环形肌切开和全层肌切开治疗贲门失弛缓症长期随访研究

目的：对比内镜下全层肌切开与环形肌切开治疗贲门失弛缓症的长期临床疗效及远期并发症。方法：回顾性分析2012年6月至2014年12月于郑州大学第一附属医院消化内科行经口内镜下肌切开术治疗并定期随访的53例贲门失弛缓症患者资料,其中21例行环形肌切开,32例行全层肌切开,比较两种术式的长期临床疗效及远期并发症。 结果：环形肌切开组和全层肌切开组治疗有效率分别为90.5%（19/21）和100%（32/32）。两组术后Eckardt评分、食管下括约肌压力和4 s完整松弛压比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。全层肌切开组临床相关胃食管反流发生率高于环形肌切开组（40.6％比14.3%,χ2=4.174,P=0.041）。 结论：经口内镜下环形肌切开术与全层肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症长期疗效相当,但全层肌切开术后临床相关胃食管反流发生率更高。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效分析

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术（POEM）治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效及安全性。方法对40例贲门失弛缓症患者进行POEM治疗,手术前后评估症状及食管造影、食管测压、胃镜等检查,于术后第6天、1个月、3个月、6个月评估疗效,并观察手术并发症。结果40例贲门失弛缓症患者均顺利完成POEM,手术时间（57．2±18．4）min,术中有2例出现纵隔和皮下气肿。术后缓解率100％（Eekardt评分≤3分）,平均随访13．3个月,复发2例,半年缓解率90％。食管测压术前食管下括约肌平均静息压30．6mmHg（1mmHg=Q133kPa）,术后15．8mmHg（P=0.001）;术前平均综合松弛压28．1mmHg,术后12．2mmHg（P=0．000）;平均食管最宽径术前4．2cm,术后3．1cm（P〈0．001）。结论POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症安全、有效,短期疗效肯定,并发症少,长期疗效及远期并发症有待随访研究。     

横开口法经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效及安全性评价

目的 探讨横开口法经口内镜下肌切开术( T-POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效和安全性.方法 对31例贲门失弛缓症患者采用T-POEM治疗,随访观察手术疗效及安全性.结果 31例贲门失弛缓症患者手术成功率100％,平均手术时间为78.6 min,平均随访时间(6.3±5.4)个月,症状缓解率100％,术后患者Eckardt评分为0.7±0.5,较术前的7.8±0.9明显降低(P＜0.05).并发症发生率为19.4％(6/31).结论 T-POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症近期疗效满意,并发症发生率低.     

渐近全层肌切开式经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症41例临床疗效分析

目的通过总结渐近全层肌切开式经口内镜下肌切开术（POEM）治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效,促进POEM的发展。方法从2010年12月至2014年1月间行POEM术的188例患者中,选择行渐进式POEM的患者41例,对术后症状缓解及反流情况进行自身对照比较及分析。结果41例患者术后症状Eckardt评分较术前有明显改善（P〈0．001）,食管动力测压结果也证实了症状缓解的成效。术后反流发生率在症状学和胃镜下表现分别为26．83％和27．27％。结论渐进全层肌切开式POEM可有效缓解贲门失弛缓症的症状,其防反流的成果也初步令人满意。     

POEM治疗64例贲门失弛缓症临床疗效观察

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)治疗贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)的临床疗效。方法选取2012年2月-2014年3月兰州军区乌鲁木齐总医院确诊为AC并接受POEM治疗的64例患者,观察患者手术前后Eckardt评分及食管动力测压结果,评价手术疗效。结果 64例患者中63例成功完成POEM,无严重并发症,手术时间(81.2±20.1)min,黏膜下隧道切开长度(11.7±1.8)cm,环形肌切开长度长阶段为(9.2±0.8)cm,短阶段为(5.0±0.5)cm。行食管测压的23例患者术后食管下括约肌(LES)平均静息压(18.7±5.9)mm Hg,较术前(50.6±13.4)mm Hg明显降低(P0.01);56例患者术后12~36个月随访Eckardt评分(1.4±1.0)较术前(7.0±2.1)明显降低(P0.01)。长阶段、短阶段环形肌切开临床疗效及Eckardt评分无差异(P0.05)。结论 POEM作为一项新兴微创技术,治疗AC短期临床疗效确切,可以迅速缓解患者吞咽困难等临床症状,长期疗效及远期并发症仍有待大样本随访及监测。     

