Ezrin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的探讨Ezrin蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用流式细胞技术（FCM）检测58例大肠癌患者（肠癌组）癌组织及癌组织远端正常黏膜（对照组）的Ezrin蛋白表达,对Ezrin蛋白表达与大肠癌组织分化程度、淋巴结转移情况等相关因素进行分析。结果肠癌组Ezrin蛋白表达明显高于对照组（P〈0．01）：Ezrin蛋白表达与大肠癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤部位及癌组织分化程度均无统计学差异（P均〉0．05）,与有无淋巴结转移有统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论Ezrin蛋白高表达提示癌组织的浸润、侵袭能力和淋巴结转移风险高,FCM检涮女肠癌绡织Ezdn罾白嘉扶可椎嘶怖床评估帛者而后冉钉新指标     

血管生成素-2与基质金属蛋白酶-7在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的:研究血管生成素-2(Ang-2)及基质金属蛋白酶-7(MMP-7)蛋白在人大肠癌组织中的表达及其与大肠癌临床病理特征的关系．方法:应用免疫组化法检测40例大肠癌及其癌旁正常组织中Ang-2及MMP-7蛋白表达水平．结果:大肠癌组织中Ang-2蛋白表达阳性率为77．5％(31/40),明显高于癌旁正常组织 40％(16/40)(P=0．001);Ang-2表达水平与患者性别、年龄及癌组织的部位、大小、分化程度、淋巴结转移无关(P>0．05);与浸润深度, 远处转移及Dukes’分期相关(分别为P=0．007, P=0．023,P=0．008);大肠癌组织RMMP-7蛋白表达阳性率为85％(34/40),明显高于癌旁正常组织35％(14/40)(P=0．000)．MMP-7蛋白表达阳性率与Ang-2的表达相关(P=0．016)．结论:Ang-2蛋白可能通过促进MMP-7的表达从而促进了大肠癌的生长及转移．     

大肠癌和大肠腺瘤COX-2和BFGF表达的意义

目的:研究COX-2和BFGF在大肠癌及大肠腺瘤组织中的表达及意义．方法:采用免疫组化SP方法检测了手术切除的大肠癌49例,腺瘤性息肉25例,正常大肠黏膜组织20例中的COX-2和BFGF表达．结果:COX-2和BFGF在大肠癌中的表达阳性率分别为59．2％和69．3％,在腺瘤性息肉的表达率为52．0％和56．0％,COX-2和BFGF在大肠癌组织与腺瘤性息肉中表达无显著性差异(P>0．05):正常肠黏膜中未检出COX-2和BFGF．COX-2和BFGF在大肠癌中表达与性别,年龄,肿瘤大小,肿瘤位置,分化程度无关(P>0．05)．但与肿瘤Dukes分期有关,C,D期高于A,B期(81．5％vs 54．5％,P<0．05),淋巴结转移之间具有显著性差,有异淋巴结转移高于无淋巴结转移(81．5％vs 54．5％,P<0．05)．肠癌组织中COX-2、BFGF表达二者间有相关性(r= 0．349,P<0．05)．结论:COX-2、BFGF在大肠癌组织及大肠腺瘤中的表达水平增高,在大肠腺瘤恶变及大肠癌的发生发展过程中起协同作用,共同促进肿瘤的发生．     

大肠癌组织中SOX4蛋白的表达变化及意义

目的 观察SOX4蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达变化,并探讨其意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP法对大肠正常黏膜及原发大肠癌组织中的SOX4蛋白进行检测.结果 SOX4蛋白在大肠癌组织中的表达水平显著高于大肠正常黏膜组织(P＜0.01);有淋巴结转移的大肠癌组织中SOX4蛋白表达水平明显高于无淋巴结转移者(P＜0.01);SOX4蛋白表达水平与癌组织浸润肠壁深度有关(P＜0.01),而与癌细胞分化程度无关(P＞0.05).结论 SOX4蛋白在大肠癌组织中高表达,与大肠癌的浸润转移有关,可作为大肠癌发生发展的预测指标之一.     

