纳米Al2O3改性环氧胶黏剂和钢铁附着机理的研究

通过拉拔法测定纳米Al₂O₃改性环氧胶黏剂和钢铁之间的附着强度,并结合环氧胶的表面能参数测定以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析,对纳米Al₂O₃提高环氧胶和钢铁附着力的机理进行研究.表面能测定结果表明,添加纳米Al₂O₃使环氧胶的极性增加;XPS能谱分析结果表明,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数达到2%时,环氧胶中形成新的羧基极性基团;进一步研究发现,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数为1%时未形成新的羧基基团,当纳米Al₂O₃质量分数为8%时单位接触面积上新的羧基基团的数目较2%时少,这与附着强度的变化规律是一致的.因此,纳米Al₂O₃改性的环氧胶黏剂与钢铁的附着强度的增强是由于Al₂O₃与环氧胶的相互作用形成了新的羧基极性基团．     

负载型γ-Al2O3三维粒子电极的制备及其对氯霉素的降解

以γ-Al₂O₃为载体,将Ti和Sn两种元素进行负载制备负载型γ-Al₂O₃粒子电极,采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线荧光光谱（XRF）、红外光谱（IR）对γ-Al₂O₃和负载型γ-Al₂O₃粒子电极进行表征。研究了电解时间对三维粒子电极法电催化氧化氯霉素的影响。采用初始浓度100 mg/L的CAP模拟废水,持续电解3 h后,制备的粒子电极通过三维电解对CAP去除率为72.8%,对TOC去除率低于3.7%,说明负载型γ-Al₂O₃粒子电极对氯霉素矿化作用较小。三维粒子电极对氯霉素的降解过程近似符合一级动力学方程,CAP初始浓度对去除率影响较小。粒子电极电催化氧化CAP的关键因素之一为·OH,外加叔丁醇对·OH进行清洗,相同条件下,氯霉素去除率降低至30%左右,表明氯霉素的降解是由阳极氧化和·OH间接氧化两种途径协同作用的。     

基于双金属MOFs 制备Co3O4/In2O3 复合物及其气敏性能的研究

以硝酸铟(In(NO₃)₃·xH₂O)、对苯二甲酸(H₂BDC)、六水合硝酸钴(Co(NO₃)· 6H₂O) 为原料, 首先采用一锅油浴法合成了含有Co²⁺ 的铟基金属有机框架材料(MOFs) Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) 材料, 然后在450 ℃ 下焙烧制备Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物气敏材料, 将Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物的粉体制作成传感器, 并对其气敏性能进行研究。利用扫描电子显微镜和X 射线衍射仪(XRD) 对双金属MOFs Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) 材料和Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物进行表征, 采用静态配气法测试其气敏性能。结果表明, Co₃O₄/In₂O₃(n_Co : n_In = 0.4 : 1) 样品的形貌保留了其MOFs 前驱体的棒状结构, 棱柱形框架更为突出, 表面呈凹陷状, 棒体中间粗两边细, 六角截面和棒体均布满了孔洞。结合EDX 和XRD 表征结果, Co²⁺/CPP-3(In) MOFs 前驱体完全转化成Co₃O₄/In₂O₃ 复合物; Co₃O₄/In₂O₃(n_Co : n_In = 0.4 : 1) 复合物在 70 ℃ 下对5×10^-6 H₂S 的气敏性能最优, 响应值达到153, 是同条件下纯备In₂O₃对H₂S 响应值的5 倍, 并且有较好的重复性、选择性和稳定性。     

Al2O3/(W, Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料的力学性能与强韧化机理

采用纳米和亚微米级的α-Al₂O₃,以及微米级的(W,Ti)C粉体为原料,制备了Al₂O₃/(W,Ti)C纳米复合陶瓷材料.在基体Al₂O₃含有体积分数为11%的纳米Al₂O₃时复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最优,其抗弯强度、断裂韧性和硬度分别为840MPa,6.55MPa·m^1/2和20.1GPa.TEM实验表明,纳米颗粒的加入明显抑止了基体晶粒的长大,形成了典型的骨架结构,材料的断裂方式为沿晶断裂和穿晶断裂的混合.内晶型和晶间型第二相颗粒产生的残余应力场、断裂模式的改变和晶粒细化强化促进了复合材料抗弯强度和断裂韧性的提高.     

