Fatigue of a dual- phase steel

A study has been made of the fatigue of a V containing dual-phase steel, whose tensile strength is equivalent to that of SAE 980X high strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steels, as a function of prestrain. It is found that the cyclic stress-strain curve, strain-life response and notch sensitivity are little affected by pre-strains of up to 8 pct: This is in contrast to monotonie flow strength which increases substantially with prestrain. The fatigue performance of the dual-phase steel, while different in detail from that of other HSLA steels, is intermediate between that for SAE 950X and 980X steels. However, the notch fatigue behavior is equivalent to that of 980X steels. The fatigue response of dual-phase steel can be understood in terms of its high rate of work hardening which is a consequence of its ferrite plus martensite microstructure.     

高强度热轧双相钢的低周疲劳性能

从热轧双相钢的实际应用需求出发,研究了高强度热轧双相钢DP600的低周疲劳性能。采用轴向应变控制方法对DP600钢进行了低周疲劳试验,并对试验数据进行拟合计算,得到DP600钢的循环应力-应变曲线、应变-寿命曲线和过渡疲劳寿命。通过扫描电镜观察疲劳断口,结果显示低周疲劳条件下,DP600钢断裂裂纹起源于试样表面,裂纹扩展前期呈现部分脆性断裂特征,后期则以明显的韧性断裂为主。     

控制冷却对热轧双相钢板组织及性能的影响

利用ＴＨＥＲＭＣＭＡＳＴＯＲ－Ｚ型热加工模拟试验机研究了控制冷却工艺参数对Ｓｉ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｒ钢的显微组织的影响，并在带钢热连轧机上进行了试验，确定了获得铁素体和马氏体的双相组织的最佳生产工艺。生产的双相钢板、其成形性、烘烤硬化性及疲劳性能优良，冲压的汽车零件已装车使用。     

日本研制高强度无取向电工钢的新技术

为了适应新能源汽车——电动车（EV）和混合动力电动汽车（HEV）电机对高性能电工钢板的需求,日本住友金属工业有限公司应用位错强化方法,已经成功研制出一种具有高强度、低铁损的无取向电工钢,主要介绍新产品690～780MPa、0．35mm厚的高强度无取向电工钢的磁性能和力学性能都优于980MPa双相高强度钢,并且成本非常低,因此得到新能源电动车（EV）和混合动力电动汽车（HEV）用高效永磁（IPM）电机铁芯的广泛应用。     

Production of auto-body dual-phase steel with single-step cooling on the output conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill at OAO NLMK

The goal is to produce hot-rolled dual-phase steel of strength class DP 450–600 at OAO Novolipetskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat (NLMK). The steel’s final structure and properties is greatly affected by single-stage strip cooling on the output roller conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill. The influence of the hot-rolling parameters on the structure and mechanical properties of the hot-rolled SPRC440R steel from which cold-rolled dual-phase steel is produced at OAO NLMK is studied in the laboratory. The temperatures and rates for accelerated cooling on the output roller conveyer of the 2000 continuous broad-strip mill at OAO NLMK are calculated by means of a mathematical model. The laboratory data and simulation results are used in developing trial conditions for industrial rolling. Recommendations are made regarding the production of hot-rolled dual-phase steel corresponding to strength class DP 450–600.     

双相碳钢性能与马氏体含量和晶粒大小关系初析

通过四种不同的分步淬火热处理工艺,相应地获得了四种不同组织的双相钢.研究表明,随着马氏体含量的增加,双相钢的最大拉伸强度随之增加,延伸率随着马氏体的增加而降低.试样的铁素体晶粒大小在不同的马氏体范围内对强度和延伸率有不同的影响.     

退火温度和平整对冷轧热镀锌双相钢组织和性能的影响

本文在实验室试制了高强度冷轧热镀锌用双相钢,探讨了不同的退火温度和平整工艺对双相钢力学性能和组织的影响规律.研究表明:退火温度在800℃以上时,试制的低硅C-Mn-Cr系双相钢才能得到由铁素体和马氏体组成的性能优良的双相钢.平整工艺显著提高双相钢的屈服强度和屈强比,降低双相钢的延伸率,平整率小于1%时,有利于工业上得到综合性能良好的双相钢.     

High cycle rotating bending fatigue performance and fracture behavior in a pearlite-ferrite dual-phase steel

To clarify the effects of ferrite morphologies and contents on high-cycle fatigue property of pearlite-ferrite dual-phase(DP)steel used for fabrication of comme...     

