Endoscopic sonography and sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of unusual pancreatic metastases from synovial sarcoma

Pancreatic metastases are commonly solitary solid lesions frequently derived from primary renal cell carcinoma, lung cancer, or melanoma. Very few case reports have described cystic‐appearing metastases in the pancreas and even fewer have reported a combination of cystic and solid metastatic lesions. Synovial sarcoma is a rare and aggressive soft tissue neoplasm, frequently metastasizing to the lungs and bones. We present a case of primary synovial sarcoma with multiple solid and cystic‐appearing pancreatic metastases diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound and sonographically guided fine‐needle aspiration. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42 :180–182, 2014     

内镜下切除术治疗成人重复胃畸形的疗效

目的 探讨内镜下切除的胃重复畸形的病例特征及其预后。方法 选择2017年1月至2021年1月在复旦大学附属中山医院进行内镜切除治疗且病理证实为胃重复畸形的患者9例,回顾性收集其临床病理资料,包括一般资料、内镜下病灶表现、术后病理、住院天数、术后并发症、随访情况等。结果 共纳入9例胃重复畸形患者,女性3例,男性 6例;2例患者病灶位于胃上1/3,2例位于胃中1/3,5例位于胃下1/3。8例患者内镜下表现为黏膜下肿瘤,仅1例表现为息肉样隆起。住院天数为2（1.5, 4）d,无围手术期不良事件,随访时间46（26, 51）个月。术后随访病灶无残留、无复发。结论 内镜下切除对于符合指征的胃重复畸形的治疗安全可行,临床可尝试推广。     

Current status of endoscopic surgery in Japan: The 14th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery by the Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery

In Japan, the first endoscopic surgery, a laparoscopic cholecystectomy, was performed in 1990. Since then, operative procedures have been standardized, and the safety and efficacy of endoscopic surgery have been evaluated. In accordance with the social acceptance of endoscopic surgery as a less invasive type of surgery, the number of endoscopic procedures performed has increased in all surgical domains. The Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery (JSES) has played an important role in the development of endoscopic surgery in Japan. Notably, a technical skills certification system for surgeons was established by the JSES to train instructors on how to teach safe endoscopic surgery. Furthermore, the JSES has conducted a national survey every two years to evaluate the status of endoscopic surgery over time. In 2017, 248 743 patients underwent endoscopic surgery in all surgical domains, such as abdominal, thoracic, mammary and thyroid gland, cardiovascular, obstetrics and gynecology, urologic, orthopedic, and plastic surgery. The 14th National Survey of Endoscopic Surgery conducted by the JSES demonstrated the status of laparoscopic surgery in Japan in 2016‐2017.     

超声内镜指导下食管间质瘤黏膜切除术

目的探讨超声内镜指导下食管间质瘤黏膜切除术的意义。方法对2005年～2007年5月76例疑为消化道黏膜下肿瘤的患者进行超声内镜检查,其中34例食管病变超声内镜显示病变来源于黏膜下层,有24例经知情同意后行超声内镜下黏膜切除术。切除的病变经过病理检查明确病变的层次和病变性质。结果通过与病理结果对照表明,超声内镜检查能准确地判断肿瘤所在层次;通过黏膜切除术切除所有的病变,无1例发生并发症。结论超声内镜指导食管间质瘤黏膜切除术既准确又安全。     

内镜切除术与腹腔镜切除术治疗非微小胃间质瘤的对比研究

目的 对比分析内镜下切除和腹腔镜手术切除非微小胃间质瘤（直径大于1 cm且小于5 cm）的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月－2017年12月在苏州大学附属第一医院和苏州大学附属张家港医院行内镜下切除和外科腹腔镜手术治疗、并经术后病理及免疫组化确诊为非微小胃间质瘤患者的临床资料。根据手术方式将患者分为内镜切除组和腹腔镜手术组,比较两组患者术后住院时间、并发症、治愈性切除率等。结果 内镜切除组术后进食时间、术后排气时间、住院时间较腹腔镜手术组短,住院费用较腹腔镜手术组少,两组患者比较,差异有统计学意义（均P < 0.05）。术后对所有患者进行随访,内镜切除组平均随访时间为32个月,有1例出现复发;腹腔镜手术组平均随访时间为35个月,有1例出现复发,1例出现转移,两组患者比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 内镜下切除直径大于1 cm且小于5 cm的非微小胃间质瘤,具有肿瘤切除率高、术后恢复快、并发症少等优势,且与腹腔镜手术相比,复发率无明显差异。     