介质填充材料对低温等离子体分解CO2的研究

低温等离子体内部存在很多高活性粒子可以促进CO₂气体在常温下分解。为了提高CO₂的分解效率,探索CO₂减排的新途径。研究了介质材料（γ-Al₂O₃、石英棉、CaO）加入时,等离子体与CO₂的反应情况及不同填充材料对该反应的影响。研究表明,加入介质填充材料会显著提高CO₂的分解效率,且加入石英棉时对CO₂的分解效率最高;填充材料粒径在250 μm时,CO₂转化率最高。     

Fe2O3对污泥与底泥制备轻质陶粒性能的影响

为研究在以污水污泥和河道底泥为主要原料制取轻质陶粒过程中,Fe₂O₃质量分数对陶粒性能的影响,对陶粒的物理性能、表面形态、抗压强度和晶体构成进行研究,结果表明,Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％时,可取得松散容重和表观密度较高、吸水率比较小、抗压强度较高的陶粒．扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析表明,随着Fe₂O₃质量分数的增加,陶粒表面玻璃化效果明显．在Fe₂O₃质量分数为5％时,可得到致密性较好、表面微孔分布均匀的陶粒．Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％时,陶粒的抗压性能良好(14 MPa以上)．X射线衍射分析(XRD)表明,陶粒中主要晶体为石英、钠钙长石、蓝晶石和赤铁矿,内部以稳定的硅酸盐晶体为主．随着Fe₂O₃质量分数的增加,更多的Fe₂O₃可以在高温条件下转换为晶体结构的赤铁矿．在利用污水污泥与河道底泥制取轻质陶粒的过程中,控制Fe₂O₃质量分数在3.5％～7％较合适．     

酞菁铜对纳米α-Fe2O3光催化剂的表面改性

为推动纳米氧化铁基光催化材料在水体环境修复领域中的应用,针对氧化铁半导体导带底能级位置较正而导致的光生电子热力学还原能力不足及其表面催化活化O₂位点少的科学问题,在控制合成小尺寸纳米氧化铁的基础上,通过复合改性实现对其光生电子的有效调控是关键. 首先利用尿素调制的相分离水解-溶剂热法制备了小尺寸纯相α-Fe₂O₃.在此基础上, 通过简单的湿化学法实现了CuPc对α-Fe₂O₃纳米粒子的表面改性. 结果表明:所获得的最佳样品（CuPc和α-Fe₂O₃的质量比为1%）的光催化降解2,4-二氯苯酚（2,4-DCP）的活性达到了纯α-Fe₂O₃的2.5倍;利用紫外-可见漫反射光谱(DRS)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、激光拉曼光谱(Raman)等手段对其进行了结构表征,揭示了CuPc与α-Fe₂O₃之间通过氢键作用实现有效连接;基于羟基自由基荧光测试及电化学分析表明光催化活性提高的主要原因有:CuPc的引入有效改善了其光生电荷分离效率,并且进一步促进了O₂的活化;CuPc对长波可见光的特征吸收进一步改善了其可见光利用范围.该策略也适用于其他过渡金属酞菁对α-Fe₂O₃的修饰,并且均改善了α-Fe₂O₃的光催化性能.     

