浦城县华支睾吸虫病监测调查

目的调查浦城县华支睾吸虫病流行情况,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法按地理方位选取5个村整群抽样,用问卷调查人群寄生虫病防治知识知晓率,对人群和保虫宿主粪便、中间宿主淡水鱼(压片)镜检,调查寄生虫感染率。结果人群寄生虫病防病知识知晓率仅14.7%(22/150),寄生虫感染率3.7%(37/1 000),其中华支睾吸虫感染率0.4%。保虫宿主粪便寄生虫感染率42.9%(12/28),其中华支睾吸虫感染率0.4%。中间宿主淡水鱼华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染率72.3%,麦穗鱼感染率达97.3%,每条鱼平均华支睾吸虫囊蚴数为18个。结论浦城县人群寄生虫防治知识知晓率较低,淡水鱼华支睾吸虫感染率较高。应加强健康教育,提高寄生虫病防治知识知晓率,降低寄生虫病感染率。     

B超显像对华支睾吸虫病筛查的临床价值

顺德地区是华支睾吸虫病的高度感染区,调查人群感染率为59.5%[1]。因本病症状及病程差异很大,不典型病例容易误诊和漏诊。华支睾吸虫病的肝胆超     

生态环境改变对华支睾吸虫病流行的影响

目的研究南水北调后微山湖区生态环境改变对华支睾吸虫病流行的影响。方法调查湖区微山县的自然环境、水面积变化并对动物感染华支睾吸虫情况进行流行病学及居民的卫生状况调查。应用改良加藤氏（Kato-kata）厚涂片法粪检易感人群。结果南水北调后湖区水面积扩大，污染得到治理，有利于中间宿主水生动物繁殖和扩散。本次调查，麦穗鱼囊蚴感染率为3．14％，淡水螺体内未检出幼虫，家猫成虫感染率38．46％。人群华支睾吸虫感染率为0．06％，居民的华支睾吸虫病防治知识贫乏。结论微山湖区生态环境的改变，居民不良卫生习惯，可能导致华支睾吸虫病的流行和扩散；通过华支睾吸虫病防治知识的广泛宣传和教育，制定相应的防治措施，可防止华支睾吸虫病在湖区流行。     

佛山市顺德区华支睾吸虫病流行现况调查

[目的]了解顺德区人群华支睾吸虫的感染情况,探讨华支睾吸虫病的感染方式、途径等流行病学特征,为大规模开展华支睾吸虫病的防治工作和评价防治效果提供科学依据.[方法]用单纯整群随机抽样方法抽取样本,用改良加藤厚涂片法粪检华支睾吸虫卵并计数.[结果]共调查2100人,发现感染华支睾吸虫为813人,感染率为38.70%.男性感染率46.90%高于女性感染率30.80%,二者间差异有统计学意义(λ2=57.52,P<0.05).各年龄组均有感染,人群感染率随年龄增长而升高,各年龄组华支睾吸虫的感染率差异有统计学意义(λ2=227.195,P<0.05).49.8%的被调查者吃过淡水鱼生,84.3%的家庭刀具、砧板没有生熟分开,人群对华支睾吸虫病相关知识知晓率偏低,对华支睾吸虫病危害重视不足.[结论]顺德区人群华支睾吸虫感染仍属高度流行区,当地群众的不良生活及饮食习惯仍是华支睾吸虫病传播的最主要途径.     

韶关市华支睾吸虫病流行概况

为摸清华支睾吸虫病在我市的分布状况及流行特点，自1980年以来，我们先后在市属各县（市、区）布点进行了华支睾吸虫病流行病学调查，现将调查情况报道如下。1人群感染情况用清水沉淀法对各调查点居民进行粪便检查华支睾吸虫卵，结果发现全市11个县（市、区）均有本病流行，人群平均感染率为7．8％。其中南雄市感染率高达22．6％，其余各县（市、区）感染率均在10％以下（表1）。表1韶关市华支睾吸虫感染情况对曲江、南雄和市区1352例感染者作虫卵计数，结果轻度感染（虫卵少于1000个／g粪）1276例，占94．4％，中度感染（虫卵在1000～9999…     

吉林省人体华支睾吸虫感染现状及防治对策

华支睾吸虫病是吉林省流行比较严重的人体寄生虫病之一。笔者自1997-2010年在全省开展了华支睾吸虫感染调查,调查结果如下。1人群感染率与地区分布情况在全省共调查7个市(州),13个县(市、区),42个乡镇的21 112人,其中华支睾吸虫感染755人,平均感染率为3.58%。在土源性线虫调查点检     