内镜下高频电切术、氩离子束凝固术及黏膜切除术治疗结肠息肉的有效性和安全性

目的 探讨和分析内镜下高频电切术、氩离子束凝固术（APC）及黏膜切除术在结肠息肉治疗中的应用价值。方法 选取2017年6月－2018年6月该院行内镜下手术治疗的310例（息肉442枚）结肠息肉患者作为研究对象,根据患者病情分为内镜下高频电切术组150例（息肉203枚）、内镜下APC组40例（息肉66枚）和内镜下黏膜切除术（EMR）组120例（息肉173枚）,并分别对3组患者的临床治疗情况、生活质量改善情况和并发症发生情况进行比较和分析。结果 内镜下APC组总有效率95.00%和EMR组总有效率96.67%均较内镜下高频电切术组明显提高,而无效率5.00%和3.33%均明显降低,两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。内镜下APC组和EMR组主观症状、生理功能、心理情绪、社会活动和消化病生存质量指数（GLQI）总分均较内镜下高频电切术组明显提高,两两比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。EMR组患者出血和穿孔等并发症总发生率（0.83%）较内镜下高频电切术组明显降低,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。EMR组患者出血和穿孔等并发症总发生率较内镜下APC组略有降低,两组比较,差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 内镜下APC和EMR在结肠息肉患者临床疗效、生存质量和安全性方面均优于内镜下高频电切术。     

超声内镜引导经胃内引流术治疗胰腺假性囊肿误吸的预防

目的探讨如何预防在超声内镜(EUS)引导下经胃内治疗胰腺假性囊肿引起的误吸。方法对该院所做的EUS引导下经胃内引流胰腺假性囊肿的资料进行回顾性分析。结果 16例胰腺假性囊肿患者,经EUS引导胃内穿刺放置内支架引流成功16例,穿刺引流操作成功率为100.0%。囊肿完全吸收16例,治愈率100.0%。穿刺后囊液反流导致误吸2例,发生率为12.5%。3例患者通过内镜拔出引流支架,另外13例患者支架自行脱落排出。结论头高脚低位、精细操作及食管套管可以防止EUS穿刺后胰腺假性囊肿囊液误吸入气管。     

Ultrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block performed in a case of zipper entrapment injury

Injury to the penis resulting from zipper entrapment is a painful condition that presents a unique anesthetic challenge to the emergency physician and may even require procedural sedation for removal. In this case report, we describe successful removal of zipper entrapment from the penis of a 34‐year‐old patient after the application of an ultrasound‐guided dorsal penile nerve block. We discuss the anatomy, sonographic features, and steps required for the nerve block procedure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :589–591, 2017     

内镜隧道剥离术在结直肠病变中的临床应用

目的观察内镜隧道剥离术在结直肠病变中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析2017年4月-2017年6月武汉大学人民医院收治的17例结直肠病变患者临床资料,17例患者中8例患者经内镜隧道剥离术治疗(隧道组),9例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗(ESD组)。初步评估内镜隧道剥离术治疗结直肠病变的有效性及安全性。结果两组在性别比例、病灶部位、病灶大小以及术后病理结果上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。所有病变均一次性完整切除;隧道组平均手术时间(45.0±15.0)min,ESD组平均手术时间(67.0±17.0)min;隧道组术中出血发生率12.5%(1/8),ESD组66.7%(6/9),组间差异明显(P0.05)。隧道组术中穿孔发生率0.0%,ESD组22.2%(2/9);ESD组有1例出现术后迟发性出血;两组均未出现术后迟发性穿孔;隧道组术后感染发生率12.5%(1/8),ESD组11.1%(1/9),以上组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。随访中无病例失访,术后1个月结肠镜复查两组均未发现病灶残留或复发。结论内镜隧道剥离术和ESD均可以用于结直肠病变的治疗,相比传统ESD技术,内镜隧道剥离术在手术时间、术中出血率上更有优势,有望成为治疗结直肠病变的主要方法。     

Endoscopic sonographically guided fine-needle aspiration yield in submucosal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract.