化学链燃烧中Co掺杂改性Fe2O3（104）载氧体反应特性

基于密度泛函理论建立金属Co掺杂的铁基载氧体的微观模型,探究掺杂Co后模型表面的电子结构及反应特性的变化。首先,采用Material Studio软件中CASTEP模块构建并优化Fe₂O₃（104）的平板模型;其次,以Co原子分别替换模型表面不同配位数的Fe原子（Fe_5f,Fe_6f和Fe_7f）,构建Co在表面不同Fe原子位的掺杂模型（Co-Fe₂O₃（104））;最后,计算纯净模型和掺杂模型的表面能、掺杂结合能、态密度以及掺杂位点原子的键长、键角和原子间距离等参数,考察CO在Fe₂O₃（104）和Co掺杂的Fe₂O₃（104）表面的等温吸附特性,并以CO分子为探针测试Co掺杂模型和纯净模型表面的氧化反应特性,获取反应路径、过渡态和反应活化能等信息。几何优化结果得到Co掺杂模型的稳定性顺序是：Co_5f-Fe₂O₃（104）> Co_6f-Fe₂O₃（104）> Co_7f-Fe₂O₃（104）,对应的结合能分别为-0.399 eV、-0.215 eV和0.487 eV,Co在Fe_5f和Fe_6f位的掺杂是放热过程,并且在Fe_5f原子位的掺杂时放热较多,而在Fe_7f原子的掺杂属于是吸热反应;Co掺杂改变了掺杂位点相邻O原子的平均键长L_O-M（M代表Fe或Co）,其中Co替换Fe_7f后相邻O原子的L_O-M增加了0.004 4 nm;掺杂Co后模型的总态密度（DOS）均向费米能级（0 eV）方向移动,在-8 eV～0 eV能量范围内离域性增强,而且Co_5f-Fe₂O₃（104）模型体系靠近费米能级左边的填充态能量高于其他模型。等温吸附表明Co掺杂可以提高CO在模型表面的吸附量,并且存在吸附两种方式：-2.0 eV附近的峰为CO模型表面碱性位点的吸附峰,-0.75 eV附近的峰为CO在非碱性位点的吸附峰。CO在Co_5f-Fe₂O₃（104）表面的吸附能（-0.851 eV）最大,而在Co_7f-Fe₂O₃（104）表面的吸附需要外加能量（0.386 eV）,CO在Co_6f和Co_7f掺杂位吸附的键长（L_CO）比纯净模型表面的分别增加了0.000 4 nm和0.001 1 nm,表明Co掺杂表面对CO分子的活化作用较大;过渡态分析表明CO在Co掺杂表面氧化生成CO₂的反应活化能均明显下降,其中CO在Co_5f-Fe₂O₃（104）表面生成CO₂的活化能最低,比在Fe₂O₃（104）表面的减少了0.518 eV,且相应的反应能增加了0.445 eV。研究表明,Co与Fe在其氧化物中成键结构不同,导致掺杂后模型表面的悬键增多,表面能增大,态密度向费米能级方向移动,提高了Fe₂O₃（104）表面活性,并且Co在低配位数Fe原子位的掺杂更有利于降低氧化CO的反应活化能。因此,通过掺杂金属Co提高铁基载氧体反应活性是可行的,其改性效果与掺杂活性成分的特性和掺杂方式有密切的关系。     

O3/NaOH同时脱硫脱硝的热力学研究

利用化学热力学基本原理,分别计算了O₃/NaOH溶液同时脱硫脱硝反应过程中的摩尔反应吉布斯自由能变、摩尔反应焓变、化学反应平衡常数,以及化学反应达到平衡时的SO₂和NO的分压力,结果表明:利用O₃/NaOH溶液同时脱除SO₂和NO是可行的.     

