磁共振扩散加权成像在肝癌TACE术后随访中的定性和定量应用

目的探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在肝癌经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)后随访中定性和定量评价残留或复发肿瘤组织的能力。方法对16例行TACE术后肝癌患者分别进行DWI、上腹部增强CT和DSA造影检查。DWI检查取扩散敏感梯度因子(b值为0及500s/mm~2),利用固定参数组合的自旋回波-平面回波(SE-EPI)序列。与上腹部增强CT和DSA造影检查相对照,观察碘化油沉积灶、肿瘤坏死组织和肿瘤组织在DWI上的信号特征;分别测量TACE术后病灶的ADC值和对应的CF最大强化值,并作相关性分析。结果DWI显示TACE术后病灶内部信号较复杂,2例(2/16)病灶碘油沉积完整,DSA检查无肿瘤染色,CT图像显示为完整的碘化油沉积灶,DWI为均匀低信号;2例(2/16)病灶为碘油沉积但出现局部缺损,DSA检查可见缺损区肿瘤染色,DWI图像上碘油沉积区表现为低信号,肿瘤染色区为高信号;12例(12/16)病灶DSA检查可见无或稍许碘油沉积,造影见大量肿瘤染色,其内可见无或轻微染色的缺血、坏死肿瘤组织,DWI图像上肿瘤染色区域表现为高信号,缺血坏死区为低或较低信号;对14例(14/ 16)病灶内肿瘤组织的ADC值与其最大CF强化值进行相关性分析,两者存在相关性(r=-0.76490,P<0.01)。结论DWI是一种灵敏的检测肝癌TACE术后肝内新发病灶的无创性成像方法,可监测TACE术后病灶残留或复发活组织和坏死情况,小b值(500s/mm~2)的ADC值可在一定程度上反映肿瘤的血供,可以用于肝癌TACE术后随访。     

3.0 T MRI动态增强扫描对肝细胞肝癌介入治疗疗效的评价

目的:评价3.0T MRI动态增强扫描监测肝细胞肝癌(HCC)经肝动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)及射频消融(RFA)治疗后肿瘤残存或复发的价值。方法:选择40例经TACE或RFA治疗后的HCC患者,于TACE或RFA治疗后2～3个月内行MRI检查,MRI检查后2～4d内行DSA检查,观察MRI动态增强扫描各时相病灶的MRI征象和时间-信号强度曲线,判断原发病灶有无肿瘤残存或复发以及有无新发病灶,并与DSA、临床资料对照。结果:40例HCC患者共发现88个病灶,MRI动态增强扫描显示48个坏死灶,40个病灶有肿瘤残存或复发;DSA结合临床检查显示47个病灶为肿瘤坏死,41个病灶有肿瘤残存或复发。与DSA结合临床检查相比,MRI动态增强扫描发现肿瘤残存或复发的一致性好(Kappa值=0.931,P<0.05),敏感性97.9%,特异性95.1%,阳性预测值95.8%,阴性预测值97.5%,诊断正确率96.6%。结论:3.0T MRI动态增强扫描能清楚显示HCC经TACE或RAF治疗后原发病灶残存或复发,是评价HCC介入治疗疗效的理想方法。     

MR-DWI技术对肝癌TACE术后的应用评价

目的:探讨应用磁共振(MR)扩散加权成像(DWI)对经导管肝动脉栓客化疗(TACE)术后肝癌病灶栓塞效果进行评价的技术可行性.方法:31例肝癌患者TACE术后次日行DWI检查,SE-EPI序列,并与DSA结果对照分析.结果:TACE术后DSA显示39个病灶,34个病灶碘油沉积较好,5个病灶碘油沉积不完全.DWI显示42个病灶,32个病灶碘油沉积完全,7个病灶碘油沉积不完全,3个病灶未见碘油沉积.碘油沉积区和肿瘤坏死区DWI呈低信号,肿瘤残留区DWI呈高信号.结论:结合常规MR DWI能评价TACE栓塞效果技术上完全可行.     

