mPEG-PLA的合成及吡喹酮聚合物胶束的制备

目的 合成聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸(mPEG-PLA)嵌段共聚物,制备吡喹酮mPEG-PLA嵌段共聚物胶束,提高吡喹酮在水中的溶解度.方法 采用开环聚合反应合成mPEG-PLA嵌段共聚物,并通过IR、1H-HMR确证其结构;采用溶剂蒸发法制备共聚物胶束,分别用扫描电镜观察其形态,激光散射法测定其粒径,HPLC法测定其载药量、包封率及饱和溶解度.结果 制备了3种不同嵌段组成的共聚物胶束,扫描电镜下观察为近球形;共聚物胶束的粒径和载药量受有机溶剂种类和用量、共聚物嵌段比例等因素的影响;通过筛选得到有机溶剂为丙酮,油水比为1:4,共聚物嵌段组成为mPEG2000-PLA5000为最适条件;得到胶束的平均粒径为(34.5±5.1) nm,载药量为(19.6±1.8)％,包封率为(74.2±1.6)％.结论 mPEG-PIA聚合物胶束可作为疏水性药物吡喹酮的载体,具有较高的载药性能,能一定程度提高吡喹酮在水中的溶解度.     

PEG-I-dC16 酸敏释药胶束的制备与体外评价

目的构建聚乙二醇-亚胺键-棕榈酸酯(PEG-I-d C16)酸敏释药纳米胶束,并考察载阿霉素胶束在体外的抗肿瘤活性及药物被细胞摄取的情况。方法通过透析法制备载阿霉素胶束,采用紫外法测定胶束的载药量和包封率,并用粒度仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位。进一步采用MTT法测定其体外抗肿瘤活性,用流式细胞仪测定其细胞摄取量,并用激光共聚焦观察细胞核内的药物蓄积量。结果分子量为2000的PEG胶束的载药量和包封率分别为(12.7±1.1)%和(49.8±2.2)%,平均粒径为(72.3±2.5)nm。酸敏释药胶束的细胞药物摄取量与细胞毒性均高于非酸敏释药胶束,且在细胞核的药物蓄积量也比非酸敏胶束高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 PEG-I-d C16酸敏释药胶束可增加细胞或细胞核对阿霉素的摄取量,提高其体外抗肿瘤效果,为开发肿瘤靶向给药系统提供了研究基础。     

阿霉素-五味子乙素pH敏感聚合物胶束的制备与制剂学性质

目的以p H敏感聚合物聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚组氨酸[poly(ethyleneglyco1)-poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(L-histidine),m PEG-PLA-PHis]胶束为载体,联合包载抗肿瘤药物阿霉素与多药耐药逆转剂五味子乙素制备聚合物胶束,并对其制剂学性质进行研究。方法采用薄膜分散法制备阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束,以包封率、载药量和稳定性(载药胶束24 h的包封率和载药量变化)为评价指标,采用单因素试验及Box-Behnken效应面法筛选最优处方;应用透射电子显微镜观察载药胶束的外观形态,动态光散射法测定载药胶束的粒径及zeta电位;透析法考察载药胶束在不同p H条件下的释药行为。结果制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束平均粒径为64.73 nm,zeta电位为-8.7 m V。最优处方中阿霉素包封率为95.3%,载药量为8.7%,五味子乙素包封率为76.1%,载药量为3.4%,载药胶束稳定性较好。体外释放结果表明,所制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束在弱酸性条件下,药物释放速率明显加快。结论采用星点设计-效应面法优化处方与制备工艺,所制备的阿霉素-五味子乙素p H敏感聚合物胶束粒径分布均匀,包封率和载药量良好,具有明显的p H响应行为。     

他克莫司载药胶束的制备与制剂学性质

目的以聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚乳酸[methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide),m PEG-PLA]嵌段共聚物为载体材料,制备他克莫司载药胶束,考察其制剂学性质。方法采用薄膜分散法制备他克莫司载药胶束。超速离心法测定他克莫司载药胶束的载药量和包封率。以载药量、包封率、粒径以及粒径分布为评价指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验优化他克莫司载药胶束制备处方。应用透射电镜、粒度测定仪和zeta电位分析仪对他克莫司载药胶束的形态、粒径和电位进行表征。结果在优化条件下制备的他克莫司载药胶束载药量为7.77%,包封率为84.31%,胶束粒子外观圆整且分散良好,平均粒径为23.20 nm,PDI为0.058,zeta电位为-0.831 m V。结论单因素试验联合正交试验可有效地优化他克莫司m PEG-PLA胶束处方和制备工艺。优化条件下制备的他克莫司载药胶束具有较高的载药量和包封率,粒径较小且分布均匀,24 h内稳定性良好。     

