异种材料的搅拌摩擦焊接

进行了铝合金与工业纯铜、铝合金与低碳钢的搅拌摩擦焊接实验。实际焊接了对接接头、丁字接头、搭接接头，观察了焊接接头组织，测量了接头性能。结果表明，用搅拌摩擦焊方法代替熔化焊方法焊接异种材料，可以获得组织致密、无缺陷的接头，接头强度较高，且工艺适应性、结构适应性较好，焊接工艺参数、各组元在焊缝金属中的比例等对形成良好的焊缝有重要的影响。     

铝合金液冷冷板的搅拌摩擦焊

针对钎焊工艺条件下铝合金液冷冷板钎焊缝存在的技术问题,对比分析了搅拌摩擦焊工艺技术在铝合金液冷冷板焊接应用上的技术优势,指出了采用搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行铝合金液冷冷板非实体结构的焊接时,要获得满意的接头焊接质量的前提是结构需满足一定的焊接接头设计要求.在试验基础上对搅拌摩擦焊的6063铝合金液冷冷板焊接表面压入量、焊接变形情况、焊接匙孔处理方法、焊接接头耐压性能和焊接接头组织状况进行了分析研究.     

LF6铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

试验研究了LF6铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦焊工艺，优化了工艺参数，分析了焊缝表面成形及焊接接头组织，力学性能，结果表明：LF6铝合金具有良好的搅拌摩擦焊性能，焊缝区发生动态再结晶，焊缝晶粒被细化，优化工艺参数可使焊接接头强度达到或高于母材。     

铝蜂窝板与5A05铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺

文中主要研究铝蜂窝版与5A05铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊工艺,解决了铝蜂窝板搅拌摩擦焊时受搅拌针轴肩压力易塌陷的难题,优化铝蜂窝板焊接接头形式,设计镶嵌式对接接头,进行搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,分析焊缝力学性能、X射线探伤并观察金相组织,优化搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺参数,得到了无缺陷、力学性能较好的焊缝.试验结果表明,铝蜂窝板和5A05铝...     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对板厚6mm的6061铝合金板在不同参数下进行焊接,研究6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺以及主要参数对焊缝成形和接头力学性能的影响,观察焊接接头的金相组织,通过硬度分布测试分析焊接接头的力学不均匀性.结果表明:压入量过大或过小时容易造成焊接接头成形差等缺陷,压入量为0.3 mm时可以获得优质的焊缝成形;搅...     

超声波对搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响及其机理分析

介绍了一种新型的超声复合搅拌摩擦焊技术,能够获得力学性能更优、微观组织更加均匀的搅拌摩擦焊接接头。设计同一参数条件下的工艺试验方法,分析6061 T6、2219 T6、5A06 H112三种铝合金对接接头的金相组织特征和接头力学性能,并与传统搅拌摩擦焊进行对比。通过对比金属塑性流动的规律与焊缝截面成形情况,总结超声波对搅拌摩擦焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响和机理。     

铝与镁异种轻合金摩擦搅拌焊的研究现状

铝合金与镁合金异种接头焊接难度大,接头质量差,摩擦搅拌焊技术成为铝合金与镁合金异种接头焊接的新方向。对近些年来铝合金与镁合金异种接头摩擦搅拌焊的研究现状进行了综述,概括了焊缝成形、接头显微组织、焊接温度测量与控制及接头力学性能等方面的问题。得出了金属间化合物的形成严重影响焊接质量的结论,并提出了改善该问题的方法以及未来的发展方向。     

6061铝合金FSW接头与MIG焊接头对比试验

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和MIG焊分别对6061铝合金板进行了焊接试验,测试了焊接接头的强度,观察了焊接接头的金相组织,并进行了接头的硬度分布测试.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度高达212.05 MPa,是母材抗拉强度的86％,比MIG焊的接头强度略高.焊接接头软化区宽度比MIG焊接头软化宽度窄.6061铝合金母材为典型的轧制组织,焊核区为细小的等轴晶组织,MIG焊接头焊缝为柱状晶组织.     

铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊初步研究

提出了双面搅拌摩擦焊这种新的焊接方法，对比研究了6K32-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊与双面搅拌摩擦焊接头的组织和硬度，并对双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝进行了XRD分析。研究发现：铝合金双面搅拌摩擦焊与搅拌摩擦焊焊缝组织分区相同；双面搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的硬度略低于搅拌摩擦焊，且焊缝硬度下降区域范围更大；双面搅拌摩擦焊后焊缝依然保持为原有相组成；双面搅拌摩擦焊比搅拌摩擦焊焊接线能量更大，采用双面搅拌摩擦焊代替搅拌摩擦焊有利于提高焊接效率并消除焊缝隧道型缺陷、改善焊缝的性能。     

2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊温度场的三维实体耦合数值模拟

为更贴近实际的模拟搅拌摩擦焊焊接过程中复杂的热力行为,试验通过建立三维搅拌摩擦焊过程数学模型,采用三维实体耦合的有限元方法来分析2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊热过程和温度场分布.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊焊缝的温度场梯度呈现上密下疏,前密后疏的分布状态,最高温度位于后退侧的搅拌针与轴肩的过渡区,焊缝后退边的温度高于前进边,搅拌针底部温度超过2219铝合金的再结晶温度,可确保对接接头根部形成紧密焊缝,模拟结果为研究搅拌摩擦焊的机理和优化搅拌摩擦焊焊接工艺提供了支持.     

LF21超声搅拌摩擦焊接头组织及性能分析

利用超声波对金属塑性成形作用对LF21铝合金进行了超声搅拌摩擦焊接试验,并对常规搅拌摩擦焊与超声搅拌摩擦焊接头的微观组织、断口形貌进行了对比分析.结果表明,超声能量通过搅拌头有效地导入焊缝底部,在增加焊缝底部搅拌强度的同时,提高了搅拌针周围金属原子的运动和扩散能力,焊核区的金属组织有明显的晶粒细化和组织均匀化.超声搅拌摩擦焊断口韧窝数量与深度均不及常规搅拌摩擦焊,撕裂棱不明显;超声搅拌摩擦焊可以提高接头力学性能,但平均断后伸长率相比常规搅拌摩擦焊有所下降.     

Macrostructures and mechanical properties of ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding joint of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy

In friction stir welding of aluminum alloys, tunnel defect may occur due to insufficient plastic material flow caused by lower heat input in the weld region. The inadequacy in heat input is due to improper selection of friction stir welding tool and process parameters. Ultimately, such defects degrade the properties of weld and may pose serious concerns towards the integrity and safety of the weld component. In order to improve the properties of weld joints, an ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding device has been configured where ultrasonic energy is transferred from an ultrasonic unit directly into one of the workpieces near the tool. Using this configuration, ultrasonic-assisted friction stir welding was conducted on 6 mm thick 2024-T3 aluminum alloy sheets. The macrostructure and mechanical properties of these welds were compared with the welds of this alloy prepared by conventional friction stir welding using identical process parameters. The results show that the welding speed can be increased while satisfactory weld quality is still ensured. The ultrasonic energy transferred in this configuration could enlarge the volume of weld nugget zone. Also, the influence of ultrasonic energy on the suppression or elimination of the tunnel defect is quite apparent. However, any beneficial effects of ultrasonic vibration on the tensile strength and the elongation of the joint were less obvious in this configuration.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Double-Side Friction Stir Welds Between Medium-Thick 6061-T6 Aluminum and Pure Copper Plates

It is difficult to achieve Al/Cu dissimilar welds with good mechanical properties for medium-thick plates due to the inherent high heat generation rate at the shoulder-workpiece contact interface in conventional friction stir welding. Thus, double-side friction stir welding is innovatively applied to join 12-mm medium-thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and pure copper dissimilar plates, and the effect of welding speeds on the joint microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu welds is systematically analyzed. It reveals that a sound Al/Cu joint without macroscopic defects can be achieved when the welding speed is lower than 180 mm/min, while a nonuniform relatively thick intermetallic compound (IMC) layer is formed at the Al/Cu interface, resulting in lots of local microcracks within the first-pass weld under the plunging force of the tool during friction stir welding of the second-pass, and seriously deteriorates the mechanical properties of the joint. With the increase of welding speed to more than 300 mm/min void defects appear in the joint, but the joint properties are still better than the welds performed at low welding speed conditions since a continuous uniform thin IMCs layer is formed at the Al/Cu interface. The maximum tensile strength and elongation of Al/Cu weld are, respectively, 135.11 MPa and 6.06%, which is achieved at the welding speed of 400 mm/min. In addition, due to the influence of welding distortion of the first-pass weld, the second-pass weld is more prone to form void defects than the first-pass weld when the same plunge depth is applied on both sides. The double-side friction stir welding is proved to be a good method for dissimilar welding of medium-thick Al/Cu plates.     

2A14-T6铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊特征及接头组织性能分析

成功实现了2A14-T6高强铝合金的双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊,获得了表面成形良好,无内部缺陷的优质接头. 试验发现,在焊缝的焊核内存在一个由上、下轴肩和搅拌针所驱动的材料塑性流动交汇区,该交汇区靠近焊缝下表面. 微观分析表明,焊核上部的晶粒尺寸要小于其中部和下部的晶粒尺寸. 焊缝各区的块状第二相在焊接中发生了溶解和粗化,导致接头内出现了宽度近乎轴肩直径二倍的软化区;焊缝各层硬度分布接近,没有出现常规搅拌摩擦焊中常见的接头各层异性现象. 经拉伸测试证实,双轴肩焊接接头的强度系数达到了71%,拉伸时断在了焊核内的材料流动交汇区处.     