原发性肝癌肝动脉化疗碘油栓塞后的MRI诊断价值

目的 研究MRI检查技术，尤其是FSET2WI和多时相快速动态增强扫描评价原发性肝癌动脉化疗碘油栓塞后（TACE）的影像学表现，探讨其临床应用价值。方法收集2000年9月至2004年7月肝癌病例30例（共37个病灶），于TACE后2～6个月行GE1．5TMRI检查，并于MRI检查后2～6d行DSA检查。研究肝癌TACE后肿瘤的坏死或存活的MRI信号特点，以及MRI和DSA在显示肿瘤存活结果的符合情况。结果37个肝癌TACE术后病灶中，MRI明确判断21个病灶有肿瘤残存，16个病灶凝固坏死明显。MRI判断病灶残存的敏感性为91．3％，特异性100％，准确性94．6％。与DSA相比无明显统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论FSET2WI和多时相快速动态增强扫描序列相结合，同时观察病灶周围的完整与否，可以准确地判断肝癌TACE后肿瘤的坏死或残存。作为一种无创伤性检查。可以作为评价肝癌TACE术后疗效的首选检查。     

原发性肝癌碘油栓塞后MRI随访临床应用研究--兼与DSA和临床随访对比

目的　对比分析MRI和DSA评价原发性肝细胞癌 (HCC)经导管动脉化疗栓塞 (TACE)治疗后原发病灶肿瘤残存和肝内新病灶的价值。资料与方法　 6 8例TACE治疗的HCC患者 ,共有原发病灶 92个。患者于治疗后2～ 9个月行MRI检查 ,MRI检查后 0～ 7天行DSA。评价MRI和DSA显示原发病灶残存和肝内新病灶结果的符合情况 ,并与临床 6个月以上随访 (平均 10 .4个月 )结果相对比。结果　 (1) 92个原发病灶中 ,6 1个病灶MRI和DSA均显示有肿瘤残存 ,2 6个无肿瘤残存 ,两者的总体相符率为 94 .6 % (87/ 92 )。 18例患者MRI和DSA均显示有肝内新病灶 ,4 7例无新病灶 ,两者总体相符率为 95 .6 % (6 5 / 6 8)。 (2 )以临床随访结果为标准 ,MRI显示原发病灶肿瘤残存的敏感性为 93.9% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 95 .7% ,DSA的敏感性为 98.5 % ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 98.9% ,两者无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。MRI显示肝内新病灶的敏感性为 85 .7% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 95 .6 % ,DSA的敏感性、特异性和准确性均为 10 0 % ,两者亦无统计学差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　MRI和DSA均能清楚显示HCCTACE治疗后原发病灶肿瘤残存和肝内新病灶 ,两者有很高的符合率。MRI为无创伤性检查技术 ,便于临床随访采用 ,并能准确评价TACE疗效     

原发性肝癌TACE术后CT和DSA随访对比分析

目的 评价CT和DSA_在原发性肝癌TACE治疗后肿瘤残存和复发的诊断价值.方法 对临床确诊45例原发性肝癌患者,分别于1～4次肝癌TACE治疗后1～6个月行CT和DSA复查,2项检查间隔时间为3～5 d.分析和比较CT和DSA对肿瘤残存和复发的显示情况.结果 碘油沉积形态可分3种类型:密整型,缺损型,稀少型.密整型9例(20.0%,9/45),CT与DSA 6个,H内复查均未见复发.缺损型32例(71.1%,32/45),32例中DSA示27例病灶残存或复发,CT双期动态增强扫描显示19例残存或复发,CT于动脉期见病灶显著强化者16例,门静脉期进一步强化者3例(提示有门静脉参与供血),DSA发现该区有明显染色及供血,另有8例CT与DSA表现不一致,CT双期增强无强化,但DSA可见肿瘤血供及肿瘤染色;稀少型4例(8.9%,4/45),CT双期增强轻度强化,DSA提示肿瘤为少血供.结论 肝癌TACE治疗后CT平扫及双期增强CT扫描可作为显示肿瘤残存和复发的首选检查方法,DSA是观察肿瘤变化和评价疗效的最敏感和特异的方法;两者的结合对病灶的显示和后续治疗作出更好指导.     

