非小细胞肺癌术前CT检查对比术后纵膈淋巴结转移的研究

目的:探讨术前CT检查对非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer NSCLC)患者肺门纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法:分析我院52例行手术治疗的NSCLC患者,全部患者均有术前CT肺门纵隔淋巴结描述以及术后病理检查淋巴结转移的结果。结果:CT检查对NSCLC肺门纵隔淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏性为67.4%、特异性为84.4%和诊断符合率为80.8%。结论:CT是评价NSCLC患者肺门纵隔淋巴结转移的重要检查手段,根据淋巴结直径大小能够提供有效的纵隔淋巴结转移信息。     

肺癌肺门、纵隔淋巴结转移及纵隔胸壁直接侵犯的 CT 评价——附55例 CT 与手术病理对照

本文分析了55例肺癌的术前胸部CT 检查,并与术后病理对照,着重探讨了肺癌的肺门及纵隔淋巴结转移、纵隔及胸壁直接侵犯的CT 诊断的准确性。指出CT 诊断纵隔淋巴结转移是可靠的;对肺门淋巴结,由于肺门大血管的影响,有时会造成误诊,而对于直径小于1.0cm 的淋巴结转移.CT 无法诊断;对纵隔及胸壁的侵犯,典型的诊断可靠,不典型时诊断困难.     

PET/CT综合分析法联合密度比对NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值分析

目的探讨正电子发射体层显像(PET)/计算机体层成像(CT)综合分析法联合淋巴结与纵隔血池密度比对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断价值。方法选取本院75例行PET/CT检查的NSCLC患者临床资料,记录患者病灶标准化最大摄取值(SUV_(max))和淋巴结SUV_(max)、淋巴结短径、纵隔血池CT密度值等情况,并计算淋巴结与纵隔血池密度的比值。以术后病理结果为金标准,通过绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估PET/CT综合分析法联合密度比对诊断患者纵隔淋巴结转移的预测价值。结果 75例患者中,共检出淋巴结377枚,其中良性淋巴结321枚,纵隔淋巴结转移56枚。相比良性淋巴结者,纵隔淋巴结转移者淋巴结短径、病灶SUV~(max)、淋巴结SUV_(max)均明显升高,淋巴结与纵隔血池密度比明显下降(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果发现,PET/CT综合分析法联合淋巴结与纵隔血池密度比对诊断NSCLC患者纵隔淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异度及准确性分别为92.86%、85.98%、87.00%,明显高于二者单一诊断的效能。结论 PET/CT综合分析法联合淋巴结与纵隔血池密度比对NSCLC患者纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断具有较高的评估价值。     

胸部电子计算机断层扫描诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移与手术病理对照研究

目的探讨胸部电子计算机扫描（CT）检查对诊断肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的准确性。方法选择390例经手术治疗的肺癌患者,除术前采用胸部X线片检查外增加胸部CT检查,所得结果与手术及病理结果作对照分析。结果胸部CT对纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断准确性为83.8%,特异性为59.1%,敏感性为96.5%,阳性预测率82.2%,阴性预测率为89.7%。结论胸部CT检查对肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断准确性优于胸部X线片。     

中央型小细胞肺癌的CT诊断及鉴别诊断

目的:探讨中央型小细胞肺癌(Small Cell Lung Cancer,SCLC)的CT表现特点,并找出与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺结核、结节病、纵隔淋巴瘤的鉴别诊断要点。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的57例中央型SCLC、60例NSCLC,5例肺结核,2例结节病,3例纵隔淋巴病的胸部平片及CT资料,全部病例均行胸部平片和CT平扫、增强检查。结果:57例中央型SCLC,CT主要表现为沿支气管长轴生长的肺内肿块,肺门与纵隔广泛淋巴结肿大,而肺不张相对少见。NSCLC60例主要表现为肺门肿块,支气管阻塞性改变相对多见。5例肺结核表现为肺内结节和肺门、纵隔淋巴结肿大,伴有同侧和/或对侧肺内结核病灶。2例结节病,表现为双侧肺门对称性淋巴结肿大。3例纵隔淋巴病表现为中前纵隔的弥漫性软组织肿块。结论:沿支气管长轴生长的肺内肿块、肺门及纵隔淋巴结肿大。支气管阻塞改变少见,随访1～2个月,肿块体积增大1倍以上,是中央型SCLC的CT诊断要点,据此特征诊断正确率达80％。结合临床与其他检查方法可与NSCLC、肺结核、结节病、纵隔淋巴瘤鉴别。     

