90t顶底复吹转炉冶炼低碳钢效果分析

本文以实际生产数据为依据，重点对转炉炼钢厂1#顶底复吹转炉进行分析研究，当转炉冶炼低碳钢时，研究结果表明： a．由于过氧化现象比较严重，1#转炉的终点碳氧浓度积与理论的平衡值有一定偏差，主要原因在于冶炼后期底吹强度不够大，导致部分钢水过氧化 b．终渣碱度在4～5范围内时，磷、硫在渣-钢间的分配系数最大，脱磷、脱硫效果最好。超出这个范围，碱度无论升高或降低，脱磷效果都变差； c．终点[C]高时，炉渣中（FeO）低，炉渣氧化性低，不利于脱磷； d．终点[C]高时，炉渣中（FeO）低，炉渣氧化性低，利于脱硫； e．冶炼终点钢水温度越低、[C]越高，钢水、炉渣氧化性越低，钢水中残锰含量越高。     

120 t复吹转炉终点脱磷平衡研究

论述了120t转炉在复吹条件下的脱磷效果,讨论了复吹前后终点w(P)、w(FeO)和炉渣碱度对脱磷反应的影响,从热力学角度分析了复吹前后脱磷效果的差异.     

莱钢120t复吹转炉终点脱磷平衡研究

针对120t转炉在复吹条件下的脱磷效果,讨论了复吹前后终点w（P）、w（FeO）和炉渣碱度对脱磷反应的影响,从热力学角度分析了复吹前后脱磷效果的差异。     

低磷低硅铁水180 t复吹转炉冶炼高磷钢的工艺优化

在统计分析了转炉前期炉渣碱度和钢水温度,终点炉渣碱度、终渣全铁含量和终点钢水温度对脱磷率影响的基础上,优化了0.29%Si,0.085%P铁水180t复吹转炉的高磷钢冶炼工艺。200炉冶炼结果表明,通过使用低枪位使钢水快速脱碳升温,控制前期炉渣碱度≥2.2、终点炉渣碱度2.8~3.2,终点炉渣全铁含量≤17%,转炉出钢温度1 650~1 680℃,可控制脱磷率≤60%,终点钢水磷含量均值为0.035%。     

复吹转炉深脱磷技术在国内的应用与进展

国内钢厂采用复吹转炉深脱磷主要工艺有单渣法(冶炼低碳钢)、单炉新双渣法、两炉双联法.采用的前期脱磷工艺参数是:适当降低供氧强度、大幅度提高底吹供气强度、适当延长脱磷期时间、熔池温度控制在磷、碳氧化反应转化温度之下、控制适当的炉渣碱度和T.Fe含量,复吹转炉的脱磷效果明显.冶炼低碳钢时,终点钢水w(P)可控制到0.004 8 ％～0.008 0％,冶炼中、高碳钢时,终点钢水w(P)可控制到0.01％的水平,达到深脱磷的目的.     

120t转炉高碳出钢工艺研究和应用

理论计算高碳出钢冶炼所需的铁水比较常规工艺高2.9%。研究了转炉冶炼前期的脱磷规律。结果表明:转炉冶炼前期炉渣碱度控制在1.8～2.2,炉渣FeO含量控制在15%左右,熔池温度控制在1 400～1 450℃,转炉冶炼前期平均脱磷率可控制在75%。优化了冶炼过程的供氧制度、加料制度、底吹制度等,转炉终点碳含量可由原来的0.07%提高到0.21%,终点磷含量可由原来0.016%降低到0.011%。     

转炉生产低磷钢的脱磷反应热力学

 为实现磷质量分数小于0.010%的低磷钢批量生产,系统研究了转炉脱磷反应热力学。分析了影响转炉渣-金间磷分配比LP的主要因素,研究了P2O5活度系数和脱磷反应氧分压的定量确定方式,以及碳、磷选择性氧化问题。研究结果表明：LP主要受氧分压、P2O5活度系数和温度的影响;P2O5活度系数采用修正的柯热乌罗夫规则离子溶液模型计算较为准确;脱磷反应氧分压受炉渣氧分压控制,炉渣氧分压主要取决于钢中碳含量、炉渣碱度和温度。对传统复吹转炉生产磷质量分数小于0.010%低磷钢的工艺条件是：终渣碱度w(CaO)/w(SiO2)≥3.0,终渣w(MgO)≤9.0%,终点碳w(［C］)≤0.065%,终点温度控制在1873～1923K范围。     

复吹转炉成渣过程对脱磷的影响

复吹转炉成渣过程是指冶炼过程中炉渣的碱度、氧化性和温度等因素的变化,成渣过程决定炉渣脱磷的效果。炉渣脱磷效果受热力学和动力学条件的影响,化渣脱磷期以改善动力学条件为主,脱碳升温期以改善热力学条件为主。     

顶底复吹转炉冶炼低碳钢的工艺研究

以实际生产数据为依据,分析研究涟钢1座100 t顶底复吹转炉冶炼低碳钢08Al(%:≤0.08C、0.17～0.37Si、0.25～0.65Mn、≤0.030P、≤0.030S、0.015～0.65Als)的工艺。发现其冶炼后期底吹强度足,导致部分钢水过氧化,实际终点碳氧浓度积与理论的平衡值有一定偏差;转炉终渣碱度在4～5时,磷、硫在渣-钢间的分配系数最大,脱磷、脱硫效果最好,其终点[C]高,(FeO)低,炉渣氧化性低,不利于脱磷但利于脱硫;冶炼终点钢水温度越低,[C]越高,钢水、炉渣氧化性越低,钢水中残锰含量越高。     

转炉炼钢脱硫历程及其影响因素

研究了转炉炼钢脱硫历程及脱硫的影响因素,分析了冶炼过程中钢水硫的质量分数和炉渣脱硫能力随时间的变化及分析,以及炉渣脱硫能力与炉渣碱度、氧化性、钢水中碳的关系等。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.