大肠癌组织中Ezrin、HIF-1α的表达及意义

用免疫组化SP法检测66例大肠癌组织（其中33例伴淋巴结转移）中Ezrin、HIF-1α蛋白的表达情况。结果在伴有淋巴结转移的癌组织中Ezrin、HIF—1α的阳性率分别为87．9％、94．0％，在无淋巴结转移的癌组织中的阳性率则为57．6％、66．7％（P均〈0．01）；二者与肿瘤分化程度、年龄、性别等无关（P均〉0．05）。两种蛋白的表达存在正相关性（r=0．389，P〈0．01）。认为伴淋巴结转移的大肠癌组织中Ezrin、HIF—1α蛋白的表达上调；Ezrin、HIF-1α的表达可能与肿瘤的侵袭转移相关。     

Epha4在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的探讨Epha4在胃癌发生、发展中的作用。方法采用免疫组化及RT-PCR法检测Epha4蛋白及mRNA在66例胃癌组织、40例癌旁组织、14例正常胃组织中的表达,分析Epha4表达与胃癌临床病理特征的相关性。结果胃癌组织中Epha4mRNA表达水平明显高于癌旁和正常胃组织,癌旁组织与正常胃组织中的表达无明显差异。Epha4蛋白在胃癌组织中阳性表达率为53．0％（35／66）。Epha4表达与胃癌分化程度、临床分期、淋巴结转移及远处转移密切相关（P〈0．05）,而与患者的性别、年龄、肿瘤体积、癌组织浸润深度无关（P〉0．05）。结论Epha4在胃癌组织中的表达状态与胃癌的分化程度和转移关系密切,可以作为反映胃癌生物学行为的重要指标。     

黏附分子CD44在大肠癌中表达的临床意义

采用免疫组化法检测121例大肠癌患者肿瘤组织的CD44v6蛋白表达。结果在大肠癌中CD44v6表达阳性率为50．4％（61／121），其中低分化者阳性率高于高分化者，淋巴结转移者高于无淋巴结转移者，Dukes分期D期者高于A期者（P〈0．05，〈0．01）。提示CD44v6表达阳性的大肠癌具有更强的浸润及淋巴结转移能力，CD44v6可作为判断大肠癌预后的一个重要指标。     

MTAl蛋白在胃癌中的表达及临床意义

应用免疫组化SP法检测67例胃癌、31例癌旁非典型增生及20例正常胃黏膜组织的MTAl蛋白表达，分析其与胃癌发生发展、浸润转移的关系。结果显示，MTAl蛋白在正常胃黏膜、癌旁非典型增生和胃癌组织中的表达率分别为5．00％、22．58％和67．16％，组间比较均有统计学差异（P均〈0．05）；MTAl蛋白表达与胃癌浸润程度、分化程度及淋巴结转移密切相关（P均〈0．05）。提示MTAl参与胃癌的发生发展。     

大肠癌组织中PTEN和COX-2的表达及其相关性研究

目的通过对PTEN和环氧合酶-2（COX-2）在大肠癌中表达的研究，探讨PTEN和COX-2的相关性。方法应用免疫组织化学S-P法检测58例大肠癌组织及20例正常大肠组织中PTEN和COX-2的表达。结果大肠癌组织中PTEN蛋白表达显著低于正常大肠组织中表达（P〈0．01）。且与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期相关（P〈0．05），而与大肠癌组织分化程度不相关（P〉0．05）。COX-2在大肠癌中的表达显著高于正常大肠黏膜的表达（P〈0．01），与淋巴结转移及Dukes分期相关（P〈0．05），而与大肠癌组织分化程度不相关（P〉0．05）。PTEN在大肠癌中的表达与COX-2呈负相关（P〈0．05）。结论PTEN失活或蛋白表达降低与大肠癌淋巴结转移及Dukes分期相关，且与COX-2呈负相关。抑癌基因PTEN和COX-2在大肠癌的发生发展过程中起着重要的作用。     

细胞周期素D1在大肠癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨细胞周期素D1（CD1）与大肠癌的发生、进展及预后的关系。方法：收集24例手术切除的大肠癌标本,同时取距癌灶5cm以外的癌旁组织及10cm以外的正常组织,用原位杂交的方法检测癌组织、癌旁组织及正常组织中CD1mRNA的表达,同时结合临床病理资料进行分析。结果：24例大肠癌组织中CD1mRNA阳性9例,阳性率37．5％;癌旁组织仅有1例阳性,阳性率4．2％;正常组织未见阳性表达。癌旁组织和正常组织均与癌组织有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。CD1mRNA的表达在浸润至浆膜层组明显高于浸润至肌层组（P＜0．05）;有淋巴结转移组及晚期病变（Dukes B C D期）组亦明显高于无淋巴结转移及早期病变（Dukes A期）组（P＜0．05）。CD1mRNA的表达高低与年龄、性别、癌灶直径大小、分化程度及是否有远处转移无明显关系（P＞0．05）。结论：CD1mRNA过度表达与大肠癌的发生、发展及转移有关。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.