食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移CT与病理诊断的对照研究

目的：通过对比食管癌纵隔淋巴结转移的CT与病理诊断,探讨CT检出食管癌转移淋巴结的最小直径,为术前准备分期和制订放射治疗靶区提供指导。方法：选择110例食管癌患者,术前1周行CT检查确定纵隔淋巴结转移位置、淋巴结最小直径和数目,并与术后病理结果比较。结果：胸腔内转移淋巴结最小直径为8 mm、锁骨上窝转移淋巴结为5 mm、气管食管沟转移淋巴结为6 mm时,与淋巴结直径10 mm相比,敏感性显著提高。结论：食管癌患者CT扫描发现转移的淋巴结的最小直径可<10 mm。     

18F-FDG PET/CT显像诊断非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的临床价值

目前手术完全切除病灶是治疗NSCLC的首选方法.正确的术前分期、术后早期发现复发及转移,对提高NSCLC患者5年生存率至关重要.在肺癌的分期诊断,特别是N分期中,PET/CT显像既可发现异常的淋巴结,又可将其精确定位,提高了对N1和N2的检出率,分期更加准确.本研究对130例NSCLC初诊患者术前PET/CT检查资料进行回顾性分析,以病理结果为"金标准",探讨了18 F-FDG PET/CT显像评价NSCLC纵隔淋巴结转移的价值.     

CT对食管癌不同区域淋巴结转移诊断效能的评价

目的 评价CT检查对食管癌不同区域淋巴结转移的诊断效能.方法 回顾性分析618例行根治性切除术的食管癌病例,术前均行胸、腹部CT扫描,观察测量CT所示下颈区,上、中、下纵隔区及上腹区淋巴结的大小及个数,判断转移情况,与术后病理相对照.结果 全组淋巴结转移率为39.2%,其中中纵隔和上腹区的淋巴结转移率较高,分别为18.8%和21.4%.术前CT对食管癌淋巴结转移诊断的灵敏度、特异度、阳性预测值、阴性预测值、Youden指数分别为58.3%、70.7%、56.2%、72.5%、0.290.CT诊断下颈区淋巴结转移的灵敏度最高(50.0%),Youden指数亦最大(0.334),诊断效能最高,对下纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断,敏感性最低(仅8.7%),Youden指数只有0.074.结论术前CT扫描能比较准确地反映食管癌淋巴结转移的分布规律,其中对下颈区淋巴结转移的诊断效能最高.     

非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的胸部CT表现影像及临床分析

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结转移的胸部CT影像体征及临床特征。方法对我院行CT检查和治疗的140例NSCLC患者CT检查结果进行分析对比。结果 140例NSCLC患者中,实际发生纵隔淋巴结转移67例、未发生转移者73例,CT检出实际检出转移46例、未转移54例,敏感度68.66%;CT在2L、4L、8区、10L等区敏感度均为100%,在2L、4L、8区等区特异度均为100%;另外,CT显示真阳性淋巴结直径显著大于假阴性直径(t=4.019,P0.05)。临床特征分析,纵隔淋巴结转移组与未转移组在性别、年龄、是否吸烟、病理分型、胸膜是否凹陷、是否毛刺等上均无显著差异(P0.05);而转移组肿瘤中低分化占比显著高于未转移组(χ~2=4.432,P0.05)。结论胸部CT可帮助临床判断纵隔淋巴结是否转移及转移部位。     

能谱CT对非小细胞肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的临床价值

目的 探讨能谱CT对非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)纵隔淋巴结转移的临床诊断价值.方法 76例NSCLC患者,均进行平扫及双期增强CT扫描,计算纵隔淋巴结的双期能谱参数[如碘基值(IC)、水基值(WC)等],鉴别转移及非转移性,与病理结果进行一一对应,并与淋巴结短轴大小进行比较.结果 纵隔淋巴结110枚,其中转移57枚,良性...     

