低芳烃含量的优质乙烯裂解原料为背景,论述了芳烃/脂肪烃混合物的渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展。     

FCC汽油烷基化脱硫技术进展

介绍了FCC汽油烷基化脱硫技术,主要包括FCC汽油中含硫化合物的特点,烷基化脱硫机理,烷基化脱硫工艺和催化剂研究情况。     

Pervaporation and Vapor Permeation Tutorial: Membrane Processes for the Selective Separation of Liquid and Vapor Mixtures

Pervaporation and vapor permeation are membrane-based processes proposed as alternatives to conventional separation technologies. Applications range from organic solvent removal from water, ethanol, or butanol recovery from fermentation broths, solvent/biofuel dehydration to meet dryness specifications, and organic-organic separations such as the removal of sulfur compounds from gasoline. Unlike membrane filtration processes, which rely on an applied liquid pressure gradient and size sieving to accomplish a separation, pervaporation and vapor permeation separate compounds based on a chemical activity driving force and the sorption and diffusion of the compounds through the membrane. These properties enable the separation of even miscible liquid mixtures.