原发性肝癌TACE后CT和MRI随访的对照研究

目的　对比分析CT和MRI评价原发性肝癌TACE治疗后肿瘤残存和病灶稳定性的能力。方法　 2 8例原发性肝癌患者 ,分别于 1～ 4次肝TACE治疗后 2～ 6月行CT、MRI和动脉造影 ,3项检查均于 1月内完成。以动脉造影和临床随访 6个月以上的结果为标准 ,分析和比较CT和MRI对肿瘤残存的显示情况。结果　 2 8例患者共有病灶 46个。动脉造影和临床随访证实无肿瘤残存病灶 15个 ,有肿瘤残存病灶 3 1个。CT判断有肿瘤残存病灶 2 0个 ,无肿瘤残存或无法判断的病灶 2 6个 ,其敏感性为64.5% ,特异性为 10 0 % ,准确性为 76.1%。MRI判断有肿瘤残存病灶 2 9个 ,无肿瘤残存病灶 17个 ,其敏感性为 93 .5% ,特异性为10 0 % ,准确性为 95.7%。CT和MRI判断肿瘤残存的敏感性和准确性均有明显差异 (Ρ <0 .0 1)。结论　CT可清晰显示肝TACE治疗后碘油在病灶内分布情况。MRI能更清楚地显示肝TACE治疗后肿瘤坏死和残存 ,从而更准确地评价肝TACE疗效。并且MRI更能鉴别无碘油沉积区是肿瘤残存或肿瘤自然坏死、出血或纤维化等情况。     

原发性肝癌经肝动脉化疗栓塞术后16层螺旋CT表现与血清AFP变化相关性分析

目的 探讨原发性肝细胞性肝癌(HCC)介入治疗后16层螺旋CT表现与血清甲胎蛋白(AFP)含量变化的关系.方法 对42例HCC患者,均行经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE),术后3～4周行上腹部平扫及双期增强扫描,观察碘油沉积范围和肿瘤强化范围,并同时测定患者血清AFP水平并计算治疗前后其下降百分率,使用统计软件分析两者的相关性.结果 42例HCC患者TACE术后,肿瘤强化范围0%～100%不等,其中＜25% 5例,25%～50% 15例,＞50% 22例,与患者血清AFP含量下降百分率呈负相关( r =-0.776,P＜0.05 ).碘油沉积范围0%～100%不等,其中无碘油沉积4例,＜25% 12例,25%～50% 16例,＞50% 10例,与血清AFP含量下降百分率呈正相关(r=0.907,P＜0.05 ).结论 HCC患者TACE后16层螺旋CT表现与血清AFP含量下降百分率具相关性,可以作为介入治疗效果的评价指标.     

CT灌注成像在肝癌TACE术后疗效评价中的应用价值

目的 探讨双源CT灌注成像(CTPI)在HCC TACE术后疗效评价中的价值.方法 对24例HCC患者于TACE术前1～3 d、术后6～8 d和30～40 d分别行双源CT灌注扫描,经肝脏CT灌注软件得到肝动脉灌注量(HAP)、门静脉灌注量(PVP)、肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)等彩色灌注图,在图像上分别测定相应的灌注参数值,观察TACE治疗前后肿瘤组织的血流灌注变化及肿瘤的大小改变,评价TACE治疗肿瘤的疗效.结果 TACE术前9例肿瘤呈均匀高灌注,15例呈不均匀高灌注.术后8例瘤灶内碘油沉积密实,16例碘油沉积不均.灌注图像显示碘油沉积区域无血流灌注,碘油稀疏及缺乏区域仍有血流灌注.所有患者术前、术后6～8 d及肿瘤残留患者复发前后的肿瘤组织HAP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而PVP则差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术前、术后6～8 d肿瘤最大径以及肿瘤残留患者复发前后肿瘤最大径均无明显变化(P＞0.05).TACE术后,16例残瘤组织及正常肝组织HAP、PVP、HPI差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 CT灌注成像能直观和定量地反映肝癌TACE前后的血流动力学变化,有助于TACE疗效的评价.     