OBJECTIVE: To study the yield of endoscopic ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration cytologic examination in the diagnosis of submucosal masses. METHODS: From 1999 to 2003, 10 patients underwent ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration for the cytologic diagnosis of submucosal masses in our institution. The endoscopic ultrasonography records and the cytology database were consulted, and the reports were analyzed, as were slide material and the technical aspects related to these procedures. All procedures were performed under conscious sedation and cardiorespiratory monitoring on an outpatient basis. Ten patients (4 men and 6 women; mean age, 60.8 years) were studied. RESULTS: Eight lesions were located in the stomach, and 2 were located in the esophagus, with a mean diameter of 3.3 cm. An experienced cytopathologist was present on-site during all procedures for assessment of adequacy and preliminary cytologic examination. Cytologic diagnoses were obtained in 8 cases as follows: 6 gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 1 organizing submucosal hematoma, and 1 low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue-associated lymphoma. Two cases consisted of scant gastric epithelium only and were considered nondiagnostic. The cytologic diagnoses guided further clinical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration with cytopathologic analysis has a high accuracy rate (80%) for diagnosing submucosal lesions. These findings potentially affect clinical decision making.     

Successful ultrasound‐guided percutaneous embolization of renal pseudoaneurysm by autologous blood clot: Preliminary report of a new method

We report the case of a 25‐year‐old female with renal arteriovenous fistula and pseudoaneurysm (PA) formation following renal core‐needle biopsy, treated successfully by ultrasound‐guided percutaneous embolization with autologous blood clot injection. After inserting a 15‐gauge needle within the PA sac, 10 ml of blood was retrieved from the sac, and then reinjected into the PA as well as in the needle tract after the obtained blood completely clotted. The procedure was completed by manual compression of the flank. Follow‐up sonographic examinations revealed no complication, and the PA size reduced gradually over time due to fibrotic shrinkage. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :592–596, 2017     

注水黏膜切开刀推进式内镜黏膜下剥离术切除早癌及癌前病变的应用研究

目的 探讨应用注水型电刀行推进式内镜黏膜下剥离术（PESD）切除大面积贲门早癌及癌前病变的价值,并分析总结相关技术要点。方法 选取2017年1月－2020年12月在保定市第一中心医院内镜诊疗中心通过胃镜活检及放大染色内镜检查考虑贲门早癌或高级别上皮内瘤变且病变最大径 > 2.0 cm的病例,术中用注水型电刀行PESD治疗,并选取该中心同期该医生以普通黏膜切开刀行贲门常规内镜黏膜下剥离术（ESD）治疗的病例,对比分析两组病例的单位面积剥离速度、病变完整切除率、并发症发生率（术后迟发性出血和穿孔）等。结果 PESD组（n = 32）病变直径2.0～8.0 cm,平均（5.1±2.9）cm;其中1处病变位于前壁,16处位于后壁,3处位于大弯侧,12处位于小弯侧;30处病变为一次性切除,2处病变（贲门大弯侧）为分块切除;剥离时间19～112 min,平均（65.5±48.3）min;术中出血8例（25.0%）,无迟发性出血及穿孔发生,术后住院3～5 d;ESD组（n = 17）病变直径2.0～6.5 cm,平均（4.2±2.2）cm;2处病变位于前壁,10处位于后壁,5处位于小弯侧;所有病变均为一次性切除;剥离时间26～157 min,平均（91.5±26.5）min;术中出血8例（47.1%）,术中穿孔2例（11.8%）,均给予金属夹夹闭并内科保守治疗取得成功,无迟发性出血和迟发性穿孔发生,术后住院3～6 d。结论 应用注水型电刀行PESD是一种基于贲门解剖结构的创新术式,与常规ESD相比,可有效提高剥离速度,降低并发症发生率,使内镜手术更安全和快捷。     

