超疏水-防覆冰技术在公路路面中的研究应用进展

超疏水材料作为一种新型智能仿生材料,因优良的疏水、疏冰性能,在电力、航天等领域防冰除冰中得到了广泛应用,但在公路交通领域尚处于探索起步阶段。介绍了近年来国内外路面除冰技术存在的不足,分析了超疏水主动除冰技术在路面应用中的优势;概述了超疏水材料浸润性的基本理论;从促进液滴滚落、影响水滴结晶进程、降低冰附着力等方面,论证了超疏水材料在路面除冰应用中的可行性;从改变材料化学组成与粗糙度两个方面,分析了影响"冰-路"附着力的主要因素;在此基础上,介绍了超疏水材料制备与超疏水公路路面处治技术,综述了国内外冰与路面材料之间附着力的几种检测方法,主要包括:落杆撞击试验、水平剪切试验、重力式砝码剪切试验。在总结前人研究成果的基础上,本研究自行设计了摆锤试验以及劈裂试验,进一步验证了超疏水-防覆冰技术能有效降低"冰-路"附着力;并归纳了目前公路路面超疏水-防覆冰技术存在的问题,提出了未来研究发展的方向。     

用于锂电池包装的铝塑膜印刷封装新工艺

目的研发一种铝塑膜印刷封装的新工艺,提高锂电池包装的生产效率。方法通过对铝塑膜表面先涂布、再印刷、后封装的工艺替代行业内铝塑膜包装锂电池的传统工艺,测试新工艺条件下铝塑印刷膜的耐化学性、耐磨性、附着力及光泽度等指标。结果采用新工艺后,不仅可以拓宽印刷种类,提升生产效率,而且能够实现高精度印刷作业,提高铝塑膜的印刷质量。试验表明,该工艺条件下的铝塑印刷膜耐化学性和耐磨性优良,附着牢度可达100%,平均光泽度为8.4。结论新工艺相比传统工艺具有较强的先进性,可适用于手机锂电池的铝塑膜印刷封装作业。     

Development of a new creep specimen for medium and high temperature tests

A new creep sample geometry is presented which has round heads instead of threads to connect to the grips. This reduces high temperature adhesion problems considerably. In addition, the production of samples from materials which are difficult to machine or which requires expensive machining techniques is made easier using this geometry. The successful use of the sample is demonstrated by means of two examples.     

Time-modulated chemical vapour deposition diamonf on mould making 2738 steel

The mould making industry is known to be worldwide in rapid expansion, due to the fact that polymeric based materials are increasingly replacing conventional used ones, thus placing enormous challenges on production methods and tools.The application of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond coatings onto moulds can be a promising tool to improve properties such as adhesion, reduction on abrasion and corrosive wear, filling and releasing problems or even tool thermal fatigue. Despite its potential for use in these types of applications, diamond coating on steel substrates is not problem-free and a few critical problems such as adhesion to steel, process temperatures and film property control, remain to be solved.This paper reports on experimental results obtained from an investigation focusing on the deposition of diamond coatings onto steel substrates using the new time-modulated chemical vapour deposition process. Furthermore, the technique is evaluated in order to establish its suitability for application in mould production tools.     

Metall‐Kunststoff‐Verbunde: Untersuchungen zur Wirkungsweise einer Adhäsionsschicht aus Uretdionpulverlacksystemen

Metal plastic hybrids combines the properties of the components: the high strength and rigidity of the metal, as well as the excellent possibilities of the lightweight thermoplastic in moulding processes. This allows the production of new parts with integration of different functions. Assembly injection moulding is a very effective and low‐cost technology for the metal plastic hybrid manufacture. We investigate three layer hybrids of steel plate, low module polyurethane and an adhesion layer. A new developed low temperature uretdione polyurethane powder coating material in two different curing grades is used as the adhesion layer. This curing grades are the allophanate‐ and the urethane group grades. The aim of our work consist in the investigation of the influence of the two curing grades on the three layer hybrid bond strength. The results of the model tests as well as of the analytical investigations are in good correlation to the bond strength level. This allowed us to make two thesis: on the one hand the fusing thesis and on the other hand the reaction thesis.     

Utilization of woody biomass combustion fly ash as a filler in the glue used for plywood production

The feasibility of the effective utilization of combustion ash from a woody biomass power plant as a novel filler added to adhesives used in plywood production is investigated. For this, plywood was prepared with glues containing combustion ashes having different properties, and the adhesion performance of the glues was examined in detail and compared with that of a glue containing calcium carbonate powder as the filler. Through optical microscopy observations and analyses of the adhesive layer in the plywood, the relationship between the properties of the glue, the structure of the adhesive layer, and the adhesion performance was unraveled. Results revealed that the glue containing woody biomass combustion ash without the unburned carbon component shows a better and more homogeneous adhesion performance than that containing calcium carbonate powder. The adhesion performance could be enhanced more uniformly by decreasing the particle size of the filler. The study also indicated that the difference in the adhesion performance according to the kind of filler is not due to the difference in the chemical structure of the adhesive layer, but because of the difference in the denseness of the adhesive layer dominated by the viscosity of the glue. Thus, this study confirms that woody biomass combustion ash could be practically utilized as a filler substitute of calcium carbonate powder in glues for manufacturing plywood.     