Repair welding process of friction stir welding groove defect

The groove defect formed in the friction stir welding dramatically deteriorates weld appearances and mechanical properties of the joints owing to its larger size and penetration. Therefore, the friction stir repair welding was utilized to remove such a groove defect, and the focus was placed on the mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics of the repair joints so as to obtain an optimum repair welding process. The experimental results indicate that the groove defect can be removed by friction stir repair welding, and the offset repair welding process is superior to the symmetrical repair welding process. In the symmetrical repair welding process, a large number of fine cavity defects and an obvious aggregation of hard-brittle phase Al2Cu occur, accordingly the mechanical properties of the repair joint are weakened, and the fracture feature of repair joint is partially brittle and partially plastic. A good-quality repair joint can be obtained by the offset repair welding process, and the repair joint is fractured near the interface between the weld nugget zone and thermal-mechanically affected zone.     

超声振动对6061-T4铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能的影响

利用自主研制的试验装置,通过工具头将超声振动能量施加在搅拌头前方的待焊工件上,研究了超声振动能量对减少焊接缺陷、改善搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和力学性能的影响.对6 mm厚度6061-T4铝合金板进行了超声振动强化搅拌摩擦焊工艺试验,并与相同工艺条件下的常规搅拌摩擦焊进行了对比.结果表明,超声振动能够减小焊速/转速比较大时的焊缝内部隧道型缺陷,增大材料对接混合区宽度和焊核区体积,细化焊核区和热力影响区微观组织,提高接头抗拉强度和焊核区显微硬度.     

铝锂合金机器人搅拌摩擦焊接头组织和性能

为降低焊接压力以适应机器人搅拌摩擦焊接的需求,采用小尺寸轴肩,在较低焊接载荷下进行搅拌摩擦焊接试验.?以单位面积焊缝热输入相同为控制原则,研究了搅拌头轴肩尺寸对2?mm厚2060-T8铝锂合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程压力、焊缝成形、接头微观组织及力学性能的影响.?结果表明,随着搅拌头轴肩尺寸的减小,所需焊接压力呈非线性下降,且...     

母材相对位置对搅拌摩擦焊接铝/铜异种金属接头性能的影响

铝、铜两种金属性能差异较大,用常规焊接方法难以实现连接,极大地限制了铝/铜复合接头的质量和应用范围.利用搅拌摩擦焊接技术成功焊接了防锈铝合金/紫铜异种金属的对接接头,通过焊缝接头表面宏观形貌观察、接头横断面组织分析及接头的抗拉强度分析母材相对位置对铝/铜搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的影响.结果表明,搅拌针相对配合面存在偏移的情况...     

搅拌摩擦焊及氩弧焊接头的组织形貌

对1060铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊和氩孤焊,对比分析了2种工艺方法对铝合金焊接接头组织演变行为的影响,结果表明：双面氩弧焊接头组织表现出明显的铸态组织,并且靠近熔池的柱状晶沿母材向对接中心线显著增大,所产生的内应力增加了晶界开裂的倾向;搅拌摩擦焊接头比氩弧焊接头具有更为细小的晶粒和狭窄的焊接热影响区。焊核区由于动态再结晶具有细小的等轴晶粒,旁边存在一个特殊的组织形貌——热机影响区域。     

20mm厚2219铝合金可回抽搅拌摩擦焊接及接头组织和性能分析

为了解决封闭环缝的焊接匙孔问题,研究了采用可回抽搅拌摩擦焊接进行匙孔消除的焊接工艺. 在厚板可回抽焊接过程中,搅拌针末端的瞬时空腔问题受体积效应影响将更为显著且更难控制. 研究了不同回抽焊接长度下20 mm中厚板2219铝合金可回抽焊接接头的内部质量、组织形貌和力学性能. 结果表明,在焊接速度100 mm/min、搅拌头转速400 r/min的参数组合下,回抽焊接区长度为200 ~ 500 mm时,可获得无内部缺陷的可回抽搅拌摩擦焊焊缝;回抽焊接区接头横截面上存在2个焊核,靠近焊缝上表面的焊核大小随着回抽过程不断减小;一次焊接、重复焊接和可回抽焊接接头的拉伸性能依次降低,且可回抽焊接接头的力学性能随着回抽距离的增长而有所提升;在实际工程应用中回抽距离500 mm为较优的参数选择.