内镜下黏膜切除术与高频电切术治疗消化道无蒂息肉的临床疗效观察

目的观察内镜下黏膜切除术(EMR)与高频电切术治疗消化道无蒂息肉的临床疗效。方法选取该院2017年3月-2019年3月收治的80例消化道无蒂息肉患者作为研究对象,以随机数表法分为EMR组与高频电切术组,每组各40例,EMR组采取EMR治疗,高频电切术组用高频电切术治疗,对比两组总有效率、手术时间、并发症发生率和生存质量评分,统计和比较两组术后随访1年的复发率。结果两组手术时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05);EMR组与高频电切术组总有效率、并发症发生率和复发率比较(97.50%和90.00%、5.00%和15.00%、2.50%和10.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);两组术前生存质量评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),两组内术后与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05),两组术后比较,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论 EMR治疗消化道无蒂息肉较高频电切术疗效更佳,并发症发生率和复发率更低,值得临床推广。     

Long‐term outcome of peroral endoscopic myotomy for achalasia treatment in a 9‐year‐old female patient

Achalasia is a primary motility disorder with incomplete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation; it has an annual incidence of 0.11 cases per 100 000 children. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a new endoscopic treatment method for achalasia. Reports about POEM in pediatric patients are rare. We herein report the case of a 9‐year‐old female patient with achalasia who underwent POEM. The patient underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation because medication was not effective at a previous hospital; however, endoscopic balloon dilatation was not effective either. She then underwent successful POEM upon admission at our hospital. The patient was symptom‐free at 2 years postoperatively with no signs of esophagitis in the absence of proton‐pump inhibitor therapy.     

Acute diffuse thyroid swelling: A rare complication of fine‐needle aspiration

We present a case illustrating the rare complication of acute generalized thyroid swelling shortly after sonographic‐guided fine needle aspiration of a thyroid nodule. Ultrasound revealed the presence of characteristic linear hypoechoic avascular areas interspersed throughout the gland suggestive of edema. The patient was treated conservatively, with near complete normalization of the thyroid within 24 hours. Recognition of this potential complication is important, as the rapid onset of diffuse thyroid enlargement is often alarming but typically has a transient and self‐limiting course. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :426–429, 2017     

食管黏膜下肿瘤的内镜下诊断与治疗

目的基于食管黏膜下肿瘤(SMTs)内镜检查及治疗手段,分析食管SMTs的临床病理学特征,同时评价食管SMTs内镜下诊治的安全性、经济性和有效性。方法选择2012年1月-2017年12月新疆医科大学第一附属医院收治的98例食管SMTs患者,并同时完善普通胃镜和超声内镜(EUS)检查,所有患者均接受内镜下治疗,所有切除的肿瘤均行病理学检查。结果共98例患者。其中,女55例(56.12%),男43例(43.88%)。肿瘤位于食管上段27例(27.55%),中段28例(28.57%),下段43例(43.88%),56例病例行内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD),25例行内镜黏膜下肿瘤挖除术(ESE),12例行内镜黏膜下隧道肿瘤切除术(STER),另3例行电凝电切除术,1例孤立性纤维性肿瘤因术中发现肿瘤基底部深转为外科手术,另1例平滑肌瘤因肿瘤体积太大致内镜操作困难,中途转胸腔镜下治疗。1例神经鞘瘤,ESD术后出现气胸、胸腔积液、术后瘘及食管狭窄等并发症,1例胸腔镜下行肿瘤摘除术的平滑肌瘤,术后发生气胸和胸腔积液,另外2例出现纵隔气肿和皮下气肿,均于术后2或3 d自行好转。病理学检查及免疫组化结果证实,最常见的食管SMTs为平滑肌瘤,共90例,占所有病例91.84%。结论食管SMTs以女性多见,好发于中下段食管,病理以平滑肌瘤最为常见;应用EUS技术能够对病变性质及组织学来源进行较准确的评估;内镜下治疗食管SMTs不仅能提供完整的病理学资料,而且有效安全。     

Laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery is a safe and effective treatment for superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors

