Al-Cu-Sn合金WAAM堆积体的组织与性能（英文）

Al-Cu合金ZL205A电弧熔丝增材制造(WAAM)堆积体具有良好的综合力学性能,但在增材过程中产生有毒的氧化镉。本研究以Sn替换Cd,通过金相、SEM、EDS、TEM及拉伸试验,考察堆积体的微观组织和力学性能,并与ZL205A合金堆积体进行对比。结果发现,Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体表面平整,呈现出银白色光泽,Sn元素的烧损率为5.9%。WAAM Al-Cu-Sn合金堆积体直接堆积态晶粒细小、均匀,晶粒尺寸约为30μm,小于ZL205A合金堆积体的晶粒尺寸,主要析出相在晶内和晶界上均匀分布。T6热处理后,θ相完全固溶到Al基体中,在晶界上均匀分布着复熔T相和Sn与Al_2Cu的细小共生相,TEM显示晶内弥散分布大量的θ′相。T6热处理后,Al-Cu-Sn合金的力学性能为:抗拉强度493MPa;屈服强度434MPa;延伸率9.5%。该合金在WAAM过程中表现出了优异的性能,具有广泛的应用前景。     

ZL205A电弧熔丝增材制造堆积体的组织与性能

用电弧熔丝增材制造技术(WAAM)进行ZL205A铝合金的堆积实验。通过金相、SEM、EDS及拉伸试验,考察堆积体的微观组织和力学性能等,并与金属型铸造试样进行对比。结果发现,堆积体厚度均匀,表面平整,堆积体中元素B和Cd的烧损率分别达到60%和50%。与金属型铸造铸态试样相比较,WAAM直接堆积态晶粒大小更均匀,晶粒尺寸更小,析出相在晶内和晶界上均匀分布。T6热处理后,θ相完全固溶到Al基体中,在晶界上均匀分布着复熔T相,堆积体T6的力学性能达到抗拉强度500Mpa,屈服强度450Mpa,延伸率10%,均高于金属型铸造试样的水平,且试样在横纵两个方向上力学性能一致。     

高强度铸造铝铜合金微观组织对性能的影响

研究了微观组织对ZL205A系铸造铝铜合金热处理后强度和塑性的影响。结果表明:影响该合金强度和塑性性能的微观组织主要是晶粒尺寸、晶内、晶界沉淀相,弥散析出相和未固溶相。晶界处主要是θ相、N相、初生T相的混合组织,当呈针状或条状时恶化合金性能,当呈半连续的骨骼对合金性能影响较小。晶内细小弥散的二次T相是主要强化相,当T相聚集长大会降低强度。过剩相θ相,当呈大块分布时降低合金塑性,当呈细小均匀分布时对合金性能影响较小。     

反重力铸造对高强度铝合金凝固组织影响的研究

采用反重力铸造方法生产高强度铝合金铸件已成为航空、航天领域内获得优质构件的重要途径。研究了反重力铸造对高强度铝合金ZL114A和ZL205A铸件凝固组织的影响。结果表明,合金的凝固组织存在着不同的位置效应,对于ZL114A合金铸件,冷端晶粒尺寸最小,靠近浇口处晶粒尺寸粗大。对于ZL205A合金铸件,随距浇口处距离的减少,枝晶间分布的网格状θ（Al2Cu）相逐渐由粗变细,α（Al）枝晶内分布的黑色点状T（Al12CuMn2）相逐渐减少。分析表明,在反重力铸造补缩压力相同的情况下,合金的凝固温度范围不同是造成凝固组织不同位置效应的主要原因。     

ZL205A合金T5热处理后的微观组织与力学性能

采用扫描电镜、X射线显微镜对铸态、固溶态以及时效态下ZL205A铝合金显微组织、θ(Al2Cu)相、孔洞及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:3种状态下ZL205A合金均由块状α(Al)固溶体和晶界处θ析出相组成,并伴有不规则孔洞形成。随时效时间延长,α(Al)晶粒尺寸表现出先减小后增大趋势;θ相无显著变化,但数量明显少于铸态;孔洞数量先降低后增加;最终导致拉伸强度和显微硬度先增加而后略有降低趋势。当时效时间为8 h时,α(Al)固溶体晶粒最为细小,此时θ相呈点状和短棒状弥散分布,且孔洞率最低,在细晶强化和弥散强化作用下,亦获得了较佳硬度和拉伸强度。     

