一种难加工材料铣削力的计算机辅助建模

为了实现难加工材料的高效切削,本文采用回归正交表设计试验方案,选用回归方法对试验结果进行分析,最终建立了铣削力模型。在实验中借助于程序,迅速、准确地完成了切削参数的选取、实验数据的处理和结果的分析,确保了实验结果的可靠性。这项工作不仅为切削加工提供了依据,也为切削加工的数值模拟提供了数据,同时为优化切削用量和铣刀设计奠定了基础。     

钛合金高速铣削的切削力实验研究与建模

针对难加工材料Ti6Al4V(TC4)进行高速铣削的铣削力研究,通过多因素正交试验,分析切削参数对切削力的影响,得出对难加工材料宜采用高速小切削的方法加工。将铣削加工中的切削力分解为纵向铣削力、横向铣削力和轴向铣削力,根据铣削力和切削加工参数之间的关系,采用最小二乘法等概率统计方法和回归分析原理,建立了三向铣削力模型。对所建立的铣削力模型进行回归参数显著性检验,分析所构建模型的置信度和残差,结果表明所建立的铣削力模型能很好地符合原始实验数据,可靠性好,能用于铣削力的预测和控制,为高速铣削钛合金的参数优化提供可靠依据。     

不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力建模与实验研究

在难加工材料的铣削加工中,铣削力对质量有很大影响。对难加工不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削加工中的切削力模型与实验加工技术进行研究。将不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削加工中的切削力分解为切向铣削力、径向铣削力和轴向铣削力,由铣削力和切削加工参数之间的关系,建立不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力模型。采用正交试验法设计加工试验获得铣削力数据,通过多元线性回归确定不锈钢0Cr18Ni9铣削力仿真模型中的系数。回归参数的显著性检验结果表明,所建立的铣削力模型能够对铣削力进行预测和控制。     

钛合金TA7铣削加工特性研究

TA7钛合金高强度和低热导率的特点使其成为典型的难加工材料。为了研究钛合金TA7的铣削加工特性,开展了钛合金TA7铣削实验,研究切削参数对TA7切削特性的影响规律。基于MINITAB分别建立了切削力、表面粗糙度与切削参数的回归模型,并分析了切削力、表面粗糙度、残余应力与切削参数的响应关系,揭示了切削参数对切削力时域和频域信号、已加工表面形貌与残余应力影响规律。     

硬质合金刀具铣削高硅铝合金CE11的摩擦特性研究

对高硅铝合金这一难加工材料的研究现状进行了分析,并确定采用铣削加工摩擦实验方法进行硬质合金刀具的摩擦学行为研究。建立试验平台及试验方案,并进行铣削力和铣削温度的试验数据采集,求解刀-屑摩擦因数;根据摩擦因数分析主轴转速、摩擦时间和摩擦接触区温度等因素对刀具摩擦特性的影响。研究结果对改善高硅铝合金材料的切削加工性能具有重要指导意义,并为后续各种涂层刀具的摩擦磨损特性研究提供了依据。     

基于QGA-SVR的工件表面粗糙度预测和分析

在自动化生产中建立难加工材料的表面质量预测模型,是实现可持续制造的基础。提出一种结合量子遗传算法和支持向量回归(Quantum genetic algorithm-Support vector regression,QGA-SVR)的已加工表面粗糙度预测模型,改进了现有寻优方法在搜索支持向量回归的模型参数易陷入局部最优解的问题。在量子门更新的过程中加入交叉和变异的操作,保证了模型全局搜索能力,为了提高支持向量回归的泛化能力,在参数优化过程结合了K-折叠交叉验证。结合干车削304不锈钢的切削试验以及现有的铣削实验数据,对比分析了基于量子遗传算法和遗传算法的支持向量回归模型。结果表明:QGA-SVR具有收敛速度快、预测精度高的优点,基于建立的QGA-SVR模型分析了切削参数对车削表面粗糙度的影响规律。     

不锈钢铣削中机床比能预测模型

在分析铣削过程能耗特性的基础上,针对难加工材料切削过程中能耗大、效率低、刀具受损严重等问题,提出一种考虑刀具主后刀面磨损的机床比能预测模型.应用田口法设计304不锈钢数控铣削正交试验,采用非线性回归拟合试验数据,分析切削参数和刀具磨损对机床比能的影响规律.结果表明:该机床比能预测模型的准确率在96％以上;在半精加工铣削参数范围内,机床比能随铣削深度、铣削宽度、进给速度和铣削速度的增大逐渐减小,随着刀具磨损值的增大呈线性增大.     