磁共振扩散加权成像在肝癌化疗栓塞术后随访中的应用

目的 探讨MR扩散加权成像(DWI)在肝癌化疗栓塞术后随访中的临床价值.方法 对l6例行TACE术的肝癌患者分别进行DWI,与DSA造影检查相对照,其中3例附加PET/CT检查;分别测量病灶的ADC值并对比肝内转移灶与原发灶的ADC值.结果 DSA显示18个病灶,碘油沉积良好者11处,其余7处沉积欠佳;对比碘油沉积良好组与沉积欠佳组的ADC值,两者之间差距有统计学意义(P<0.01),沉积欠佳组ADC值低于良好组;沉积良好组术前ADC值与术后相比有所升高,与术前相比,差距有统计学意义,而沉积欠佳组变化不明显.正常肝实质的ADC值术前与术后无明显变化(P＞0.05).另外, DWI发现12处肝内转移灶,转移灶与原发灶之间ADC值对比,两者差距有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 DWI可以敏感地发现转移性病灶,也可以用来评价TACE的栓塞效果.     

DSA和钆塞酸二钠增强MRI对肝癌术后复发微小病灶诊断的比较研究

目的 对比研究DSA和钆塞酸二钠(Gd-EOB-DTPA)增强MRI对肝癌术后复发微小病灶的诊断效能,评估其诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析2011年9月至2016年3月收治的肝癌术后怀疑有微小复发病灶的患者38例,所有患者均经过DSA、DSA碘油CT和Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI检查,对比分析各检查方法诊断的阳性和阴性病例,计算诊断的灵敏度和特异度,所有病例均由2名放射科副主任医师根据诊断标准独立诊断,以手术或者穿刺病理结果以及至少6个月随访作为最终诊断依据.结果 38例患者,共发现47个病灶,病灶直径0.5～2.0 cm,平均(1.2±0.8)cm,其中41个病灶证实为复发微小肝癌,22个有病理结果,其余19个病灶经过随访证实.6个病灶为非肝癌病灶,全部由随访证实.所有病灶中,常规DSA诊断的灵敏度为73.2％,特异度为80.0％.DSA结合碘油CT诊断的灵敏度为90.2％,特异度为100％.Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI诊断的灵敏度为95.1％,特异度为100％.诊断效能之间统计学分析显示,常规DSA-DSA碘油CT以及常规DSA-MRI之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),碘油CT与MRI间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对肝癌术后的微小肝癌结节,DSA联合碘油CT的诊断效能和Gd-EOB-DTPA增强MRI类似,对于临床上不适合做MRI的患者,可以考虑采用DSA联合碘油CT作为替代检查手段.     

Local Therapeutic Results of Computed Tomography-Guided Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Results of 265 Tumors in 79 Patients