经口内镜肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的实验及临床经验初探

目的利用猪食管-胃模型进行经口内镜肌切开术（POEM）实验,为临床开展POEM术积累经验并探讨POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症的安全性和有效性。方法止血钳结扎离体猪的胃幽门出口,并将离体猪的食管口侧末端固定于带孔泡沫塑料,制成简易训练模型,然后以带透明帽内镜按如下步骤进行POEM术：（1）建立黏膜下隧道;（2）切断食管环形肌层;（3）封闭隧道口。经模型练习熟练掌握POEM技巧后,对4例贲门失弛缓症患者实施手术。结果5例猪食管-胃模型,2例成功完成POEM术,1例食管纵行肌层裂开穿孔,1例切断环形肌层时切除过深导致穿孔,1例于食管一胃连接部切破黏膜层。经模型练习后在临床成功开展POEM术4例,操作时间平均110min,隧道长度8—11cm,平均10．5cm,环形切断长度5～8cm,平均7cyn,术中1例出血较多,但在内镜下成功止血。食管测压提示,术后平均LES压力从术前47．07mmHg降至17．4mmHg。术后随访1～4个月,4例患者吞咽困难症状明显缓解。结论猪食管-胃模型制作简单,可作为简易的训练模型模拟POEM术过程。POEM术治疗贲门失弛缓症近期疗效肯定,远期疗效有待进一步随访。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症216例分析

背景:经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)是治疗贲门失弛缓症(EA)的新技术,已有研究证实该法治疗EA可行、安全、有效,但关于术中全层肌切开与环肌切开疗效差异的报道尚少。目的:探讨POEM治疗EA的疗效和安全性。方法:2011年8月至2013年11月中南大学湘雅二医院收治EA患者216例,行POEM治疗,其中全层肌切开133例,环肌切开83例。术后对患者进行定期随访和复查,观察手术前后Eckardt评分和食管直径改变、术中、术后并发症发生情况和复发率,并比较全层肌切开与环肌切开疗效有无差异。结果:216例患者均成功实施POEM,操作时间平均为59.1 min,隧道长度平均为13.3 cm,肌切开长度平均为10.1 cm。术后患者症状均得到缓解,Eckardt评分较术前显著改善,术后6个月食管直径较术前显著缩小(53.7 mm对30.8 mm,P0.001),并发症发生率为13.0%(28/216)。患者术后随访3~30个月(平均13.8个月),有效率为99.1%(214/216),随访期内无一例复发病例。全层肌切开与环肌切开相比,操作时间、有效率和并发症发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:POEM可作为EA安全、有效的治疗手段;全层肌切开并不增加手术操作时间和手术相关并发症,但其远期疗效和并发症仍有待进一步随访评估。     

贲门失弛缓症肠间质细胞及一氧化氮合成酶的免疫组化研究

目的探讨贲门失弛缓（AC）与肠间质细胞（ICC）及一氧化氮（NO）之间的关系,以进一步研究AC的发病机理。方法选取2011年8月至2011年12月收治的贲门失弛缓症患者16例,经口内镜下肌切开术术中取活检组织作为实验组标本;选取非食管动力障碍性疾病手术患者15例,切取食管下括约肌作为对照组标本。采用免疫组化染色法,显微镜下随机选取3个视野观察ICC和由一氧化氮合酶在两组食管下括约肌中的分布和表达情况,计算肠间质细胞的个数和半定量判定一氧化氮合酶的表达强度。结果光镜下观察,对照组食管下括约肌中有肠间质细胞分布,呈梭形,两端细长突起,弥散分布在肌层中,与肌束平行走向,部分肠间质细胞间突起相互连接,每切片平均计数（11．2±7．4）个。实验组中肠间质细胞分布稀疏,细胞突起不明显,每切片平均计数（5．8±5．6）个,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P=0．01）。食管下括约肌中也可见一氧化氮合酶染色阳性神经纤维,对照组染色神经纤维粗大,染色深,实验组中神经纤维纤细,染色淡,分布稀疏,两组在染色强度上比较差异也有统计学意义（P=0．13）。结论肠间质细胞和一氧化氮合酶在贲门失弛缓症患者食管下括约肌中分布和表达异常,两者可能与贲门失弛缓症发病有关。     

经口内镜肌切开术对贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力的影响

目的探讨经口内镜肌切开术（POEM）对贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力的影响。方法对3例贲门失弛缓症患者POEM治疗前后的食管测压结果进行对比分析。结果术后3例患者食管下括约肌压力（LESP）和食管上括约肌残余压（UESRP）均低于术前,且差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后食管下括约肌残余压（LESRP）有2例明显降低至正常值,有1例变化不大,仍高于正常,平均值较术前降低但差异无统计学意义;术前3例患者均有食管蠕动波消失,术后食管蠕动波均无改善;3例患者术前食管下括约肌松弛率（LESRR）均低于正常值,术后仍均低于正常;食管上括约肌压（UESP）平均值术后较术前降低,但差异无统计学意义。结论POEM近期能明显改善贲门失弛缓症患者的食管动力学特征。     