ZM5材料切削温度场仿真及试验

针对航空5号铸造镁合金(zM5)材料在切削过程中的安全问题,基于DEFORM软件,建立了铣削动态仿真的有限元模型.研究了切削过程中温度场的分布规律,重点讨论了工件及切屑的温度,并将仿真结果与实验结果进行了比较,为选择切削参数,确保加工安全提供了依据.     

基于整体刀具的铣削加工温度有限元分析

在对金属切削的热力学以及热传导过程进行理论分析的基础上,基于整体刀具建立了铝合金薄壁件铣削加工的三维有限元模型。改变切削深度、切削速度以及进给率等工艺参数,分析了铣削工艺参数对温度的影响。仿真结果表明：切削深度对铣削温度影响最大,切削速度和进给率对铣削温度的影响相对较小。将仿真结果与试验测量结果进行对比分析,仿真结果温度值略高于试验结果,但总体变化趋势和规律基本一致。     

数控恒力铣削刀路设计

在切削加工物理分析的基础上探讨铣削力和切削加工参数之间的关系,建立铣削非圆曲线的力学模型,采用单因素试验法设计铣削试验,通过最小二乘法确定铣削力模型系数。以非圆曲线为例,完成了数控恒力切削测力实验,试验结果表明:该方法能够使切削力在非圆曲线的加工中基本保持不变,改善了曲线的加工质量,缩短了加工时间,在提高加工效率和精度方面具有优势。     

An experimental study of tool wear and cutting force variation in the end milling of Inconel 718 with coated carbide inserts

Inconel 718 is a difficult-to-cut nickel-based superalloy commonly used in aerospace industry. This paper presents an experimental study of the tool wear propagation and cutting force variations in the end milling of Inconel 718 with coated carbide inserts. The experimental results showed that significant flank wear was the predominant failure mode affecting the tool life. The tool flank wear propagation in the up milling operations was more rapid than that in the down milling operations. The cutting force variation along with the tool wear propagation was also analysed. While the thermal effects could be a significant cause for the peak force variation within a single cutting pass, the tool wear propagation was believed to be responsible for the gradual increase of the mean peak force in successive cutting passes.     

钛合金TC4高速铣削参数对铣削力的影响研究

钛合金高速铣削因其高效率、高质量、小变形等优点,广泛应用于航空、航天、船舶、军工制造等行业。针对难加工材料TC4(Ti-6Al-4V)的高速铣削加工技术,开展了铣削深度、铣削宽度、每齿进给量、主轴转速的四因素三水平正交试验,分析各铣削参数对铣削力的影响。实验过程中将铣削力分解为切向铣削力、径向铣削力和轴向铣削力,采用多元线性回归分析法,建立了各向铣削力模型,并进行了显著性检验。为验证模型的准确性,设计了新的加工实验进行验证。实验结果表明:该模型准确度高,能够预测铣削过程中的各向铣削力。     

A study on the development of the laser-assisted milling process and a related constitutive equation for silicon nitride

Laser-assisted machining (LAM) has recently been evaluated as an effective process for machining of difficult-to-cut materials, such as ceramics. It is more difficult to reach a sufficient preheating temperature in laser-assisted milling than in turning. A newly developed back-and-forth preheating method is proposed to obtain proper temperature at the laser spot, which is preceding a cutting tool. Experiments were successfully performed using the calculated laser power and feed, as determined by using finite element analyses. In addition, a constitutive equation of the LAM is proposed. The proposed method and constitutive equation can be applied to the laser-assisted milling of ceramics.     