抗粘连剂在CPP镀铝膜上的应用研究简

研究了有机微珠、玻璃微珠、合成硅石三种助剂制备的抗粘连母料在CPP镀铝膜生产中的应用。对抗粘连剂在CPP镀铝基材膜的分散性和对摩擦系数、雾度、耐磨性及镀铝层附着力等性能影响进行了对比试验分析,结果表明：使用有机抗粘连剂的CPP镀铝基材膜的雾度较低,CPP镀铝膜的镀铝层附着力较好。     

Influence of Tableting Forces and Lubricant Concentration on the Adhesion Strength in Complex Layer Tablets

The strength of adhesion in complex two-layer tablets is assessed using statistical methods with respect to the applied tableting forces for the first layer and for applying the second layer on the first, as well as regarding the fraction of the lubricant. These results, obtained on a single-punch tablet press, are compared with the results for three-layer tablets produced on a rotary press at production scale. The strongest negative influence on adhesion strength was exerted by the amount of lubricant in the central layer. As expected, compression forces for central-layer tableting also had a negative effect, whereas the compression forces for complex layer tableting exerted a positive effect on layer adhesion. The validity of the derived model equation was proved by experiments: It was shown that the adhesion strength in complex layer tablets produced in production scale can be predicted from laboratory-scale experiments. This makes optimization of the formulation and parameter settings at an early stage of development possible.     

Influence of tableting forces and lubricant concentration on the adhesion strength in complex layer tablets

The strength of adhesion in complex two-layer tablets is assessed using statistical methods with respect to the applied tableting forces for the first layer and for applying the second layer on the first, as well as regarding the fraction of the lubricant. These results, obtained on a single-punch tablet press, are compared with the results for three-layer tablets produced on a rotary press at production scale. The strongest negative influence on adhesion strength was exerted by the amount of lubricant in the central layer. As expected, compression forces for central-layer tableting also had a negative effect, whereas the compression forces for complex layer tableting exerted a positive effect on layer adhesion. The validity of the derived model equation was proved by experiments: It was shown that the adhesion strength in complex layer tablets produced in production scale can be predicted from laboratory-scale experiments. This makes optimization of the formulation and parameter settings at an early stage of development possible.     

壳聚糖基复合膜的制备及预防术后肌腱粘连功能的研究

将改性甲壳素、羧甲基壳聚糖和羟丙基壳聚糖按一定比例共混交联,流延涂布法制备3种多糖共混的壳聚糖基复合膜(CTSb复合膜).以鸡为实验动物模型.切除趾浅屈肌腱,横断趾深屈肌腱,形成趾深屈肌腱断裂动物模型.设置实验组、阳性对照组、阴性对照组和正常对照组,运用粘连等级评分、生物力学测试、组织学检测等方法对复合膜预防肌腱粘连作用进行系统评价.结果表明,CTSb复合膜组肌腱吻合口周围的粘连带、肉芽组织、胶原纤维及成纤维细胞均明显少于阴性对照组,肌腱活动度生物力学测试结果明显优于阴性对照组,说明CTSb复合膜具有良好的预防术后肌腱粘连作用.     

浸塑隔离栅对热塑性粉末涂料的要求

以浸塑生产和试验为依据 ,论述了浸塑隔离栅对热塑性粉末涂料的流化度、耐候性和附着力等性能的要求 ,并对浸塑粉末生产和使用提出了合理建议     

Reference classes: a tool for benchmarking universities’ research

Based on new comparison principles that take into account both the volume of scientific production and its impact, this paper proposes a method for defining reference classes of universities. Several tools are developed in order to enable university managers to define the value system according to which their university shall be compared to others. We apply this methodology to French universities and illustrate it using the reference classes of the best ranked universities according to several value systems.     

高分子涂层与金属的附着力及其研究进展

介绍了金属和高分子附着力的定义、测定方法及其附着机理,主要包括机械互锁理论、静电理论、扩散理论、化学键理论、吸附理论及其它理论;总结了最近应用化学键理论和吸附理论中的范德华力提高附着力的方法、研究进展及最新动态,特别是利用仿生学及纳米颗粒提高附着力和可能的机理.     

Simulation of Adhesive–Dissipative Behavior of a Microparticle Under the Oblique Impact

The adhesive–dissipative behavior of a microparticle under the oblique impact is investigated numerically and the new discrete element method (DEM)-compatible interaction model is elaborated. The modeling approach is based on the Derjaguin–Muller–Toporov model of normal interaction for the adhesive elastic contact. Adhesion hysteresis is specified by the loss of the kinetic energy governed by the fixed amount of the adhesion work, required to separate two adhesive contacting surfaces. This effect is captured in the new interaction model by adding an additional dissipative force component to normal contact during unloading and detachment. The essential feature of this approach, differing from that of the viscous damping model, is that, according to the proposed method, the amount of the dissipated energy is not influenced by the actual initial velocity during the entire contact. The influence of adhesion on slip friction is reflected by considering the adhesive normal force components in the Coulomb's law of friction. The contribution of the adhesion-related dissipation is illustrated by a comparison of the behavior of the attractive–dissipative and attractive–non-dissipative models. The oblique impact of a microparticle on the plane surface at the intermediate impact angle is also investigated numerically. The link between adhesion and friction is supported by the numerical results.     