Effects of Dual-Phase Region Quenching Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 24CrNiMo Low-Alloy Steel Prepared by Selective Laser Melting

Herein, 24CrNiMo low-alloy steel is successfully prepared using selective laser melting (SLM) technology. Effects of dual-phase region quenching treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM 24CrNiMo low-alloy steel are analyzed. The results show that after three kinds of dual-phase region quenching treatment, different martensite–ferrite dual-phase microstructure of the as-quenched alloy steel is obtained. In the range of austenitizing temperature from 760 to 820 °C, the content and size of the ferrite decrease; on the contrary, the content and size of the martensite increase. Furthermore, with the austenitizing temperature increasing, the morphology of the ferrite gradually changes from acicular ferrite + polygonal ferrite to acicular ferrite, while the lath characteristics of the martensite become more and more obvious. For electron backscatter diffraction results, with increasing the quenching temperature, the crystallographic morphology gradually changes from columnar grains to equiaxed grains; meanwhile, the extreme value of texture strength and the average size of grains are both decreased. When the austenitizing temperature is 820 °C, the microhardness and tensile strength of the as-quenched alloy steel are much higher than that of the as-deposited alloy steel.     

新型扭杆弹簧用高强度马氏体钢疲劳性能研究

摘要：利用旋转弯曲疲劳试验研究新型扭杆弹簧用N1钢和45CrNiMoVA钢的疲劳性能,并通过对2种试验钢组织、硬度、强度、夹杂物类型及大小、疲劳裂纹扩展速率以及氢含量的对比,探讨影响扭杆弹簧用钢旋转弯曲疲劳性能的因素及其疲劳失效机制。结果表明,推荐热处理制度的45CrNiMoVA钢和N1钢旋转弯曲疲劳极限强度分别为892和926MPa,超高强度钢的屈服强度也是衡量疲劳极限强度的因素,N1钢屈服强度高出45CrNiMoVA钢约100MPa,是其疲劳性能优于45CrNiMoVA钢的重要原因。在高应力状态下,N1钢的疲劳寿命明显优于45CrNiMoVA钢的重要原因是N1钢的疲劳裂纹扩展速率低于45CrNiMoVA钢;而在低应力状态下,较高的屈服强度、较低的裂纹扩展速率和氢含量是N1钢疲劳极限高于45CrNiMoVA钢的重要原因。     

Production of high-strength hot-galvanized sheet from dual-phase steel

At OAO Novolipetskii Metallurgicheskii Kombinat, the first stages in introducing the production of high-strength hot-galvanized sheet (strength 450–600 N/mm²) from dual-phase steel have been completed. The manufacture of high-strength hot-galvanized sheet from dual-phase steel is possible on the existing (and aging) continuous hot-galvanization lines. The mechanical properties of the resulting hot-galvanized sheet correspond to the EN 10346 (EN 10336) standard.     

双相沉淀硬化粉冶不锈钢的开发

不锈钢可通过压制与烧结水雾化粉末来制取.粉冶品级的不锈钢有铁素体、奥氏体、马氏体、两相(铁素体+奥氏体)、双相(铁素体+马氏体)以及沉淀硬化(马氏体)等不锈钢.开发双相粉冶不锈钢反映了对较高强度、较高延性与韧性的需求在增长.在本研究中,开发出一种新的低成本粉冶不锈钢,它将双相(铁素体+马氏体)显微结构与沉淀硬化的优点结合在一起.它与其他沉淀硬化合金不同,尽管这种不锈钢在时效后强度与韧性有所提高,但延性与冲击韧度的提高更大.借助组成与显微结构评估了新合金的力学性能.     

邯钢600MPa级冷轧双相钢的连退工艺

通过DIL805-A测定了C-Si-Mn系600MPa级冷轧双相钢的CCT曲线,并在Gleeble 3500上模拟了双相钢的冷轧连退工艺。得出以下结论：双相钢的连退均热温度控制在800～820℃,保温时间不小于2min,缓冷温度控制在650～700℃,快冷结束温度不高于330℃,冷速大于15℃/s。通过EBSD检测、透射电镜检测、力学性能检测,结果显示邯钢生产的C-Si-Mn成分体系600MPa级冷轧双相钢马氏体的体积分数约为18%,{111}面织构强度为5.3,双相钢中马氏体类型为低碳马氏体,通卷屈服强度为344～365MPa,抗拉强度为605～645MPa,伸长率为24.5%～27%。其性能完全能满足汽车厂冲压安全防撞件的要求。     

Fatigue crack formation and propagation behavior of 30Cr3WVE bearing steel

The fatigue characteristics of a high cleanliness bearing steel(30Cr3WVE)produced by double vacuum melting and the effect of non- metallic inclusions on fatigue properties were studied by mechanical analysis and SEM analysis of microstructure and fatigue fracture morphology.The results show that the 30Cr3WVE bearing steel achieves excellent mechanical properties after being quenched at 870?? and tempered at 550??, and its ultimate rotating bending fatigue strength reaches 732MPa.Through observing SEM results of fatigue fracture,the fatigue crack originates from the surface defects and internalnon- metallic inclusions. Surface defects are caused by the abscission of non- metallic inclusions and machining marks. The internal non- metallic inclusions are mainly oxides of Al, Mg, Si and Ca. The influence of inclusions on the ultimate bending fatigue strength of 30Cr3WVE bearing steel is closely related to its size and distance to the surface. The model of influence of the size and distribution of inclusions on the rotating bending fatigue strength of 30Cr3WVE bearing steel is constructed. The rotational bending fatigue strength of the steel can be improved remarkably by controlling the size and quantity of inclusions.     

