数据仓库参考模型研究

在数据仓库的建立过程中,因为时间和资金上的限制,很多时候,概念模型并没有详细的去做好,这可能会为系统的后续开发带来很多的问题,参考模型可以很好的解决这个问题。对现有数据仓库参考模型进行了分析,指出基于数据的数据仓库参考模型和基于目标的数据仓库参考模型有着各自的不足,提出了一个基于用户需求的数据仓库参考模型,该模型以用户需求为基础,以企业的业务流程为指导,使得数据仓库建立后有更好的适应性和稳定性。然后以此模型为指导,建立了一个进销存系统,从而验证本模型的有效性。     

基于模型法应对企业信息系统工程中不确定性需求

在软件工程或具体的需求工程中,用户需求通常具有不确定性.这成为了企业信息化实践中的主要问题之一;在企业信息系统工程中这尤其是一关键问题.通过扩展模型的概念、分析企业领域中可用模型的情况,提出了一种基于模型来应对用户需求之不确定性的方法.描述了应用基于模型的方法确定企业信息系统需求的基本逻辑与主要活动过程,并给出了一个应用ARIS(集成信息系统结构)参考模型库解决需求问题的实例.研究表明,基于模型的方法可用于有效地应对企业信息系统工程中的不确定性需求.     

基于用户的数据仓库参考模型研究

为了使数据仓库的建立更加快捷有效,对数据仓库参考模型的建立问题进行了研究.对现有数据仓库参考模型进行了分析,指出基于数据的数据仓库参考模型和基于目标的数据仓库参考模型有着各自的不足,提出了一个基于用户需求的数据仓库参考模型;该模型以用户需求为基础,以企业的业务流程为指导,使得数据仓库建立后有更好的适应性和稳定性.又对用户需求的获取进行了探讨,给出了一个获取用户需求的有效方法,用一个实例验证了提出的数据仓库参考模型的有效性.     

基于Viewpoint Agent的新型需求描述模型

需求工程是整个软件工程的关键部分，为了能清晰地得到软件规约，提出了一种新型的需求工程方法——基于多视点的需求代理模型。这个模型结合了多视点方法对分布式环境下的需求描述的能力和Agent的自治能力，从而能在分布式的开发环境下自动地得到软件规约。通过一个实例展示了Viewpoint Agent对基于多视点的需求描述自动进行规约的过程。     

基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估。基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域：需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验。     

基于CMM的软件过程改进实践

CMM是一种软件生产过程标准和软件企业成熟度评估标准,该标准侧重于软件开发过程的管理及工程能力的提高与评估.基于CMM理论在软件过程改进中的应用,针对软件开发过程中存在的问题,采用CMM2级项目级实践,实现4个关键过程域:需求管理、软件项目计划、软件项目跟踪和监督、软件质量保证,制定出符合项目需求和管理的规范与过程,将CMM理论应用于软件开发过程中,对项目各个环节的工作进行改进,取得良好的过程改进效果,并从中总结基于CMM模型进行过程改进的经验.     

缺陷需求分析与管理模型

需求管理是软件过程改进的重要活动,需求缺陷管理是需求管理的重要组成部分,其目的在于检测、分析、解决和预防需求缺陷.从社会因素和技术因素两大方面分析了需求工程阶段缺陷产生的原因,对缺陷进行了分类.建立了需求(模型)缺陷列表、缺陷需求分析模型和基于需求缺陷管理的需求过程模型.指出需求缺陷列表所反映的需求分析过程的数量特征,能够为评估需求工程师能力、准确和全面地定义需求成熟度、研究需求演化波及效应、研究需求模型复杂度和需求缺陷分布规律提供必要数据和有益启示.     