广西上林县某地华支睾吸虫病流行情况调查

目的 了解当地人群华支睾吸虫感染现状及其近20年变化情况.方法 采用改良加藤厚涂片(Kato-katz)法检查人群粪便虫卵,将人群感染现状与当地第1、第2次全国调查数据比较,分析调查人群华支睾吸虫感染20年变化情况.结果检查835人,275人(32.93.%)感染华支睾吸虫.男性感染率47.98%(214/446),为女性感染率15.68%(61/389)的3.06倍;50～岁组最高(53.21%),其中男性感染率达78.33%.华支睾吸虫显著高于蛔虫、钩虫、鞭虫的感染率而成为当地优势寄生虫虫种.275名感染者中,轻、中、重度感染分别占54.55%、33.45%和12.00%.与1989年第1次全国调查比,当地20年来人群华支睾吸虫感染率显著升高.结论 上林县某地华支睾吸虫病流行严重,应采取综合性措施加以防控.     

广西重点人群华支睾吸虫病感染状况分析

目的了解广西重点人群华支睾吸虫病感染状况及相关影响因素,为制定华支睾吸虫病防治策略提供依据。方法对2011年-2013年来诊的华支睾吸虫病症状可疑、肝胆异常或有生食淡水鱼虾习惯等重点人群,进行华支睾吸虫病血清学检测和粪便病原学检查。结果共检测5 163例,华支睾吸虫感染2 177例,感染率为42.17%。不同年龄组人群感染率不同,感染率最高的年龄组分布在31岁~40岁。男性感染率为50.46%,女性感染率为27.82%,男、女性别间比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。不同职业间感染率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其中个体户的感染率最高,为50.42%;学生感染率最低,为33.66%。γ-谷氨酰转移酶(GGT)异常率最高,为39.00%。结论广西重点人群华支睾吸虫病感染率高于一般人群,对重点人群应加强防治,同时加强卫生宣传教育,防止感染,普查普治,有效控制人群华支睾吸虫病的感染。     

华支睾吸虫病合并HBV感染情况调查

广西是华支睾吸虫病重度流行区 ,平均感染率高达２１．８０ %［１］。同时 ,我区也是乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）感染高发区 ,人群中成人ＨＢＶ携带率为１６．００%［２］。一般认为 ,华支睾吸虫病肝损害时 ,易合并感染ＨＢＶ ,而ＨＢＶ又可促使华支睾吸虫病迁延不愈［３］。广西华支睾吸虫病合并ＨＢＶ感染情况尚未见报道。为此 ,我们进行了调查 ,报告如下。１材料和方法１．１标本来源血清标本取自１９９６～１９９８年在我所门诊检查的华支睾吸虫病人 ,共２４１例。患者分布于广西各县、市 ,年龄最小为１３岁 ,最大为６８岁 ,男性２１７例 ,女性…     

广西25县市华支睾吸虫感染调查

广西２５县市华支睾吸虫感染调查李树林，何刚，韦美璧，谭裕光，朱群友，商少明，张理亭，黄铿凌，朱方争为了解本区当前华支睾吸虫病流行情况，近年来我们在邕宁等２５县市５５个乡村开展华支睾吸虫病流行病学调查，现将调查结果报告如下：１调查地点及方法以历年病例报...     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

The occurrence of antimicrobial substances in toilet,sink and shower drainpipes of clinical units: A neglected source of antibiotic residues

Antibiotics represent one of the most important drug groups used in the management of bacterial infections in humans and animals. Due to the increasing problem of antibiotic resistance, assurance of the antibacterial effectiveness of these substances has moved into the focus of public health. The reduction in antibiotic residues in wastewater and the environment may play a decisive role in the development of increasing rates of antibiotic resistance. The present study examines the wastewater of 31 patient rooms of various German clinics for possible residues of antibiotics, as well as the wastewater of five private households as a reference.To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that in hospitals with high antibiotic consumption rates, residues of these drugs can be regularly detected in toilets, sink siphons and shower drains at concentrations ranging from 0.02?μg·L^?1 to a maximum of 79?mg·L^?1. After complete flushing of the wastewater siphons, antibiotics are no longer detectable, but after temporal stagnation, the concentration of the active substances in the water phases of respective siphons increases again, suggesting that antibiotics persist through the washing process in biofilms. This study demonstrates that clinical wastewater systems offer further possibilities for the optimization of antibiotic resistance surveillance.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.