Ce掺杂对Mn/ACN催化剂低温NH3-SCR脱硝活性的影响

采用浸渍法将活性组分Mn、Ce负载到酸处理后的椰壳活性炭(ACN)上,制备出采用浸渍法将活性组分Mn、Ce负载到酸处理后的椰壳活性炭(ACN)上,制备出Mn/CAN和Mn-Ce/ACN脱硝催化剂,在固定床上对所制备的催化剂进行了脱硝性能评价,着重探讨了两种活性组分的负载顺序、负载量对催化剂活性的影响,并对催化剂进行了BET、SEM、XRD、XPS表征。结果表明,通过比较Mn/CAN和Mn-Ce/ACN催化剂的脱硝活性,发现Ce的添加能明显提高催化剂的脱硝活性,在温度高于90oC时能达到90%以上的NO去除率,在120-250oC之间,NO转化率维持在100%。活性组分的负载顺序及负载量是影响催化剂活性的重要因素。同时负载活性组分,Ce、Mn负载量均为5%时,催化剂表现出最好的脱硝性能。Mn负载在活性炭上,降低了活性炭的比表面积和孔容,而Mn、Ce负载量均为5%的Mn-Ce/ACN的比表面积和微孔孔容降到695.0m2/g和0.130cm3/g,随着Mn、Ce负载量的增加,比表面积和孔容进一步降低;当Ce、Mn负载量均增加到10%时,其比表面积和微孔孔容只有539.8m2/g和0.106 cm3/g。Mn3+和Mn4+共存于两种催化剂上,而Ce4+ 和Ce3+共存并使Mn-Ce/CAN上Mn4+比例略微增加,导致催化剂表现出最好的脱硝性能.     

Dielectric Properties of B2O3 Doped MgTiO3-CaTiO3 System Ceramics

The dielectric ceramics with a main crystal phase of MGTiO3 and additional crystal phase of CaTiO3 were prepared by the conventional electronic ceramics technology .the strucures of MgTiO3 are ilmenitetype,and belong to hexagonal syngony.the ratio of MgTiO3 to Ca TiO3 doping on the dielectric properties of MGTiO3-CaTiO3(MCT)ceranics were inrestigated.the addition of B2O3 decreases the sintering temperatnre and results in rapid desification without obrious negative effect on the Q values of the system(Q=1/tan ).B2O3 exists as liquid phase in the sintering process,promoting the reactions as a singering agent.     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Theoretic Diffraction Research on the Order-Disorder Effect of Transition Metal in Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2

Li(Ni_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3)O₂的(3b)位有序-无序效应研究

曹春晖^1,2, 张建¹, 杨传铮¹, 夏保佳¹

（1.上海微系统与信息技术研究所,上海 200050;

2.中国科学院大学, 北京100049）

创新点说明：

提出了有序度的概念,通过理论模拟了过渡金属在3b位不同有序度下的衍射情况。

研究目的：

借助理论衍射研究镍钴锰在三元材料中的占位情况,为实际得到的衍射数据分析起指导作用。

研究方法和结果：

借助Powercell程序模拟不同结构下的衍射情况。结果表明：对于Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2,基体衍射线的强度不随有序度而变化,有序度增加时,超点阵衍射线强度增加,但是即使对于有序度最大时,超点阵线的相对强度只有0.225%和0.043%。

结论：

3b位的有序无序很难通过常规的衍射实验观测到,必须提高X射线源的强度才可能观测到。

关键词：Li(Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3)O2, 有序-无序,超结构,衍射

     

Synthesis and characterization of Mg3(PO4)2-coated Li1.05Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material for Li-ion battery

Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The morphology, structure, electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), charge/discharge cycling and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). SEM analysis shows that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating changes the morphologies of their particles and increases the grains size. XRD and CV results show that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating powder is homogeneous and has better layered structure than the bare one. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance. The reason why the cycling performance of Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated sample at 55 °C was better than that of room temperature was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate with temperature rising. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved the cathode thermal stability, and the result was consistent with thermal abuse tests using Li-ion cells: the Mg₃(PO₄)₂ coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode did not exhibit thermal runaway with smoke and explosion, in contrast to the cells containing the bare Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20273047)     

Luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3 glasses with dopant

The luminescent properties of glasses synthesized in air atmosphere by conventional high temperature process were stud{ed. The emissions spectra of Eu^2 and Eu^3 were observed in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses.The results show that the broad emission peaks at 430 nm correspond to 5d→4f emission transition of Eu^2 , the sharp emission peaks at 592, 616, 650 and 250 nm correspond to 5^D0→1Fj(j=1--4) emission transition of Eu^3 ,respectively, which indicates that the BaO-La2O3a-B2O3-Eu2O3 glass can convert ultraviolet and green omponents of sunlight into blue and red light so as to increase the intensity of blue and red light, respectively. The luminescent in--tensity of Eu^2 increases with increasing the molar ratio of Tb^3 in BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3a-Tb4O3 glasses, whereas the luminescent intensity of Eua^3 decreases. So the luminescent intensity of Eu(Ⅲ,Ⅱ) is influenced by Tb^3 .These phenomena can be explained by electron transfer mechanism; Eu^3 (4f6) Tb^3 (4f^8)→Eu^2 (4f′) Tb^4 (4f′). Taking advantage of the luminescent properties of BaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3 glasses, light-conversion glass for agriculture can be produced.     

Phase structure and electrical properties of La<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>-doped BiInO<Subscript>3</Subscript>-PbTiO<Subscript>3</Subscript> ceramics with high curie temperature

The phase structure and electrical properties of pure and La2O3-doped Bi-InO3-PbTiO3 （BI-PT） ceramics were studied respectively. In （1 -x）BI-xPT （x=0.72-0.80） ceramics, the stability of tetragonal phase increased with increasing x, and pure perovskite structure was obtained for x=-0.80 ceramics. The phase transition temperature range was between 575 ℃ and 600 ℃ for x=0.72-0.80 ceramics, higher than that of PT （-490 ℃）. The c/a ratio almost linearly decreased with increasing La2O3 content in x-0.80 ceramics. It is believed that Pb^2＋ vacancies were formed by La^3＋ substituting Pb^2＋ in La2O3-doped BI-PT ceramics. Tc shifted to lower temperature by 30 ℃/mol% La2O3. The maximum dielectric constant 8557 around 559 ℃ was exhibited in 0.5mol%-doped BI-0.80PT ceramics. La2O3-doped ceramics could be poled resulting from decreasing of c/a ratio and improving of dielectric loss and resistivity. The maximum piezoelectric coefficient d33 was 12 pC/N for 2mol%-doped BI-0.80PT ceramics.     

Molten Salt Synthesis of Ba（ Mgl／3Nb2／3 ）O3 Powder

The single-phrase Ba(Mgl/3Nb2/3)O3(BMN) powder was saccessfully prepared by the KCImolten salt synthesis(MSS) method. The temperature for single-phase BMN powders by MSS was about 400℃ lower than that by the solid-phase method. The average particle size (APS) was about 0.91,u.m at 900℃ and increased with increasing synhesis temperature. Based on the APS, the activation energy for particle growth in theMSS, whose value was 64. 1kJmol^-1.was attained. The sinterability of the powder prepared by MSS method wasbetter than that pretared by solid-phase method.     

The Dielectric Properties and Preparation Method of BaTiO3/PVDF 0-3 Composites

A series of 0-3 composties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and BaTiO3 was prepared,BaTiO3 was modified with titanate coupling agent .The dielectric properties and the interfacial interaction of composites by different preparation methods were examined and compared,The result shows that the relaive dielectric constant ε of the composite prepared in solution has a maximum value at about 70% weight fraction of BaTiO3 and the dielectric loss tanδ increases rapidly when the fraction exceeds 70%, For the composite preared in melt, the relative dielectric constant ε almost raches a maximum value at about 60% weght fraction of BaTiO3 and the dielectric loss is comparatively lower,The deielectric proerties of composites ore improved by using a coupling aent.     

In situ prepared Al-Si alloy matrix composites reinforced by γ-Al2O3p

A γ-Al2O3 particles reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composite was fabricated by adding NH4Al（SO4）2 to molten aluminum alloy. TEM observation shows that in-situ γ-Al2O3 particles are generally spherical and uniformly distributed in the matrix. The results of dry sliding wear tests show that the wear resistance of the composites increases with increasing mass fraction, and the volume loss is considerably lesser than that of the matrix and is lesser than that of the composites by adding γ-Al2O3 particles directly.