经口内镜下肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症的研究进展

贲门失弛缓症是食管神经-肌肉功能紊乱所致的疾病。治疗目标主要为降低食管下括约肌压力,解除食管梗阻。传统治疗方法包括药物治疗、内镜下肉毒素注射、内镜下球囊扩张术以及腹腔镜Heller肌切开术等,但均存在局限性。经口内镜下肌切开术(POEM)因微创、安全性高、疗效显著等特点成为研究热点。本文就POEM治疗贲门失弛缓症的研究进展作一综述。     

Peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM) for achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years.METHODS:From November 2011 to August 2014,15 consecutive patients(aged ≥ 65 years) diagnosed with achalasia were prospectively recruited and all underwent POEM at our institution. Eckardt score,lower esophageal sphincter(LES) pressure,esophageal diameter,SF-36 questionnaire,and procedure-related complications were used to evaluate the outcomes.RESULTS:All 15 patients were treated successfully by POEM,with a median operation time of 55 min. Median myotomy length was 10 cm. Three patients underwent circular myotomy and 12 full-thickness myotomies. Symptoms remitted in all cases during post-POEM f o l l o w- u p o f 6- 3 9 m o. E c k a r d t s c o r e r e d u c e d significantly(pre-operation vs post-operation:8.0 vs 1.0,P 0.05). Median LES pressure decreased from 27.4 to 9.6 mm Hg(P 0.05). Median diameter of the esophagus was significantly decreased(pre-operation vs post-operation:51.0 mm vs 30.0 mm,P 0.05). Only one patient had reflux,which was resolved with oral proton pump inhibitors. No serious complications related to POEM were found. The quality of life of the 15 patients improved significantly after POEM.CONCLUSION:POEM is a safe and effective technique for treatment of achalasia in patients aged ≥ 65 years,with improvement in symptoms and quality of life.     

透明帽在经口内镜下肌切开术中的应用价值

目的初步探讨透明帽在经口内镜下肌切开术中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2011年7月-2013年7月由同一操作者采用透明帽辅助的经口内镜下肌切开术治疗54例贲门失驰缓症患者,统计手术时间、手术成功率、并发症发生率、患者住院时间等。结果共54例贲门失驰缓症患者行经口内镜下肌切开术,成功54例,手术成功率100%,16例出现术中或术后并发症,并发症发生率为29.6%,手术时间45~396 min,平均(125±61)min,患者住院时间为5~28 d,平均(13.0±4.5)d。结论透明帽应用于经口内镜下肌切开术安全、方便、有效,能够缩短手术操作时间,提高手术成功率,降低并发症发生率,缩短患者住院时间。     

Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for oesophageal achalasia: Preliminary results in humans

Background

Peroral endoscopic myotomy has been developed to provide a less invasive treatment for oesophageal achalasia compared to surgical cardiomyotomy.

Aims

To report our initial experience on feasibility, safety and clinical efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy.

Methods

Eleven patients (eight women, mean age 32, range 24–58) underwent an attempt at peroral endoscopic myotomy under general anaesthesia. After submucosal injection, a mucosal entry into the oesophageal submucosa, and a tunnel extending to the oesophagogastric junction and beyond into the stomach were created (total mean length: 15 ± 1.7 cm). Myotomy of the circular oesophageal and gastric muscle bundles was then achieved under direct vision (total mean length: 10.2 ± 2.8 cm). Haemostatic clips were used to close the mucosal entry. The Eckardt Score and manometry were used to evaluate the results.

Results

Peroral endoscopic myotomy could be completed in 10 out of 11 patients (91%). Mean procedure time was 100.7 min (range 75–140 min). No major complication occurred. Clinical success was achieved in all patients at 1-month follow-up (Eckardt Score 7.1 vs. 1.1, p = 0). Lower oesophageal sphincter pressure decreased from 45.1 to 16.9 mmHg (p = 0).

Conclusions

This initial experience with peroral endoscopic myotomy shows its safety and efficacy in the treatment of achalasia. Further studies are warranted to assess the long-term efficacy and to compare peroral endoscopic myotomy with other treatment modalities.     