Purpose To elucidate the local therapeutic results of computed tomography (CT)-guided transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) as initial treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to verify factors which affect local therapeutic results. Methods From 1992 to 2002, 265 tumors of 79 HCC patients were treated by 139 sessions of CT-guided TACE as initial treatment. Among these 265 tumors, 182 constituted multiple new lesions, and the remaining 83 tumors were single new lesions. Local recurrence was retrospectively ascertained on follow-up CT images obtained after TACE. Results The overall local recurrence-free rates (LR-FRs) after a single TACE session at 6, 12, and 36 months were 67%, 49%, and 28%; those of the single new lesions were 80%, 66%, and 32%; and those of tumors with complete lipiodol accumulation were 82%, 68%, and 41%, respectively. LR-FRs of tumors of the single new lesions, and those of tumors with complete lipiodol accumulation, were significantly higher than the LR-FRs of multiple new lesions and tumors with incomplete lipiodol accumulation, respectively. For single new lesions ≤4 cm and the tumors that were one of multiple new lesions, there were no significant differences in the LR-FRs regarding the number of TACE sessions on the basis of patient, tumor location, or tumor size. Conclusion Local therapeutic results of single new lesions were better than those of multiple new lesions, and the local therapeutic effect of TACE was not affected by the number of treatments on the basis of patient, tumor location, or tumor size.     

经肺动脉灌注碘油对肺转移瘤的血供研究

目的 通过肺动脉灌注少量碘油研究肺动脉与肺转移瘤的血供关系.方法 10例肺转移瘤患者,其中原发灶为肝癌5例、肾癌3例、脊索瘤1例和恶性神经纤维瘤1例.胸部CT平扫排除钙化;肺动脉插管造影观察有无肿瘤血管和染色.超选到转移瘤所在肺叶动脉造影排除肺动静脉瘘及其他异常交通循环,确定管头位置后严格透视下释放少量碘油,肺叶动脉用量0.5～1.5 ml,总量不超过3 ml.随即送至CT室平扫,观察碘油沉积情况.结果 除2例患者肺动脉注入碘油后出现胸闷咳嗽外,余均无不适症状.共观察27个转移灶,全部病例未见肺动脉增粗或肺动脉肿瘤染色征象,6个结节内碘油积聚呈云雾样,5个肿块内碘油积聚呈散在细小砂粒样,另有16个结节无明显碘油积聚.结论 肺动脉部分参与肺转移瘤的供血,对于肺野外带转移灶其供血比例较高;经肺动脉灌注少量碘油是安全的,肺野的密度升高在一段时间后可以恢复正常.     

Effects of lipiodol retention on MRI signal intensity from hepatocellular carcinoma and surrounding liver treated by chemoembolization

Opinion is divided regarding the influence of iodized oil on MRI signal intensity of hepatic tumours treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE), in which lipiodol deposits. The aim of our study was to ascertain whether or not lipiodol directly influences the MRI signal intensity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated by TACE and that of the surrounding liver. Thirteen patients with HCC were studied retrospectively. CT and MRI scans were performed both before and 3 months after TACE. The CT scan was performed to check whether embolized nodules contained lipiodol and how lipiodol was distributed within them. In addition, eight patients were examined prospectively within 7 days after TACE. In these patients a CT scan was performed to see how lipiodol was distributed in the neoplastic nodules and in normal hepatic parenchyma. In the first group of patients the contrast-to-noise (C/N) ratio on T1-weighted (T1W) images and the T2 relaxation time on T2-weighted (T2W) images were calculated for both neoplasm and surrounding liver. In the second group of patients we also measured the signal intensity of non-neoplastic liver that was either permeated or not permeated by lipiodol. The data were analysed with Wilcoxon's test. On T1W images we observed that the retention of lipiodol increased the C/N ratio in all the tumours studied within 1 week after TACE. In the patients studied 3 months after TACE the C/N ratio was not significantly increased. On T2W images lipiodol retention did not change tumour signal intensity. The iodized oil did not change the signal intensity of the liver surrounding the tumour, in comparison with the liver not permeated by lipiodol, on either T1W or T2W images. The results indicate that lipiodol does not modify the signal intensity in non-neoplastic hepatic parenchyma in which it is deposited; after 3 months it does not significantly affect the signal of the tumours that accumulated it. Lipiodol produces a high signal on T1W images over the first few days following TACE in those tumours in which it is deposited. Received 21 June 1995; Revision received 22 January 1996; Accepted 24 January 1996     