神经网络并联辨识算法的收敛性研究

神经网络可用来建立非线性动态系统的模型，其辨识模型可分为串联并联辨识模型和并联辨识模型两种，后者的思路源于基于参考模型自适应方案的输出误差辨识模型，对观测扰动有较强的抑制能力。本文对这种神经网络并联辨识结构的收敛性进行了研究，指出在网络参数满足一定条件时并联预测过程收敛，且并联辨识算法具有局部收敛性，仿真实验验证了上述结论。     

基于Web Services工作流管理系统新模型

在充分分析传统工作流管理联盟参考模型等相关标准的基础上,讨论了工作流的基本概念。针对目前工作流管理系统交互性弱,无法解决分布异构环境中数据传递与表示的问题,以工作流管理系统参考模型为依据,提出了一个基于Web Services的工作流管理系统新模型,该模型采用面向服务的分层架构分解复杂的业务流程,提高了系统的描述能力和跨平台能力,能够适应信息管理系统业务过程的不断重组问题,提高了应用系统开发效率。     

需求描述前的需求跟踪模型研究

对需求描述前的需求进行跟踪可以减少需求错误、有助于需求变更的处理和软件组织的过程改进。针对传统需求跟踪方法没有对需求描述前的需求跟踪提供合适支持的问题，文章剖析了需求分析过程中产生的中间产品及其之间的各种关联，基于分析结果，提出了一个需求描述前的需求跟踪模型，包括过程模型和数据模型：过程模型描述跟踪过程，数据模型描述原始需求和中间产品。最后应用模型跟踪一个设备租赁系统中费用计算的需求，结果表明利用该模型能够准确跟踪到需求来源，发现需求错误、遗漏和不一致，并消除错误影响，从而改进需求质量，其有效性得到了验证。     

An Industrial Case Study of Immediate Benefits of Requirements Engineering Process Improvement at the Australian Center for Unisys Software

This paper describes an industrial experience in process improvement at one of the Unisys development labs in Australia. Following a capability maturity model (CMM) mini-assessment, the organization is undertaking significant changes in the requirements management process, which include the introduction of group session approaches to requirements analysis and a structured method for writing requirements. An empirical evaluation which investigated other aspects of the process improvement than the CMM model indicates tangible benefits as well as perceived long-term benefits during design and testing. Findings confirm that a more thorough requirements analysis results in more clearly defined, better understood and specified requirements, and an enhanced ability to address the market needs and product strategy requirements. The catalyst behind these improvements included project management leadership, managing the human dimension, collaboration among stakeholders and senior management support.     

软件过程集成框架SPIF对CMMI中测量相关过程域的支持

软件测量是软件工程研究的核心问题之一。CMMI作为广泛流行的一个能力成熟度模型,软件测量是其中一个重要的组成部分。软件过程集成框架SPIF中实现的软件测量主要是对应于CMMI中与软件测量有关的过程域。介绍了这些过程域在SPIF中的实现以及SPIF对软件开发能力的评估和开发过程的改善所起到的作用。     

Defining a Requirements Process Improvement Model

Both software organisations and the academic community are aware that the requirements phase of software development is in need of further support. We address this problem by creating a specialised Requirements Capability Maturity Model (R-CMM¹). The model focuses on the requirements engineering process as defined within the established Software Engineering Institute’s (SEI’s) software process improvement framework. Our empirical work with software practitioners is a primary motivation for creating this requirements engineering process improvement model. Although all organisations in our study were involved in software process improvement (SPI), they all showed a lack of control over many requirement engineering activities.This paper describes how the requirements engineering (RE) process is decomposed and prioritised in accordance with maturity goals set by the SEI’s Software Capability Maturity Model (SW CMM). Our R-CMM builds on the SEI’s framework by identifying and defining recommended RE sub-processes that meet maturity goals. This new focus will help practitioners to define their RE process with a view to setting realistic goals for improvement.Sarah Beecham is a research fellow in the Department of Maths and Computing in The Open University in the UK. She is currently working on the EPSRC funded CRESTES project () looking into modelling resource estimation for long-lived software. She has recently completed her PhD for a program of work entitled “A Requirements-based Software Process Maturity Model”. Current research interests are in estimation for software evolution and maintenance and in the general areas of software process improvement. Her particular research interests are in empirical methods in software engineering and requirements engineering.Tracy Hall leads the Systems & Software Research Group in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Hertfordshire. She specialises in the empirical investigation of technical and non-technical issues within software engineering. During the past ten years Tracy has successfully collaborated with many companies on a variety of research projects. She is very active in the Empirical Software Engineering community and is regularly invited to talk about empirical methods both in the UK and abroad. Tracy is an accomplished researcher having published over twenty high quality journal papers.Austen Rainer Austen Rainer is a senior lecturer at the University of Hertfordshire. He studied for his PhD at Bournemouth University, in conjunction with IBM Hursley Park. His current research interests include open source software development, longitudinal case study research, and the credibility of empirical evidence for researchers and software practitioners.     