Aspects of Characterisation of Thin Coating Adhesion at the Nano—Scale

In response to current development of materials in nano-science.characterisation of thin coating adhesion ona nano-scale becomes one of the most important research areas,as new coatings get ever thinner and more technologically advanced.With a review of technology and mechanisms of evaluating the adhesion failure of coatings.three techniques,nano-im-pact,nano-scratch and nano-indentation techniques,for charactering the adhesion of thin coatings on a nano scale are described.Results of charactering the adhesion faliure of thin coatings using three different techniques indicate that the nano scratch and nano-indentation techniques are very useful tools particularly in charactering the performance of thin coatings under nano-abra sive wear conditions.However,results from these types of tests cannot be easily applied to predict the performance of coatings whose are subject to nano-erosive wear,cyclic nano-fatigue or multiple nano-impacts during service.Instead,results of the new dynamic testing technique,im     

Microfabricated adhesive mimicking gecko foot-hair

The amazing climbing ability of geckos has attracted the interest of philosophers and scientists alike for centuries. However, only in the past few years has progress been made in understanding the mechanism behind this ability, which relies on submicrometre keratin hairs covering the soles of geckos. Each hair produces a miniscule force approximately 10(-7) N (due to van der Waals and/or capillary interactions) but millions of hairs acting together create a formidable adhesion of approximately 10 N x cm(-2): sufficient to keep geckos firmly on their feet, even when upside down on a glass ceiling. It is very tempting to create a new type of adhesive by mimicking the gecko mechanism. Here we report on a prototype of such 'gecko tape' made by microfabrication of dense arrays of flexible plastic pillars, the geometry of which is optimized to ensure their collective adhesion. Our approach shows a way to manufacture self-cleaning, re-attachable dry adhesives, although problems related to their durability and mass production are yet to be resolved.     

Influence of sunflower aggregates surface treatments on physical properties and adhesion with a mineral binder

The engineering of ultra-lightweight lignocellulosic concretes has been considered from the point of view of mechanical, physical or thermal characteristics. Several works underlined interfaces as the weakest part of these composites. This study is devoted to the first interface creation step: the adhesion process. Sunflower stem aggregate properties useful for the study of adhesion are determined. The effects of one chemical treatment and two coatings are analyzed. A new technique to qualify aggregate/binder adhesion during the binder structuring is experimented. Relationships are made between sunflower aggregate properties and adhesion quality. The results show the interest of the new adhesion measurement technique. Ca(OH)₂ treatment, paraffin wax coating and 5 min water pre-wetting improved sunflower/binder interfacial shear stress respectively by 66.3%, 67% and 33%.     

改善化学镀层结合力的方法及其检测手段

化学镀作为一种新兴的表面处理技术,已经广泛应用于各个领域.镀层结合力是化学镀质量的一个重要指标,直接影响到化学镀的实用性.根据影响镀层结合力的因素,提出几种改善镀层结合力的方法,并介绍了几种常用的检测结合力的方法.     

Bi‐Stable Adhesion of a Surface with a Dimple

In this paper, we propose a new adhesive system of dimpled surfaces. The principle is derived from a contact mechanics model. The material is assumed to be linear elastic and isotropic, and attraction between the surfaces of the half‐spaces is modeled via the concept of a specific adhesion energy. It is found that large and small detachments are unstable and will either grow or shrink spontaneously when their sizes are perturbed. It is shown that this phenomenon can lead to a new bi‐stable adhesive system in which weak adhesion can be converted to strong adhesion by the application of pressure.     

Adhesion between bitumen and aggregate: implementation of spectroscopic ellipsometry characterisation and estimation of Hamaker’s constant

Refractive indices of seven bitumen samples and three aggregates (typical components in flexible asphalt pavement) were determined by ellipsometry in order to predict dispersive bitumen–aggregate adhesion and dispersive bitumen–bitumen cohesion using Hamaker’s constant. Hamaker’s constant according to Lifshitz was introduced to the asphalt field by two of the authors to describe and estimate van der Waal’s interaction and bitumen–aggregate adhesion. Lifshitz used the refractive index to estimate the dispersive non-polar van der Waal’s interaction component of adhesion, the predominant component in adhesion between minerals and bituminous binder. The impact of an intervening thin medium such as air or water on the adhesion can be estimated using Hamaker’s coefficient, which in turn can be related to stripping potential. The bitumen binders studied were delivered as a paving grade 70/100 according to EN 12591:2009 and came from different bitumen suppliers. The three aggregates studied were two types of granite and one diabase. It is concluded from the measurement of refractive indices and calculations of the dispersive component of Hamaker’s constant that there was a larger spread in refractive index among the three aggregate samples studied than among the seven bitumen samples.