高钙镁型钛渣物相重构法制取人造金红石

开展了高钙镁型钛渣通过添加Na2CO3焙烧进行矿相重构制取人造金红石的研究。采用XRD、SEM等技术对焙烧产物微观结构、物相组成和浸出产物物相组成进行表征。结果表明,在Na2CO3与钛渣质量比为3:7、焙烧温度为900℃、焙烧时间为2 h的条件下,所得焙烧产物经酸浸、煅烧后,获得TiO2品位为92.23%、回收率为92%、CaO+MgO含量(质量分数)为0.78%的人造金红石。该制备过程的机理主要在于高钙镁型钛渣添加Na2CO3焙烧可使其中的主要杂质转变为易选择性溶出的铁酸钠、Na-Fe-Ti-O系和Na-Mg-Ti-O系新矿相;通过酸浸,焙烧产物中大部分杂质被选择性溶出,钛组分转变成金红石型和锐钛型TiO2,实现了高品位人造金红石的制取。     

高钛渣中钛组分的选择性富集与长大

研究了改性处理对高钛渣中钛组分选择性富集以及富钛相金红石晶体析出长大的影响。实验结果表明，氧化可使高钛渣中的黑钛石转化为金红石；渣中加入改性剂CaO和P2O5后，再经过热处理改性，有利于钛组分的选择性富集和金红石晶体的长大粗化。     

如何发展我国的富钛料生产

生产海绵钛和钛白的主要原料是钛精矿和天然金红石。钛精矿再加工成被称之为富钛料的高钛渣或人造金红石。海绵钛和氯化法钛白主要以高钛渣、人造金红石和天然金红石为原料；硫酸法钛白主要以酸溶性钛渣或钛精矿为原料。80年代以前，有60%以上的钛精矿用于硫酸法钛白生产，40%左右的钛精矿加工成高钛渣和人造金红石用于海绵钛和钛白的生产。由于环保和运输等原因，目前世界各国直接用钛精矿生产钛白的厂家越来越少，绝大部分的钛精矿都加工成高钛渣和人造金红石供给钛白和海绵钛生产。换言之，当前海绵钛和钛白生产所用原料的发展趋势是用钛…     

高钛原料的生产

高钛原料包括钛铁矿、天然金红石、钛渣和合成金红石等,根据用途可分为用于硫酸法制取氧化钛的和用于氯化法制取氯化钛及金属钛的两种.用硫酸法制取氧化钛时,考虑到溶解性.不能使用金红石型的原料,原料品位要从经济上考虑.人工合成的高钛原料中铁为主要杂质,其除去率影响着原料的质量,存在一个铁的残余量界限.     

高钛渣改性及溶出制取富钛料实验研究

通过添加改性剂高温焙烧的方法改变高钛渣物相结构,使TiO2富集于金红石相,再使用废盐酸常压溶出改性渣,并考查废酸浓度、溶出温度、反应时间因素的影响.结果表明,改性剂添加量10g,温度950℃焙烧2h的100g高钛渣,其较佳溶出实验条件为废酸浓度15％、温度105℃、反应时间24h,富钛料中TiO2的含量可达88.31％.     

废弃SCR脱硝催化剂与废NaCl盐焙烧回收催化剂中的钛、钒、钨（英文）

通过废弃选择性催化还原(SCR)脱硝催化剂与废NaCl盐焙烧,可以将催化剂中的钨和钒与钛分离。在最佳浸出条件下(焙烧温度900℃,焙烧时间3 h,废盐与废催化剂的质量比为0.5,浸出温度80℃,反应时间60 min),钨和钒的浸出率分别达到84.63%和66.42%,同时钛的损失率仅为1.3%。废NaCl盐和焙烧温度可以促进锐钛矿型TiO₂转化为金红石型TiO₂,反应后得到了金红石型TiO₂。金红石型TiO₂中的钛的价态为四价,晶格氧和化学吸附氧分别占57.26%和42.74%。该方法可以同时解决2种废弃物的处置问题。     

攀枝花钛渣微波处理新工艺研究

本文以攀枝花钛渣作为研究对象,研究了碳酸钠改性、微波焙烧、磷酸浸出和微波煅烧联合处理工艺对钛渣晶型转变行为的影响规律。在碳酸钠改性过程中,钛渣与改性剂的配比为1∶0.3;在微波焙烧过程中,焙烧温度为900℃,焙烧时间为2h;在磷酸浸出过程中,磷酸质量分数为30%,浸出时间为5h;在微波煅烧过程中,煅烧温度为875℃,煅烧时间为0.5h。钛渣和煅烧产物的晶型结构、微观形貌和表面官能团分别采取了XRD、SEM和FT-IR进行分析。XRD分析表明,处理后的样品主峰为金红石型二氧化钛;SEM分析表明,短棒状的二氧化钛结构从样品内部生长出来;FT-IR分析表明,金红石型二氧化钛的吸收峰在546.77cm~(-1)的位置发生明显的蓝移,此方法能够有效的处理物相结构复杂的钛铁矿来制备人造金红石。     

高温焙烧高钛渣工艺的试验研究

以云南地区钛铁矿富集得到的高钛渣为原料,置于加热装置内焙烧,在1000℃下加热处理20min,利用XRD、SEM研究了高温焙烧对高钛渣相组成和微观结构的影响.结果表明:在高温条件下高钛渣中的锐铁型TiO2转化为金红石型TiO2.提出了一种高温焙烧高钛渣的新工艺,从生产源头消除了对环境的污染,实现钛资源的可持续发展.     

高钛渣生产现状和今后发展的看法

高钛渣是利用钛精矿作为原料生产的、含TiO2较高的一种富钛粒，它与人造金红石和天然金红石一起是生产钛白粉、海绵钛、电焊条等的理想原料．在世界富钛料生产中占主导地位．其原因是生产工艺简单，设备易于大型化，“三废”少，易于治理，副产品生铁回收加工容易．全世界高钛渣年生产能力约250万t，我国仅为74万t，是世界生产能力的3％，加上正在建设的年产3．3万t承德高钛渣厂，总生产能力也仅占世界的4％，这和我国具有丰富的钛资源极不相称．本文简要介绍了国内外高钛渣生产现状和国内高钛渣生产发展缓慢的主要原因，以及今后发展我国…     

机械活化-盐酸常压浸出钛铁矿的影响

采用机械活化-盐酸常压浸出法对钛铁矿进行了选择性浸出,研究机械活化对钛铁矿的结构、形貌、粒度及浸出效果的影响。结果表明,机械活化可以细化钛铁矿的粒径,增加颗粒表面的粗糙度,从而增大其比表面积;机械活化可以破坏钛铁矿晶粒的完整性,并产生大量晶格缺陷,使晶格膨胀,上述作用均能强化钛铁矿浸出。最优浸出条件为:盐酸质量分数20%,反应温度100℃,酸矿比1.2,钛铁矿活化时间2 h。最优条件下Ti和Fe的浸出率分别为1.07%和95.5%,最终Ti和Si富集在渣中,其他元素进入浸出液。将上述得到的富钛渣煅烧获得了品位高于90%的人造金红石。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.