添加WS2/(Ni-P)包覆的激光制备高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层

为抑制WS2在激光熔覆过程中的分解,增加其与金属基体的相容性,采用化学镀的方法,在WS2粉末颗粒表面包覆一层微米级Ni-P合金,对比研究了添加包覆粉末和未包覆粉末所制备的高温自润滑耐磨复合涂层的微观组织和室温、300℃和600℃下的摩擦学性能.NiCr-Cr3C2/30％ WS2(Ni-P)涂层组织主要为初生树枝状Cr7C3、共晶γ-(Fe,Ni)/Cr7C3和CrS,以及少量弥散分布的WS2;对涂层进行摩擦学实验表明,添加包覆粉末所制备的涂层摩擦学性能更佳,室温和300℃时,NiCr-Cr3C2/30％WS2(Ni-P)涂层有较低的摩擦系数,且室温、300℃和600℃时,NiCr-Cr3C2/30％ WS2(Ni-P)涂层磨损率都低于NiCr-Cr3C2/30％WS2涂层.     

激光微织构固体润滑表面高温摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究微织构纳米固体润滑剂及碳纳米管(CNTs)添加剂对微织构表面高温润滑性能的影响.方法 采用YLP-HP-1-100-100-100型光纤激光器在Cr4M04V高温轴承钢表面进行织构化处理,并填充二硫化钼(MoS2)-聚酰亚胺(PI)和不同碳纳米管添加含量的MoS2-PI-CNTs复合固体润滑剂.在环-盘接触的MMU-10G高温摩擦磨损试验机上进行了环境温度从室温到400℃的滑动摩擦性能试验.结果 填充含纳米MoS2的复合固体润滑剂的微织构表面的摩擦系数比填充含相同含量微米MoS2的低35％左右.微织构纳米MoS2-PI自润滑表面摩擦系数随碳纳米管含量的增加先减小后增大,当碳纳米管质量分数为6％时,其摩擦系数最小,且比无碳纳米管的低37％左右.在MoS2-PI纳米复合润滑剂中添加6％碳纳米管后,MoS2-PI-CNTs纳米复合润滑剂具有更高的使用温度和更低的摩擦系数.结论 纳米MoS2的润滑效果优于微米MoS2,碳纳米管有利于提高MoS2-PI复合固体润滑剂的耐热性能和润滑减摩性能.     

Ni60A／MoS2复合涂层设计及磨损失效机理

在结合涂层形成过程及原理、润滑涂层结构和涂层结合机理的基础上,对等离子喷涂Ni60A/MoS2复合润滑涂层的结构进行了设计,并对其磨损失效机理进行了探讨.研究表明:复合润滑耐磨涂层以NiCrAl合金粉末作为粘结层,Ni60A+La2O3+MoS2作为预涂层,可改善涂层界面的结合状况,致使涂层的组织和物化性能呈连续的过渡,大幅度地改善涂层材料的力学和耐磨性能.Ni60A/MoS2复合润滑涂层磨损失效机理随MoS2组元的含量不同而变化.未添加MoS2的喷涂涂层的主要磨损机理为磨粒磨损.随着MoS2含量的增加,润滑涂层的主要磨损机理由磨粒磨损向疲劳磨损,并过渡到粘着磨损.     

碳纤维增强Ag-MoS2复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

采用MoS2、碳纤维(CF)及特种碳纤维(SCF)作为润滑相,制备3种固体润滑复合材料(Ag-2.5Cu-8MoS2、Ag-2.5Cu-8MoS2-3CF、Ag-2.5Cu-8MoS2-3SCF),对所得材料进行系统的摩擦磨损性能测试,重点关注各润滑相对材料摩擦磨损性能的影响规律。结果表明:独立采用MoS2作为润滑相时可使材料获得较好的摩擦磨损性能和较低的摩擦因数,其磨损率为24×10 14m3/(N.m),摩擦因数为0.122;添加碳纤维能提高材料的耐磨性能,其中添加特种碳纤维所得材料Ag-2.5Cu-8MoS2-3SCF的磨损率最低(4.08×10 14m3/(N.m)),其耐磨性能比Ag-2.5Cu-8MoS2的提高了6倍,但添加碳纤维显著增加了材料的摩擦因数,测试过程发现加入碳纤维后材料的摩擦因数由0.122分别升至0.154(CF)和0.167(SCF)。由于特种碳纤维材料较高的硬度(319.369 HV)和较好的耐磨性以及MoS2较好的润滑性能,采用特种碳纤维和MoS2对银基材料进行复相润滑可使材料获得较好的综合摩擦磨损性能。     

HVOF喷涂Ni基涂层性能的研究

采用超音速火焰喷涂技术（HVOF）制备了3种镍基涂层，并对涂层的性能进行测试。结果表明：烧结粉末Ni60制备的涂层结合强度达44．6MPa、显微硬度963．8HV，均明显优于包覆粉末Ni包C、Ni包MoS2制备的涂层；Ni包C涂层孔隙率最高，达5．4％，并含有许多的未熔软质相；涂层中的镍起粘结作用，能显著提高涂层的结合强度和显微硬度；起减磨作用的MoS2和C相会明显降低涂层的结合强度。     