The additional value of FDG PET imaging for distinguishing N0 or N1 from N2 stage in preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer in region where the prevalence of inflammatory lung disease is high

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PET imaging and compare it with the performance of CT in mediastinal and hilar lymph node staging in potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: Fifty-nine patients with potentially resectable NSCLC who underwent preoperative PET and CT imaging were enrolled into this prospective study. All patients underwent surgical evaluation by means of mediastinoscopy with mediastinal lymph node sampling (14 patients) or thoracotomy (45 patients). RESULTS: The prevalence of lymph node metastases was 53%. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of PET were 79%, 76%, 78%, 86%, and 76% for N0 and N1 lymph nodes and 76%, 79%, 80%, 67%, and 83% for N2 lymph nodes, while those values for CT were 66%, 43%, 58%, 68%, and 43% for N0 and N1 stations and 43%, 66%, 54%, 41%, and 66% for N2 lymph nodes, respectively. PET correctly differentiated cases with mediastinal lymph node involvement (N2) from those without such involvement (N0 or N1) in 76% of cases. Statistical analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of nodal involvement showed that PET improves diagnostic accuracy significantly in the detection of both N0 or N1 and N2 status in the individual patient based on analysis, compared with CT (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). When preoperative nodal staging was compared with postoperative histopathological staging, 38 (65%) patients were correctly staged, 9 (15%) were overstaged, and 12 (20%) were understaged by PET, while 29 patients (49%) were correctly staged, 13 (22%) were overstaged, and 17 (29%) were understaged by CT. CONCLUSION: It has been clearly shown that PET is more accurate than CT for the differentiation of N0 or N1 from N2 disease in patients with NSCLC. However, PET imaging alone does not appear to be sufficient to replace mediastinoscopy for mediastinal staging in patients with lung cancer, especially in geographic regions with high granulomatous or inflammatory mediastinal disease prevalence.     

Mediastinal lymph node involvement in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation with 99mTc-tetrofosmin SPECT and comparison with CT.

In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), surgical resection offers the best chance of cure. The preoperative assessment of mediastinal lymph node involvement is crucial to selecting those patients for whom surgery is indicated. METHODS: To evaluate the possible clinical role of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin scintigraphy in the presurgical detection of mediastinal node metastases from NSCLC, we performed a prospective comparative study with CT on 83 patients (48 men, 35 women; age range, 38-81 y) with primary NSCLC (36 adenocarcinomas, 39 epidermoid squamous cell carcinomas, and 8 large cell anaplastic carcinomas). They underwent chest SPECT 20 min after (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin injection (740 MBq intravenously). The metastatic involvement of mediastinal nodes was assessed by histologic examination after mediastinoscopy or thoracotomy. Both chest CT and (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin scintigraphy were performed within 2 wk before the surgical staging. RESULTS: Metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes were found in 35 patients. (99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin imaging in assessing the mediastinal involvement yielded a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 89.6%, and an accuracy of 88.0%; CT results were 68.6%, 75.0%, and 72.3%, respectively. SPECT accuracy was significantly higher than CT accuracy (P < 0.05). However, precise anatomic localization of (99m)Tc-tetrofosmin uptake in the mediastinum was not always present on SPECT images. (99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin SPECT precisely detected the presence or absence of lymph node metastases in 33 of the 36 patients with positive CT findings (enlarged mediastinal nodes with a short axis > or =1 cm), with an accuracy (91.7%) significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of CT (66.7%). CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-Tetrofosmin SPECT is a useful presurgical noninvasive method to assess mediastinal lymph node involvement in NSCLC. In particular, it could play a clinical role in reducing the number of invasive staging surgical procedures in selected patients, especially in those with enlarged lymph nodes at CT. Fusing SPECT with CT images could further improve the interpretation of the scintigraphic data.     

