30CrMnSiA钢封头QPQ处理后的组织和性能

对30CrMnSiA钢封头进行了QPQ处理,并对其组织和性能进行了研究。结果表明:经QPQ处理后,封头基体硬度及力学性能变化不大;渗层深度约为200μm,表面硬度达到840 HV0. 1;表层组织为Fe_3O_4氧化膜和Fe_(2-3)CN或Fe_3CN组织,心部组织为回火索氏体;封头中性盐雾腐蚀时间达到200 h。     

镀锌和QPQ处理销轴摩擦磨损行为对比

表面处理是提高机械零部件耐磨性能和使用寿命的有效方法。针对某型号石油装备产品机械手抓手上使用的40Cr钢销轴,对表面分别采用镀锌处理和盐浴复合处理(Quench-polish-quench,QPQ),对比研究基体材料及两种不同表面处理后试样的球-平板往复干摩擦磨损行为,并对摩擦过程中产生的声发射信号进行记录和分析。试验结果表明,QPQ处理后表面硬度显著提高,深度方向的硬度分布满足设计要求,有效硬化层深度为0.3 mm。各试样基体均为细小均匀的回火索氏体组织,镀锌试样表面镀层厚度25μm,QPQ处理的试样表面形成了氧化层+化合物层+扩散层组织。两者摩擦因数曲线变化规律有一定差别,先上升后下降,随后达到稳定值。镀锌试样摩擦因数更高,最大达到0.50,随后逐步稳定于0.36;而QPQ试样最高仅为0.18,并迅速达到稳定阶段至0.16。同时,镀锌试样摩擦曲线上的微小波动更明显,摩擦过程不稳定程度更大。镀锌试样表面磨痕的最大深度比QPQ试样稍小,但最大宽度更大,磨损体积更大。声发射信号事件计数与摩擦因数之间存在相同的变化规律,即摩擦因数越高,声发射信号事件计数越多,信号数量与摩擦磨损的各阶段存在对应关系。相对来说,镀锌试样的声发射信号事件计数更多,信号能量也更大。     

不同热处理条件对45钢组织及力学性能的研究

以45钢为对象,研究在不同温度正火和回火处理后组织与力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,试验钢经回火后得到的回火索氏体组织由等轴铁素体与粒状渗碳体构成,而经正火后的正火索氏体组织由铁素体与细片状的珠光体构成,回火索氏体的强度与塑性均强于正火索氏体。     

中频感应淬火及回火对45Mn钢组织和硬度影响

本文研究中频感应淬火及回火对45Mn钢棒组织和硬度的影响。研究表明:45Mn钢经过中频感应淬火后,从表面到心部分别为淬硬区、过渡区和热影响区,淬硬区为细密均匀的针状马氏体,过渡区为淬火马氏体+屈氏体,热影响区为屈氏体+珠光体。中频感应回火后,淬硬区为回火索氏体,过渡区为回火索氏体+珠光,心部热影响区为索氏体+珠光体以及沿晶界分布的网状铁素体。870℃淬火时淬硬区宽度为8.7 mm,过渡区宽度为6.2 mm,经550℃回火后淬硬区与过渡区宽度变化不明显。     

HRB400钢筋穿水工艺及其对组织和性能的影响

对HRB400钢筋进行了穿水工艺、金相组织、化学成分以及力学性能等方面的分析.结果表明:穿水后钢筋表面金相组织为表层回火索氏体(S),过渡区为F+P+B+回火S,心部F+P,试验钢筋穿水后抗拉强度和屈服强度分别提高84MPa和38MPa,伸长率下降较小.通过穿水工艺可以降低合金元素含量,或用HRB400方坯生产HRB500钢筋,增加经济效益.     

工程机械常用销轴磨损失效分析

某工程机械用销轴的制备工艺为调质处理＋表面镀硬铬,其工作时需承受较高的载荷及一定的冲击,实际使用中约300 h发生了磨损失效。通过金相观察、硬度测试、扫描电镜表面形貌分析及能谱成分分析等检测方法对失效销轴的磨损原因进行分析。结果表明,该销轴磨损失效的主要原因是其表面镀铬层与基体的硬度差异较大,在高应力与冲击荷载的作用下,镀铬层发生了脆性剥落。可选用表面淬火、表面渗碳等工艺代替表面镀硬铬,提高销轴表面硬度的同时消除其径向性能的突变,提升销轴的使用寿命。     

调质态SA320-L43钢的力学性能和显微组织研究

对含0.41%C、0.79%Cr、1.79%Ni、0.28%Mo(质量分数)、尺寸为?150 mm×200 mm的SA320-L43钢锻坯进行了850℃保温3.5 h油淬然后于590℃回火6 h空冷的调质处理。随后检测了锻坯表面以下5 mm、1/2半径处和心部的力学性能和显微组织，并通过材料性能模拟软件计算对检测结果进行了验证。结果表明：从锻坯近表面到心部，硬度均为278～295 HV5,强度稍有降低；近表面处的冲击韧度与1/2半径处的基本相同，略高于心部；从锻坯近表面到心部的显微组织均为回火索氏体；采用材料性能模拟软件计算的结果与检测结果比较吻合。     

Q550D低碳贝氏体钢特厚板热处理工艺研究

国内传统的特厚板热处理方式为调质处理,钢板表面为索氏体组织,心部为索氏体、贝氏体组织,可以获得较为理想的强度,但由于特厚板厚度较大,厚度方向组织不均匀,无法获得优良的韧性。采用Q550D低碳贝氏体钢的化学成分设计并采用QLT(淬火+两相区亚温淬火+回火)热处理工艺,引入未溶铁素体相,使钢板获得贝氏体+铁素体的均匀混合组织,在保证强度的基础上进一步提高了韧性,进而获得优良的综合性能。研究了不同单相区淬火温度、两相区亚温淬火温度及回火温度下试样的组织与性能,得出Q550D特厚板最佳的热处理工艺：925℃淬火+830℃两相区亚温淬火+640℃回火。     

42CrMoE制连杆螺栓断裂失效分析

对断裂后的42CrMoE钢制连杆螺栓进行了失效分析,研究了螺栓的冲击功、硬度等力学性能,对其元素组成及含量进行了测定,采用金相显微镜分析其非金属夹杂物含量、显微组织,观察宏观断面形貌,及采用扫描电镜观测断口微观形貌。结果表明,螺栓的硬度及冲击功无明显异常现象,非金属夹杂物含量符合相应国家标准。表层和中层金相组织为回火索氏体、铁素体和下贝氏体,心部金相组织为回火托氏体、回火索氏体、铁素体及下贝氏体,晶粒度均为9~8级;螺栓失效属疲劳断裂,整体显微组织分布不均匀也是导致其断裂的重要原因;     

高强度螺栓断裂原因分析

采用现代分析手段对失效螺栓进行断裂机理研究。结果表明:螺栓失效断裂主要原因是由于淬火过程中,温度不够高以及保温时间不足导致螺栓未淬透,心部组织(网状铁素体+索氏体组织+上贝氏体组织)与外部组织(回火索氏体组织)不一致,外部组织的强度和硬度比心部组织的强度和硬度高。螺栓在受力作用下,心部组织承受能力达不到要求,导致心部开始失效,进而由内向外扩展断裂。最后还提出了相应的改进建议。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.