几种常用燃速催化剂对GAP基ETPE热分解的影响

采用热重(TG)和差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了三氧化二铁(Fe_2O_3)、氧化铜(CuO)、亚铬酸铜(Cr_2Cu_2O_5)、碳酸铅(PbCO_3)、3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮(NTO)铅盐(NP)、柠檬酸铅(C_6H_5O_7Pb)、炭黑(CB)对聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)基含能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(ETPE)热分解性能的影响。结果表明:几种燃速催化剂主要对GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团热分解产生较大影响。其中,CuO和Cr_2Cu_2O_5使GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团分解峰温分别提前了21.9,13.6℃,Fe_2O_3、PbCO_3、C_6H_5O_7Pb、NP和CB使GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团分解峰温分别滞后了1.7,2.6,1.6,1.0,1.1℃;CuO、Cr_2Cu_2O_5、C_6H_5O_7Pb、CB使GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团表观分解热分别增加75.5,84,43.4,103.1J·g~(-1),Fe_2O_3、PbCO_3和NP使GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团表观分解热分别降低137.9,58.8,47.3J·g~(-1)。综合比较认为,CuO和Cr_2Cu_2O_5使GAP基ETPE中叠氮基团分解峰温提前,表观分解热增加,是催化GAP基ETPE热分解理想的燃速催化剂。     

NGO/NC复合含能材料的制备及热分解性能

为了提高硝化纤维素(NC)的热分解性能,以硝化石墨烯(NGO)作为含能燃烧催化剂与NC进行复合,制备了NGO/NC复合含能材料。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分别研究了NGO/NC复合含能材料的结构和形貌,采用同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)研究了NGO对NC热分解的催化性能。结果表明,当NGO的添加量为1%时,NC的结构不会明显改变,NGO/NC复合含能材料为多孔的三维网络状,且NC的表观分解热由339 J·g~(-1)增加至2132 J·g~(-1),放热峰温度由201℃提高至213℃,质量损失为96%,表明NGO的加入提高了热稳定性,增加了表观放热量。     

碳纳米管对AP/CMDB推进剂燃烧性能和力学性能的影响

为了改善溶剂压伸法制备的高氯酸铵/复合改性双基(AP/CMDB)推进剂的燃烧性能和力学性能,采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)对AP/CMDB推进剂主要组分热分解性能及AP/CMDB推进剂微观结构的影响,测试了含质量分数为0.1%、0.3%和0.5%CNTs的AP/CMDB推进剂的燃速和抗冲强度。结果表明,CNTs可以有效催化AP的热分解,使AP低温分解峰消失,高温分解峰温提前39.9℃,但对NC/NG双基组分的热分解影响不大;CNTs可以改善AP/CMDB推进剂的微观结构,添加0.5%CNTs的推进剂中无明显微裂纹;CNTs可以有效改善AP/CMDB推进剂的燃烧性能和力学性能,随着CNTs含量的增加,推进剂的燃速提高、压强指数降低,推进剂的抗冲强度增大;添加0.5%CNTs的AP/CMDB推进剂10 MPa下燃速为61.19 mm·s~(-1),10~22 MPa压强指数为0.51,-40℃下的抗冲强度为5.55 kJ·m~(-2)。     

纳米Ｃu/CNＴs对AP/HTPB推进剂热分解与燃烧的催化研究

以碳纳米管为载体,采用液相还原沉积法制备了纳米Cu/CNTs复合催化剂,并用SEM、XRD和XPS对其结构和成分进行了表征。研究了纳米Cu/CNTs对AP/HTPB推进剂热分解和燃烧过程的催化作用,结果表明：纳米Cu/CNTs能显著降低AP] HTPB推进剂的热分解峰温,并使总表观分解热明显增大,且对AP/HTPB推进剂燃烧有良好的催化效果,能显著提高推进剂的燃速,降低压强指数。初步探讨了纳米Cu／CNTs催化AP] HTPB推进剂热分解和燃烧过程的作用机理。     

RDX基复合含能微球的制备及表征

以硝化棉(NC)为粘结剂、黑索今(RDX)为主体炸药,采用喷雾干燥法制备了RDX/NC超细复合含能微球,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)对其进行了表征及热分析,并与RDX原料进行了对比;对喷雾干燥法细化的RDX/NC和RDX、水悬浮法包覆的RDX/NC、溶剂非溶剂法细化的RDX、RDX原料的撞击感度分别进行了测试。结果表明,RDX/NC复合含能粒子与RDX原料相比,形貌从块状变为球形,粒径从50~200μm减小至0.5~7μm,晶型无变化,但X射线衍射峰明显弱化,活化能从200.11kJ·mol-1降至186.87kJ·mol-1,热爆炸临界温度从504.98K升至507.70K。喷雾干燥细化、球形化和复合的RDX/NC球形粒子的撞击感度降低显著。     