术前^18F-FDG PET/CT显像对非小细胞肺癌患者中远期预后的预测价值

目的 探讨非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)根治性切除术术前^18F-脱氧葡萄糖(FDG) PET/CT显像对患者中远期预后的预测价值.方法 回顾性分析2010年4月至2016年8月间北京医院收治的70例行根治性手术且术前1个月内行^18F-FDG PET/CT显像的初诊NSCLC患者资料,其中男35例,女35例,中位年龄64岁.分析患者肺癌原发灶及纵隔或肺门淋巴结的PET/CT影像学征象[原发灶大小及最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)、纵隔或肺门高代谢淋巴结(HML) SUVmax及分布类型]并随访.研究终点为总生存(OS)期和无进展生存(PFS)期.采用Kaplan-Meier法、log-rank检验和Cox比例风险回归模型分析探讨患者生存的预后因素.结果 随访0.9~8.2年.70例患者中,31.4% (22/70)进展,24.3%(17/70)死亡.对于OS期,术前NSCLC原发灶SUVmax≥10与<10者(4.6和7.6年)、原发灶大小>3 cm与≤3 cm者(4.8和7.4年)、纵隔或肺门HML分布于肺癌同侧与位于双侧或无HML者(4.4和7.4年)、纵隔或肺门HML SUVmax≥5.0与<5.0者(3.8和7.3年)的差异均有统计学意义(x^2值:10.135~ 15.238,均P<0.01);上述组别患者PFS期(3.9和6.7年、3.8和6.6年、3.8和6.4年、3.3和6.3年)的差异亦有统计学意义(x^2值:8.410~ 14.600,均P<0.01).Cox多因素分析显示,原发灶大小和SUVmax是预测NSCLC术后OS期及PFS期的独立危险因素(均P<0.01),纵隔或肺门HML分布类型对预测NSCLC的OS期有边际意义(P=0.051).结论 NSCLC根治术术前^18F-FDG PET/CT显像中的原发灶大小和SUVmax对NSCLC术后生存期有重要的预测价值;纵隔或肺门HML分布类型对术后NSCLC的预后可能有预测价值.     

Oblique hilar tomography, computed tomography, and mediastinoscopy for prethoracotomy staging of bronchogenic carcinoma

Preoperative oblique hilar tomography was used to evaluate hilar lymph nodes in 150 patients with clinically resectable bronchogenic carcinoma. CT was also used in the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in 50 of these patients. Subsequently, all patients underwent mediastinoscopy and/or thoracotomy. Hilar and mediastinal nodes were evaluated for the presence of metastasis, and these findings were then correlated with the radiographic findings of oblique hilar tomography and CT. CT was found to be a reliable method for prethoracotomy staging of bronchogenic carcinoma and for selecting patients for mediastinoscopy. The sensitivity of CT for evaluation of mediastinal nodal metastasis was 83% and the specificity was 90%. Thus patients with negative mediastinal CT need not undergo mediastinoscopy prior to thoracotomy, while mediastinoscopy and biopsy should be done in patients with enlarged mediastinal nodes on CT. Oblique hilar tomography is an accurate method for evaluation of hilar adenopathy and for predicting mediastinal involvement by extrapolation.     

Metastasis to regional lymph nodes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: CT versus FDG PET for presurgical detection prospective study

PURPOSE: To prospectively compare the accuracy of fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) for detection of primary tumor and metastasis to individual lymph node groups and for nodal staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From February 2000 to July 2001, 81 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (78 men and three women; age range, 31-90 years; mean age, 63 years) underwent CT and FDG PET before esophagectomy and lymph node dissection. During surgery, all visible and palpable lymph nodes in the surgical fields were removed. The accuracies of CT and FDG PET for depiction of metastasis to lymph nodes were compared. RESULTS: For depiction of malignant nodal groups in each lymph node group, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, of CT were 11% (11 of 96 nodal groups), 95% (553 of 581), and 83% (564 of 677), whereas those of FDG PET were 30% (29 of 96), 90% (525 of 581), and 82% (554 of 677) (P values: < .001, .009, and .382, respectively). Twenty-eight false-positive interpretations were rendered at CT in evaluations of 11 mediastinal, four hilar, and 13 abdominal nodal groups, and 56 false-positive interpretations were rendered at FDG PET in evaluations of 23 mediastinal, 32 hilar, and one abdominal nodal group. CONCLUSION: FDG PET is more sensitive than CT for depicting nodal metastases in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. FDG PET is slightly less specific than CT for depicting metastases, but the difference in specificity between the two modalities is statistically significant. Both FDG PET and CT have low sensitivity for depicting nodal metastasis. The relatively low specificity of FDG PET for depiction of nodal metastasis compared with that of CT is caused mainly by a high rate of false-positive hilar node interpretations.     

Hilar and mediastinal lymph node metastases in malignant melanoma.