CT灌注成像评价肝细胞癌TACE前后血供的初步经验

目的:探讨经导管动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗肝细胞癌(HCC)前后血流灌注变化。材料和方法:对21例HCC患者TACE治疗前、后1个月行CT灌注成像扫描,测量肿瘤组织治疗前后肝动脉灌注值(HAP)、门静脉灌注值(HPP)及肝动脉灌注指数(HPI)。结果:治疗前7例肿瘤组织肝动脉灌注图呈均匀高灌注,14例呈不均匀高灌注,液化坏死区无血流灌注。门静脉灌注图,20例呈低灌注,1例无血流灌注。TACE后肿瘤组织HAP及HPI显著减少,HPP无明显变化。5例病灶碘油完全充填,16例病灶部分区域碘油充填,碘油区无血流灌注,肿瘤残留区仍有血流灌注。结论:CT灌注成像为评价TACE疗效提供了一个新方法。     

18F-FDG PET/CT在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的评价18F-FDG PET/CT对介入治疗后残留病灶的作用;分析碘油沉积状态和肿瘤残留灶的关系;探讨18F-FDG PET/CT的应用范围及在介入治疗中的价值.方法22例结节型或巨块型原发性肝癌患者(平均最大径8.1 cm),在动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)或动脉栓塞化疗序贯联合射频消融(RFA)治疗后行18F-FDG PET/CT检查.检查结果阳性者,分析残留灶和沉积碘油的关系,并在PET-CT指导下对其作进一步的介入治疗.检查结果阴性者,用影像学和血清AFP随访6个月,以判断是否为真阴性.结果全组有21例患者经介入治疗后病灶内有碘油沉积.其中3例TACE后的病灶在有无碘油沉积的部位均可见残留灶.18例TACE序贯RFA治疗的病例中有11例存在残留灶,其中9例位于碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区;2例残留灶仅存在于非碘油沉积区;另外7例PET/CT显示阴性,但其中1例经随访证实为假阴性.按照PET/CT所示的残留灶作进一步的介入治疗,又有5例存在残留灶的患者达到了局部根治.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对大肝癌介入治疗后的残留病灶探测具有较高的灵敏度.介入治疗后的病灶,无论是碘油沉积区还是非碘油沉积区都可能有残留病灶存在.18F-FDG PET/CT可以用于介入治疗后的疗效评价,并能对进一步的介入治疗起到靶向指导作用.     

Clinical utility and limitations of tumor-feeder detection software for liver cancer embolization

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical utility and limitations of a computer software program for detecting tumor feeders of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during transarterial chemoembolization (TACE).

Materials and methods

Forty-six patients with 59 HCC nodules underwent nonselective digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and C-arm computed tomography (CT) in the same hepatic artery. C-arm CT data sets were analyzed using the software to identify potential tumor feeders during each TACE session. For DSA analysis, 3 radiologists were independently assigned to identify tumor feeders using the DSA images in a separate session. The sensitivity of the 2 techniques in detecting tumor feeders was compared, with TACE findings as the reference standard. Factors affecting the failure of the software to detect tumor feeders were assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

We detected 65 tumor feeders supplying 59 HCC nodules during TACE sessions. The sensitivity of the software to detect tumor feeders was significantly higher than that of the manual assessment using DSA (87.7% vs. 71.8%, P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a tumor feeder diameter of <1.0 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 56.3; P = 0.003) and lipiodol accumulation adjacent to the tumor (HR, 11.4; P = 0.044) were the significant predictors for failure to detect tumor feeders.

Conclusion

The software analysis was superior to manual assessment with DSA in detecting tumor feeders during TACE for HCC. However, the capability of the software to detect tumor feeders was limited by vessel caliber and by prior lipiodol accumulation to the tumor.