添加微量Y对ZL205A合金组织和性能的影响

采用OM、SEM和XRD研究了添加微量稀土元素Y对ZL205A合金的流动性及T6热处理前后的微观组织和力学性能的影响,并检测了合金的流动性。结果表明,当Y质量分数达到0.2%和0.3%时,合金的晶粒细化效果相对较好,随着Y含量的增加,θ相从沿着晶界的网状分布逐渐向局部团聚,合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度降低;微量Y会使ZL205A合金的流动性降低;Y质量分数为0.3%的ZL205A合金在T6处理后,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率均大幅度提高;热处理能够降低合金中的成分偏析并能够改善材料的组织形态,促使合金具有相对较好的综合力学性能;添加微量Y以后,晶界上的难熔化合物Al Cu Y促使晶粒内部的θ相数量减少,是造成合金力学性能降低的重要原因。     

砂型铸造ZL205A合金组织与力学性能的研究

研究了砂型铸造ZL205A合金在铸态和热处理(T6)态下合金的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明：铸态ZL205A合金基体相为α(M)固溶体，枝晶间和晶界上有α(M)、θ(Al2Cu)相和Cd相的共晶组织。晶界处存在θ和T(Sl2CuMn2)相的混合组织。另外，还有少量的灰色块状ZrAl3相、条状Al3Ti相分布在α固溶体上。合金中添加的少量Ti、V、Zr和B等元素，可有效地细化晶粒。T6固溶处理时，θ相和Cd相溶入α固溶体中，二次T相呈弥散小质点析出，组织中还存在片状Al3Ti的偏析物和未完全溶解残留在晶界上的Al2Cu相。合金(T6)抗拉强度随温度的升高呈下降的趋势，合金在不同温度下均为延展性断裂，韧性非常好。     

稀土元素钇对ZL205A合金铸态组织与性能的影响

向ZL205A合金熔体中加入不同含量的稀土元素钇,在同样条件下进行熔炼、浇注。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱及热分析,研究钇对ZL205A合金铸态组织、性能及凝固过程的影响规律。结果表明,钇能使铝-铜合金的铸态组织得到细化并且对第二相θ-Al2Cu相具有变质作用;热分析表明不同含量钇均使得ZL205A合金的共晶温度下降,并缩小其凝固区间。加入少量稀土钇(0.05%)后,合金铸态性能有所提高,继续增加钇含量得到的合金铸态力学性能与原料ZL205A合金力学性能相同,钇含量达到0.3%时,合金晶粒细化效果最好,此时力学性能又有进一步改善。     

钇含量对电弧增材制造2319铝合金组织与性能的影响

以不同钇含量的2319铝合金丝材为原材料,采用基于冷金属过渡的电弧增材制造工艺(wire arc addictive manufacturing,WAAM)制备2319铝合金,研究了钇含量对WAAM 2139铝合金的显微组织及力学性能的影响. 结果表明,添加Y元素可明显细化直接沉积态WAAM 2319铝合金的晶粒,细晶强化及第二相强化作用显著,间接影响了时效过程析出的二次析出相θ′的数量,同时,未对直接沉积态WAAM 2319铝合金中气孔缺陷的大小、分布产生显著影响. 随着钇含量的增加,合金凝固过程含钇化合物在晶粒交汇处偏析程度增大,使得合金成分过冷度减小,导致WAAM 2319铝合金的晶粒尺寸呈现先减小后增大的趋势,抗拉强度和屈服强度呈现出先上升后下降趋势,断后伸长率逐渐下降. 当钇含量为0.15%时,WAAM 2319铝合金表现出最优的力学性能,即抗拉强度484 MPa、屈服强度348 MPa和断后伸长率10.5%.     

晶粒细化工艺对ZL205A合金偏析缺陷的影响

采用金相显微镜(OM)和ProCAST软件,研究了晶粒细化工艺对ZL205A合金偏析缺陷的影响。结果表明,通过优化Al-5Ti-B中间合金添加工艺(两步添加),可增强合金的晶粒细化效果,提高其流动性、力学性能、抗热裂能力以及铸造性能;在凝固末期,ZL205A合金会形成晶间搭桥,加强了晶间结合力,而晶粒细化有利于增大晶粒之间的接触面积,扩大晶间搭桥面积,有效提升晶间的结合力,使合金热裂倾向降低,因此减少ZL205A合金的偏析缺陷。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.