Of 65 patients with intrathoracic metastases from melanomon, 35 had metastasis to hilar or mediastinal nodes. In 28 of these 35, hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement was radiographically visible, hilar node enlargement was more commonly seen than mediastinal node enlargement. Pulmonary nodules were demonstrated radiographically in 25 of the 28 patients. Although lymph node enlargement was often asymmetric, symmetric hilar adenopathy mimicking sarcoidosis occurred in five of the 28 patients. Seven patients had unilateral involvement of lung and hilar and mediastinal nodes. In patients with melanoma, indirect metastatic spread via pulmonary nodules to hilar and mediastinal nodes may account for the frequent association of node metastases with lung nodules, the occurrence of intrathoracic adenopathy in the absence of extrathoracic node metastases, and the common finding of unilateral lung and nodal disease.     

胸部结节病的CT表现

目的 分析胸部结节病的CT表现，探讨其CT扫描和诊断价值。方法 13例胸部CT扫描患者，均在深吸气状态下摄片。在常规深吸气后屏气进行CT扫描，观察胸部淋巴结，肺部病变及胸膜病变。结果 13例均有胸部淋巴结增大，其中9例对称性两侧肺门淋巴结增大伴纵隔淋巴结增大，3例纵隔淋巴结增大伴单侧肺门淋巴结增大，1例仅有纵隔淋巴结增大而无肺门淋巴结增大。胸部病变有8例，占所有病例61．52％，表现为肺内多发结节，其中，3例伴肺内斑片状实变影，2例伴肺组织纤维化。胸膜病变仅1例，表现为胸膜多发小结节伴胸腔积液。结论 CT扫描是诊断结节病和鉴别诊断结节病的非常有效的方法，明显优于胸片。     

CT在术前评估卵巢恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移中的价值

目的探讨全腹CT在卵巢恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移术前评估中的价值。方法对136例原发性卵巢恶性肿瘤患者术前行全腹CT检查,并对淋巴结进行评估,根据部位将淋巴结转移分为腹腔及盆腔淋巴结转移。术后淋巴结组织病理学结果作为诊断淋巴结转移的金标准。结果术前CT诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤患者盆腹腔淋巴结转移的敏感度为47.2%,特异性为67.5%,PPV为48.08%,NPV为66.7%。CT预测盆腔淋巴结转移的敏感度为36.4%、特异性为76.7%、PPV为43.2%、NPV为71.3%。CT预测腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的敏感度为34.6%,特异性为75.8%,PPV为52.9%,NPV为59.5%。而进一步亚组分析的敏感度等指标并没有明显提高。结论应用腹部CT检查评价卵巢恶性肿瘤是否存在淋巴结转移的准确性有限,但对肿大淋巴结定位、与周围毗邻关系有参考价值。     

320排CT双入口灌注参数预测肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的应用价值

目的:探讨肺癌原发灶的双入口技术灌注成像参数与纵隔淋巴结转移的关系及其诊断效能.方法:对61例经术后病理证实的肺癌患者行320排CT灌注成像(CTPI)检查,运用双入口(dual-input,DI)模式对图像进行后处理,采用两独立样本t检验分析纵隔淋巴结转移与肺癌原发灶的DI-CTPI参数的关系,并运用ROC曲线分析DI-CTP参数对肺癌合纵隔淋巴结转移的诊断效能.结果:有淋巴结转移组(27例)支气管动脉血流量(BAF)高于无淋巴结转移组(34例),差异有统计学意义(t=4.173,P＜0.001);有淋巴结转移组的灌注指数(PI)低于无淋巴结转移组,差异有统计学意义(t=-3.378,P=0.001);两组肺动脉血流量(PAF)间的差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).三个参数中,BAF的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)最大(0.773),以BAF＞56.42mL/(min·100mL)作为预测肺癌纵隔淋巴结转移的临界值时,敏感度为74.1％,特异度为76.5％;PI的AUC为0.739,以PI＜41.57％作为预测纵隔淋巴结转移的临界值时,敏感度为82.4％,特异度为66.7％.结论:肺癌DI-CTPI参数对术前预测肺癌是否发生纵隔淋巴结转移有重要参考价值,从而可为肺癌的术前分期及治疗方案的制定等提供参考.