A loss-function based approach for evaluating reliability improvement of an engineering design

The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship among multivariate process capability indices, expected losses and design reliability for the nominal-the-better case so the likelihood and consequence resulting from the failure of a multi-characteristic engineering design can be evaluated simultaneously. This new approach provides reliability practitioners a decision making tool in performing the quantitative evaluation of reliability improvement for a multi-characteristic engineering design. Both the impact of process capability indices on the expected loss and its associated reliability can be clearly understood. Finally, a realistic example in geotechnical application is given to demonstrate how the expected losses can be estimated by the multivariate process capability indices. Then, practicing reliability managers and engineers will be able to accurately evaluate the reliability improvement results of a multi-characteristic engineering design by conducting a decision tree analysis.     

CMM模型及对软件过程的改进

CMM提供了一个评估软件开发过程管理改进的框架和工程能力的标准，并给出了软件过程不断进化的科学途径，它标志着软件工程技术的一个突破性发展，其改进软件过程的目标取决于企业的商业目标和当前的技术水平。系统地介绍了产生CMM模型的来源、内容及对软件过程的改进，目的是进一步加深理解CMM框架及其对软件过程改进的指导，有效地达到软件过程持续改进的效果。     

A Framework for Improving the Requirements Engineering Process Management

This paper presents a system dynamics model for improving the requirements engineering process management. The paper argues that improving RE process management improves the quality of the specification produced. It uses a simulation modelling approach to capture the complex and dynamic nature of quality and also the cost of resources and time needed to complete the process. Current claims by various researchers and empirical evidence has led to our proposition that “the earlier in the requirements engineering phase that system dynamics simulation modelling is used, the more effective the RE process management is and the better its product quality will be.” In developing such a model, the paper fills an important gap in the RE process management literature and has potential to provide requirement engineers, managers and software development organisations with a model-based process framework to aid quality assessment and improvement. The paper concludes by suggesting that the framework makes a useful contribution both in providing the foundations for theory building in RE process management and quality improvement by aiding shared understanding through learning and training situations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

基于CMMI的软件过程度量

软件度量已经逐渐成为了软件工程领域中极其重要的一部分。该文提出了一种软件过程的度量模型。在该模型中定义了与实施软件过程度量有关的活动。并在此基础上,重点阐述和说明了数据收集、认证和分析的目标、任务以及方法。文中还给出了一个把该模型应用于大型软件公司的实例,以说明该模型能够有效地评估并改进软件过程。该文的研究结果对改进软件过程、增加组织的过程能力成熟度是很有帮助的。     

A market-driven requirements engineering process: Results from an industrial process improvement programme

In market-driven software evolution, the objective of a requirements engineering process include the envisioning and fostering of new requirements on existing packaged software products in a way that ensures competitiveness in the marketplace. This paper describes an industrial, market-driven requirements engineering process which incorporates continuous requirements elicitation and prioritisation together with expert cost estimation as a basis for release planning. The company has gained a measurable improvement in delivery precision and product quality of their packaged software. The described process will act as a baseline against which promising new techniques can be evaluated in the continuation of the improvement programme.     

基于CMMI的过程管理支持框架

开发出满足用户需求的、高质量的产品是企业追求的目标,而要实现这一目标的关键是建立起一个稳定、可控、可重用的软件过程。CMMI正是一种指导企业实施过程改进以及综合评价组织能力成熟度的模型。但是如何有效地实施CMMI,是许多企业遇到的问题。本文以过程资产库为核心,基于工作流模型实现流程控制,并通过过程培训、过程执行、过程评估和过程改进的循环步骤,论述了实施CMMI3级过程管理的支持框架及工具的实现。