The use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for duodenal neoplasms has increased in recent years, but delayed perforation and bleeding are also known to frequently occur. We present two cases in which duodenal adenoma was successfully treated with laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery. ESD was combined with laparoscopic seromuscular sutures. The lesions in both cases were located in the second portion of the duodenum. The patients requested resection of the lesion, and we performed laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative surgery. After the laparoscopic surgeon mobilized the duodenum, the endoscopic surgeon performed ESD for the duodenal tumor without perforation. The laparoscopic surgeon sutured the duodenal wall in the seromuscular layer to strengthen the ulcer bed after ESD. Histopathological studies confirmed that the surgical margins were tumor‐free in both cases. The patients were discharged with no complications. This unique laparoscopic‐endoscopic cooperative procedure is a safe and effective method for resecting superficial nonampullary duodenal tumors.     

小探头超声辅助内镜下放射状切开术治疗上消化道瘢痕性狭窄

目的 探讨小探头超声（MPS）辅助内镜下放射状切开术（ERI）治疗难治性上消化道瘢痕性狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法 收集2017年11月－2020年1月因上消化道狭窄行MPS评估并行ERI治疗的患者30例，分析患者治疗前和治疗后狭窄改善程度及手术并发症情况，评估其疗效及安全性。结果 30例患者均完成MPS评估后再行ERI，平均操作时间（15.34±2.75）min，所有患者均未出现穿孔和出血等并发症，术前吞咽困难评分为（2.87±0.51）分，术后出院时降至（0.87±0.43）分，术前与术后出院时相比，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05），术后3和6个月吞咽困难评分分别为（0.90±0.80）和（1.03±0.49）分，与术后出院时比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 MPS辅助ERI治疗上消化道瘢痕性狭窄安全、有效，值得临床推广应用。     

Sonographic appearance of pyomyositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle: A case report

Pyomyositis in the neck has rarely been described. We present the sonographic findings in a case of pyomyositis of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. A 62‐year‐old man with poorly controlled diabetes presented with an induration of the neck and fever. On gray‐scale sonography, a part of the sternocleidomastoid muscle appeared swollen and contained irregularly shaped hypoechoic areas. Power Doppler imaging showed increased vascularity in the muscle. Sonographic‐guided aspiration confirmed abscesses in the sternocleidomastoid muscle. Surgical drainage was successfully performed along with antibiotic treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45 :520–523, 2017     

A systematic review of prophylactic antimicrobials in PEG placement

Aim. To establish whether prophylactic systemic antimicrobials reduce the risk of peristomal infection in placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies. Background. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies, placed surgically through the anterior abdominal wall, maintain nutrition in the short or long term. Those undergoing percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement are often vulnerable to infection. The increasing incidence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus contributes an additional risk to the debate surrounding antibiotic prophylaxis. The aim of antimicrobial prophylaxis is to establish a bactericidal concentration of an antimicrobial drug in the patient, during placement. Design. Systematic review. Methods. We searched the Cochrane Wounds Group Specialised Register (July 2006); The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2006, Issue 2); handsearched wound care journals, relevant conference proceedings and bibliographies of publications identified, and contacted manufacturers and distributors of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy products. Randomised controlled trials were selected evaluating the use of prophylactic antimicrobials for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement, with no restrictions for language, date or publication status. Both authors performed data extraction and assessment of study quality. Meta‐analysis was performed where appropriate. Results. Ten eligible randomised controlled trials were identified evaluating prophylactic antimicrobials in 1100 patients. All trials reported peristomal infection as an outcome and a pooled analysis resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of peristomal infection with prophylactic antibiotics (pooled OR 0·31, 95% CI 0·22–0·44). The relative reduction in risk of infection for those given antibiotics was 19% with the need to treat 5·8 patients to prevent one infection – NNT. Conclusions. Administration of systemic prophylactic antibiotics for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement reduces peristomal infection. Relevance to clinical practice. The nurse’s role in endoscopy is expanding rapidly and demands that practice is based on the best available evidence. This systematic review seeks to make a contribution to best practice in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy placement.