铝合金6061-T6三维铣削加工有限元仿真及实验

为了获得6061-T6铝合金材料在铣削过程中铣削参数对铣刀切削性能的影响,使用有限元软件AdvantEdge建立有限元模型,研究了铣削深度、铣削宽度和主轴转速对切削力及温度的影响。根据仿真结果分析可得,铣削参数对切削力的影响铣削深度﹥铣削宽度﹥主轴转速;对温度的影响铣削宽度﹥铣削深度﹥主轴转速。通过实验对比,发现仿真结果与实验结果误差不超过30%,且切削力的走向基本一致,说明仿真结果是可信的。     

Refrigerated cooling air cutting of difficult-to-cut materials

One approach to enhance machining performance is to apply cutting fluids during cutting process. However, the use of cutting fluids in machining process has caused some problems such as high cost, pollution, and hazards to operator's health. All the problems related to the use of cutting fluids have urged researchers to search for some alternatives to minimize or even avoid the use of cutting fluids in machining operations. Cooling gas cutting is one of these alternatives. This paper investigates the effect of cooling air cutting on tool wear, surface finish and chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718 nickel-base super alloy and high-speed milling of AISI D2 cold work tool steel. Comparative experiments were conducted under different cooling/lubrication conditions, i.e. dry cutting, minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), cooling air, and cooling air and minimal quantity lubrication (CAMQL). For this research, composite refrigeration method was adopted to develop a new cooling gas equipment which was used to lower the temperature of compressed gas. The significant experimental results were: (i) application of cooing air and CAMQL resulted in drastic reduction in tool wear and surface roughness, and significant improvement in chip shape in finish turning of Inconel 718, (ii) in the high-speed milling of AISI D2, cooling air cutting presented longer tool life and slightly higher surface roughness than dry cutting and MQL. Therefore, it appears that cooling air cutting can provide not only environment friendliness but also great improvement in machinability of difficult-to-cut materials.     

A time–frequency acoustic emission-based monitoring technique to identify workpiece surface malfunctions in milling with multiple teeth cutting simultaneously

In the view of implementing automated solutions for monitoring complex machining processes such as milling, the usage of acoustic emission (AE) in machining is regarded as a promising way for assessing machine tool condition and for in-process detection of workpiece malfunctions. Correlating AE signal events with the occurrence of workpiece surface anomalies (e.g. laps, material drag) can be a powerful method for scrap reduction of expensive components such as those employed in aerospace industry. This paper proposes new methods for supervising cutting processes with multiple teeth cutting simultaneously, i.e. milling, by use of AE signals backed-up by force data. This is done by taking into account signals patterns when one, two or three teeth are cutting simultaneously, situation that often occurs in real milling applications. The research shows for the first time that identification of milling conditions (i.e. cutting with one/two/three teeth) is possible using only AE signal in time–frequency (T–F) domain. Moreover, detection of surface anomalies, such as folded laps that are generated by damaged cutting edges can be successfully identified in various milling conditions. The paper demonstrates that time–frequency analysis of AE signals empowered with advanced processing techniques has great potential to be used in flexible and easily to implement monitoring solutions to enable milling of anomaly-free workpiece surfaces in difficult-to-cut aerospace materials.     

不锈钢可加工性分析及其高效切削刀具技术研究

由于不锈钢中含有Cr、Ni、Ti和Mn等铁族元素,与硬质合金刀片中的Co元素属于同族元素,切削过程中容易产生刀-屑黏结和元素扩散等问题,是典型的难加工材料。以碳素钢45#为参考标准,从切削变形、载荷和加工硬化等方面分析不同种类不锈钢的切削加工性;进行刀具材质、结构和切削参数与不锈钢的切削匹配性研究,并进行参数优选;最后对不锈钢切削刀具的性能进行分析,提出不锈钢车削专用刀具设计方法,实现了高效切削和优异刀具使用寿命双重目标,研究数据以期为难加工材料的高效车削提供参考。