表面包覆改善球形Ni（OH）2高温性能的研究

采用Yb／Co氢氧化物共沉淀包覆方法和Ca3（PO4）2与Co（OH）2分别沉淀分层包覆方法在球形Ni（OH）2的表面进行了均匀的包覆。前者利用COSO4，YbCl3和NaOH溶液进行共沉淀包覆，后者是先在球形Ni（OH）2的表面沉淀包覆Ca3（PO4）2，然后再沉淀包覆Co（OH）2。结果显示，两种包覆方法均能有效地提高球形Ni（OH）2的高温（60℃）性能。按照Yb／Co=0．75％：2％共沉淀包覆的试样制成AA型电池后，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率达到常温下的90％。而2％Ca3（P04）2与2％Co（OH）2分层包覆后的球形Ni（OH）2制成AA型电池后，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率达到常温下的81％。未包覆和仅用Co（OH）2包覆的球形Ni（OH）2制成的AA型电池，在60℃下1C放电的容量保持率分别只有46％和48％。通过循环伏安测试表明，利用表面包覆的方法可以增大正极材料Ni（OH）2在高温下的氧化电位、析氧电位和两者之间的电位差，从而提高了材料在高温下的电化学性能。     

含MoS2的超音速喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层摩擦性能研究

利用超音速火焰喷涂方法,以WC-10Co-4Cr为基体,添加MoS2以制备WC- 10Co-4Cr/MoS2自润滑复合涂层;对比分析了添加不同含量MoS2涂层的微观组织结构和物相;重点进行了摩擦磨损试验,研究润滑相MoS2对超音速喷涂WC涂层摩擦学特性的影响机理.研究结果表明:引入的MoS2一少部分转化成新态,其余则进入WC涂层空隙中,在摩擦过程中形成润滑膜起到润滑作用,并有效地降低了摩擦因数,使摩擦磨损过程中温升降低,有效减少热损伤,提高了涂层的耐磨性能;WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层具有很好的自润滑性,w(MoS2)15％时WC-10Co-4Cr/MoS2复合涂层的摩擦磨损性能最佳.     

MoSz在空间对接摩擦材料烧结过程中的行为变化

采用粉末冶金技术制备了空间对接用铜基摩擦材料，利用X射线衍射及定量化学分析技术对MoS2在材料烧结过程中的变化行为及与其他组元之间的作用进行研究。结果表明，MoS2在加压烧结过程中存在三个方面的反应：在高温下分解成Mo和S,并造成了S元素的损失；与Cu作用形成了复杂的铜钼硫化合物；与Cu反应生成了Cu的硫化物，该类化合物具有与MoS2相类似的层状结构，有一定的润滑作用。MoS2高温分解后或MoS2与Cu反应产生的Mo元素与石墨反应形成了Mo的碳化物。另外，双飞粉的加入不仅与材料中的Mo元素作用形成CaMoO4并且改变了铜钼硫化合物、Cu的硫化物以及Mo的碳化物中各元素的麾尔比。     

汽车用Al-20Si合金的变质处理与合金化试验研究

试验研究单独添加P和复合添加P+Er对Al-20Si合金的变质作用并优化出最佳添加量,在此基础上考察了Cu和Ni对Al-20Si合金室温和300℃高温强度的影响。结果表明:未添加P变质处理的合金中的初晶Si主要呈粗大块状或星状,棱角较为尖锐且分布不均匀,P变质处理的后合金中初晶Si的形貌逐渐转变为颗粒状,尺寸变小的同时均匀度增加;复合添加P+Er变质处理的合金中初晶Si形态变化不大,而共晶Si尺寸明显减小,w(P)=0. 04%、w(Er)=0. 06%复合变质处理Al-20Si合金可以得到最佳变质效果;在Cu含量不变前提下增加Ni含量或者Ni含量不变前提下增加Cu含量,都可以提升Al-20Si合金的室温强度和300℃高温抗拉强度,且Ni元素对提高300℃高温抗拉强度更加显著,Al-20Si合金中Cu和Ni适宜的添加量都为1. 6%(质量分数)。     

Ni-Cr-Mo-S合金的自润滑机理

研究了Ni—Cr—Mo—S合金的自润滑机理。结果表明：合金的显微组织主要是由金属基体和硫化物相与Ni(Cr)合金形成的共晶体两部分构成。随着温度的升高，Ni—Cr—Mo—S合金的摩擦因数逐渐降低；合金材料中生成的共晶体在摩擦面的温度作用下可以变软或熔化形成具有转移性的自润滑膜。在实验的高温下，MoO3和NiO也参与了润滑作用：随着温度的上升，MoO3所起的固体润滑作用逐渐减小，NiO所起的固体润滑作用逐渐增大。在室温摩擦时，轻微粘着磨损为主要磨损形式；在高温摩擦时，磨粒磨损为主要磨损形式，同时也会出现氧化磨损。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.