碳纳米管在AP热分解中的助催化性能

分别用溶液还原法和化学气相沉淀法制备了纳米Cu粉和Cu/CNTs（碳纳米管）复合催化剂粒子,并用TEM、SEM、XRD、FT-IR对其进行了表征;用DTA研究了纳米Cu粉和Cu/CNTs复合催化剂粒子对AP热分解的催化作用.结果表明,纳米Cu粉使AP热分解的高温分解峰温降低130.2 ℃,低温分解峰温降低了35.1 ℃,而纳米Cu/CNTs复合催化剂粒子使AP热分解的高温分解峰温降低126.3 ℃,且与低温分解峰重叠,证明碳纳米管促进了纳米Cu粉对AP热分解的催化.     

CNTs/KCIO4复合材料的形貌特征及热行为

为有效避免点火药中纳米级氧化剂颗粒的团聚,进一步提高点传火稳定性,通过NH4CIO4溶液和KOH溶液的复分解反应制备了碳纳米管/高氯酸钾( CNTs/KCIO4)复合材料.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差热分析(DSC)和比表面积(SSA)分析研究了CNTs/KCIO4复合材料的形貌特征及热行为.结果表明:用这种方法制备的KCIO4能有效涂敷在碳纳米管上.与纯CNTs相比,负载KCIO4的碳纳米管管径明显增粗,CNTs/KCIO4复合材料的比表面积降低了40.719 m2·g-1.与KCIO4相比,CNTs/KCIO4复合材料的热分解温度前移了75℃,晶型转变峰温前移了5℃.与以KCIO4为原料制备的Mo/KCIO4点火药相比,以CNTs/KCIO4复合材料为原料制备的Mo/KCIO4点火药的热导率提高了33.9％.     

CNTs/KClO4复合材料的形貌特征及热行为

为有效避免点火药中纳米级氧化剂颗粒的团聚,进一步提高点传火稳定性,通过NH4ClO4溶液和KOH溶液的复分解反应制备了碳纳米管/高氯酸钾(CNTs/KClO4)复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差热分析(DSC)和比表面积(SSA)分析研究了CNTs/KClO4复合材料的形貌特征及热行为。结果表明:用这种方法制备的KClO4能有效涂敷在碳纳米管上。与纯CNTs相比,负载KClO4的碳纳米管管径明显增粗,CNTs/KClO4复合材料的比表面积降低了40.719 m2·g-1。与KClO4相比,CNTs/KClO4复合材料的热分解温度前移了75℃,晶型转变峰温前移了5℃。与以KClO4为原料制备的Mo/KClO4点火药相比,以CNTs/KClO4复合材料为原料制备的Mo/KClO4点火药的热导率提高了33.9%。     

纳米CuO/CNTs的制备及对高氯酸钾基烟火药发光强度的影响

为研究不同附加物对含高氯酸钾与铝粉烟火药的发光强度的影响,采用沸腾回流沉淀法制备了CuO/CNTs纳米复合粒子。用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、同步热分析仪(DSC-TG)表征了它的结构和性能。测试了含不同附加物烟火药配方的发光强度。结果表明,氧化铜能够在碳纳米管表面有效负载,粒径为61.1 nm,其中CuO粒径为8.8 nm,负载量为30%。含纳米复合粒子的CuO/CNTs-Al-KClO4配方的发光强度优于任何含单一附加物的配方,与机械混合的CNTs-CuO-Al-KClO4同配比配方相比,发光强度提高了11.2%,表明CuO/CNTs纳米复合粒子具有更强的正协同催化效应。     

RDX-CMDB推进剂的催化热分解Ⅰ.高压热分解与燃速相关性研究

用高压差示扫描量热仪(PDSC)研究了一种RDX-CMDB推进剂在所选用燃速催化剂(没食子高铅、对氨基苯甲酸铜和炭黑)作用下的热分解,并对比了纳米和非纳米催化剂对其热分解的影响。结果表明,压力和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂对PDSC特征量和RDX的相对放热量有影响;在14 MPa压力范围内PDSC的特征量和压力可用一经验方程,通过二元回归与燃速关联。该方程能得到表征压力(压强)和放热速度对燃速的贡献程度的参数,能反映较高压力(8~14 MPa)下推进剂燃速的平台效应和不同复合组成的燃速催化剂的影响。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.