经口内镜下肌切开术对贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力的影响

目的探讨经口内镜下肌切开术(peroral endoscopic myotomy,POEM)初次治疗对贲门失弛缓症(achalasia,AC)患者术后食管动力的影响。方法纳入2012年1月至2016年6月期间于首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院就诊并行POEM治疗的AC患者,按研究设计完成各项检查、POEM治疗及随访观察,比较各型AC患者的POEM治疗成功率以及POEM治疗前后食管动力的改变。结果POEM术后6个月随访时,Ⅰ型AC患者的症状缓解率为100.0%(13/13),Ⅱ型为95.5%(42/44),Ⅲ型为90.1%(10/11)。与术前比较,术后1~6个月内下食管括约肌静息压[10.5(6.9,15.8)mmHg比24.6(18.3,35.1)mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa]、4 s整合松弛压[6.0(3.7,8.8)mmHg比21.8(15.3,28.0)mmHg]、上食管括约肌静息压[43.4(33.7,57.3)mmHg比45.3(33.2,71.1)mmHg]、上食管括约肌残余压[1.5(0.0,4.6)mmHg比3.9(1.1,6.9)mmHg]均明显改善(P均<0.05)。术后6个月,食管腔扩张的最宽直径较术前明显减小[(3.0±0.7)cm比(3.9±1.1)cm,P<0.001],总Eckardt评分较术前明显降低[1(0,2)分比6(5,8)分,P<0.001]。POEM术后,Ⅰ型AC患者食管体部均未出现蠕动恢复,Ⅱ型AC患者中有4例(9.1%,4/44)较术前恢复弱蠕动或期前收缩,Ⅲ型AC患者中10例(90.9%,10/11)较术前出现正常蠕动波、期前收缩或弱蠕动的比例增加。结论POEM术后不仅食管胃交界部流出道梗阻得到改善,而且食管体部动力也一定程度上发生改变,其中部分患者体部动力有一定恢复;但是这种变化在3个AC亚型表现不同,Ⅲ型最明显,其次是Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型则无明显改变。     

Effect of peroral esophageal myotomy for achalasia treatment: A Chinese study

AIM: To assess the safety and feasibility of peroral esophageal myotomy(POEM) in patients with achalasia.METHODS: From January 2012 to March 2014, 50 patients(28 men, 22 women; mean age: 42.8 years, range: 14-70 years) underwent POEM. Pre- and postoperative symptoms were quantified using the Eckardt scoring system. Barium swallow and esophagogastroscopy were performed before and after POEM, respectively. Esophageal motility was evaluated in all patients, both preoperatively and one month after POEM treatment, using a high-resolution manometry system. Manometry data, Eckardt scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressure and barium swallow results were used to evaluate the effect of the procedure.RESULTS: POEM was successfully completed for all patients. The mean procedure time was 55.4 ± 17.3 min and the mean total length of myotomy of the circular esophagus was 10.5 ± 2.6 cm. No specific complications occurred, with the exception of two patients that developed as ymptomatic pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema. Clinical improvement in symptoms was achieved in all patients. Approximately 77.5% of patients experienced weight gain 6 mo after POEM, with an average of 4.78 kg(range: 2-15 kg). The lower esophageal sphincter resting pressure, four second integrated relaxation pressure and Eckardt scores were all significantly reduced after POEM(Ps 0.05). A small segment of proximal esophageal peristalsis appeared postoperatively in two patients, but without normal esophageal peristalsis. The average diameter of the esophageal lumen decreased significantly from 4.39 to 3.09 cm(P 0.01). CONCLUSION: POEM can relieve achalasia symptoms, improve gastroesophageal junction relaxation and restore esophageal body motility function, but not normal esophageal peristalsis.     

A comprehensive analysis of partial peristalsis recovery after peroral endoscopic myotomy in patients with achalasia

Objective

To determine whether peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) improves esophageal peristalsis and to investigate the association between recovery of esophageal peristalsis after POEM and clinical features of the patients.

Methods

In this single-center retrospective study, data were collected from medical records of the patients with achalasia who underwent POEM between January 2014 and May 2016. Demographics data, high-resolution esophageal manometry parameters, Eckardt score, and gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire (GERD-Q) score were collected. Weak and fragmented contraction was defined as partial recovery of esophageal peristalsis based on the Chicago classification version 3.0. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify variables associated with the partial recovery of peristalsis after POEM.

Results

A total of 103 patients were enrolled. Esophageal contractile activity was observed in the distal two-thirds of the esophagus in 24 patients. The Eckardt score, integrated relaxation pressure, and lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure were significantly decreased after POEM. Multivariate analysis revealed that preprocedural LES resting pressure (P = 0.013) and preprocedural Eckardt score (P = 0.002) were related to the partial recovery of peristalsis after POEM. Symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux and reflux esophagitis after POEM were less frequent in those with partial recovery of peristalsis (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Normalization of esophagogastric junction relaxation pressure achieved by POEM is associated with the partial recovery of esophageal peristalsis in patients with achalasia. Preprocedural LES resting pressure and the Eckardt score are predictive of the recovery of esophageal peristalsis.