Mechanical and fatigue properties of self-piercing riveted j oints in high-strength steel and aluminium alloy

Static tensile and fatigue tests were performed on shear and tensile self-piercing riveted aluminium-steel structures to evaluate their mechanical and fatigue properties.The influences of the thickness and the strength of the high-strength steel on mechanical and fatigue performances were investigated based on the tensile and F-N curves of the joints.The results show that mechanical and fatigue properties of the shear self-piercing riveted joints are much better than those of the tensile self-piercing riveted joints.Mechanical and fatigue performances of the two joints were significantly influenced by the thickness and strength of the steel sheet, and were markedly improved when the thickness of steel sheet increased.The steel strength showed significantly different effects on shear and tensile riveted structures, i.e., when the steel strength increased, the strength of the shear structure greatly increased while the tensile structure just had a slight increase in the strength.Fatigue failure generally occurred in the sheet materials and the fa-tigue crack location changed with increasing the sheet thickness and the sheet strength.     

Fatigue crack growth in an as-rolled dual-phase steel

Fatigue crack propagation behaviour of an as-rolled dual-phase steel is investigated over a wide range from 10^?10 to 10^?6 m/cycle in a 3.5% NaCI solution and laboratory air under different load ratios. It was found that the as-rolled dual-phase steel studied in the present investigation shows good resistance to fatigue crack growth in laboratory air. The threshold values decrease with increasing stress ratios, which is consistent with the competition model proposed previously. The threshold value obtained using a 3.5% NaCI solution is higher than that in the laboratory air owing to the wedge effect of corrosion products within the crack. Fatigue crack growth rates in the higher ΔK range obey the Paris formula in each case within this study.     

Enhanced stress corrosion resistance from steels having a dual-phase austenite-martensite microstructure

A high strength steel with an austenite-martensite duplex microstructure has been produced by extruding nickel coated steel powder. The austenite is stable and is present as a continuous network surrounding a high strength martensite. The dual-phase steel exhibits superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking in 3.5 pct NaCl solution, compared with steels of similar strength having conventional microstructures. Also, the effectiveness of the austenite in improving stress corrosion cracking resistance increases as the yield strength increases. The austenite, because of its inherent toughness, reduces the effective stress intensity at the advancing crack tip, and at the same time shields the crack tip from the corrosive environment.     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of a New As-Hot-Rolled High-Strength DP Steel Subjected to Different Cooling Schedules

Controlled rolling followed by accelerated cooling was carried out in-house to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of a low carbon dual-phase steel. The objective of the study described here was to explore the effect of cooling schedule, such as air cooling temperature and coiling temperature, on the final microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase steels. Furthermore, the precipitation behavior and yield ratio are discussed. The study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain tensile strength and elongation of 780 MPa and 22 pct, respectively, at the two cooling schedules investigated. The microstructure consists of 90 pct ferrite and 10 pct martensite when subjected to moderate air cooling and low temperature coiling, such that the yield ratio is a low 0.69. The microstructure consists of 75 pct ferrite and 25 pct granular bainite with a high yield ratio of 0.84 when the steel is directly cooled to the coiling temperature. Compared to the conventional dual-phase steels, the high yield strength is attributed to precipitation hardening induced by nanoscale TiC particles and solid solution strengthening by high Si content. The interphase precipitates form at a suitable ledge mobility, and the row spacing changes with the rate of ferrite transformation. There are different orientations of the rows in the same grain because of the different growth directions of the ferrite grain boundaries, and the interface of the two colonies is devoid of precipitates because of the competitive mechanisms of the two orientations.     

Effect of Intercritical Annealing Time on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dual-Phase Steel Processed by Large-Strain Asymmetric Cold-Rolling

Herein, the effect of intercritical annealing time on the microstructure and mechanical properties of dual-phase steel processed by large-strain asymmetric cold-rolling is studied. It is observed that the martensite islands are uniformly distributed in the ferrite phase in the microstructures of dual-phase steels due to performing the asymmetric cold-rolling before intercritical annealing treatment. As the intercritical annealing time increases up to 10 min, the fraction of martensite increases. By increasing the holding time and fraction of martensite, the carbon content of the martensite phase is decreased. The short-term intercritical annealing eliminates the yield point phenomenon. However, intercritical annealing at 860 °C for 20 min leads to the reoccurrence of a yield point phenomenon. Increasing the intercritical annealing time to 10 min improves the yield strength to 505 MPa and ultimate tensile strength to 834 MPa. However, the strength decreases sharply after the holding time of 20 min. There is a perfect linear relationship between the mechanical properties and the fraction of martensite. Ductile failure is observed at the center of the fracture surfaces of dual-phase steels while shear failure occurs at the edges of the fracture surfaces.