阿霉素温度/pH双敏型自组装嵌段共聚物胶束的制备

本文用透析法制备了新型温度/pH双敏自组装嵌段共聚物聚组氨酸-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚组氨酸 (OLH-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-OLH) 胶束, 采用荧光探针技术测定其不同温度下临界胶束浓度 (CMC); 用透析法测定共聚物胶束的包封率和载药量; 对胶束的粒径、形态和表面电位进行考察, 并对阿霉素胶束的体外释药和pH敏感性进行了研究。CMC介于0.022 4～0.001 7 μg·mL⁻¹, 胶束包封率为92.8%, 载药量为15.7%; 载药胶束粒径为 (61.7 ± 13.4) nm, zeta电位为−9.88 mV; 阿霉素的体外释药速率随pH降低 (pH 7.4～5.0) 而增加。结果表明, 胶束的CMC随温度升高而降低, 体外释药具有明显的pH敏感性, 该载体材料作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向传递系统具有较好的应用前景。     

紫杉醇载药胶束的制备及体外评价

目的以胆酸修饰的聚乙二醇单甲醚-聚丙交酯-胆酸(m PEG-PDLLA-CA)聚合物为载体材料,制备紫杉醇载药胶束,并对载药胶束的处方和工艺进行优化。方法采用芘荧光法测定m PEGPDLLA-CA聚合物的临界胶束质量浓度,薄膜分散法制备紫杉醇载药胶束,以包封率和载药量为指标,应用Box-Behnken设计效应面法优化胶束的制备工艺。结果在优化条件下制备的载药胶束平均粒径为(54.35±1.80)nm,包封率为(92.74±0.64)%,载药量为(24.05±0.16)%,载药胶束在室温条件放置48 h,载药量无显著变化,制剂稳定性良好。结论用Box-Behnken设计效应面法优化紫杉醇载药聚合物胶束的制备工艺,该载药胶束物理稳定性良好,具有广阔的应用前景。     

蓝萼甲素自组装纳米胶束的制备与性质研究

摘要目的制备蓝萼甲素自组装纳米胶束,并考察其性质。方法以三嵌段聚合物聚酯 聚乙二醇（PLGA PEG PLGA）为载体,采用溶剂蒸发法制备蓝萼甲素胶束,并通过正交实验筛选最佳制备工艺;采用芘荧光探针法测定临界胶束浓度（CMC）,透析法测载药胶束包封率和载药量,Zetasizer nano ZS仪测定其粒径和Zeta电位,透射电镜观察形态,并对其体外释放进行研究。结果胶束的CMC为2.5×10－3 mg&#8226;mL－1;平均粒径（62.49±0.60）nm,电位为（－25.4±0.4） mV;平均包封率（84.85±2.00）%;平均载药量（5.36±1.00）%;体外缓释约12 h,符合Higuchi方程。结论用三嵌段聚合物PLGA PEG PLGA可制备蓝萼甲素纳米胶束,因其缓释和纳米粒度特性而具有良好的应用前景。     

紫杉醇pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束的制备与体外评价

目的应用pH敏感聚组氨酸-聚乳酸-聚乙二醇(poly(L-histidine)-poly(D,L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol),PHis-PLA-mPEG)聚合物为载体材料,采用溶剂挥发法制备紫杉醇pH敏感嵌段共聚物胶束,并对其体外性质进行评价。方法采用芘荧光探针法测定PHis-PLA-mPEG聚合物的临界胶束浓度(critical micelle concentration,CMC);超速离心法测定紫杉醇共聚物胶束的包封率和载药量;分别利用动态光散射法和Zeta电位分析仪对胶束的粒径分布和表面电位进行测定;采用透析法测定载药胶束在不同pH条件下的体外释药行为。结果 PHis-PLA-mPEG临界胶束质量浓度为8.9 mg·L-1,胶束载药量质量分数为8%;包封率可达90%以上;载药胶束的平均粒径为150.2nm,PDI为0.097,粒度分布较窄,Zeta电位为-14.3 mV;载药胶束在弱酸性条件下,药物释放行为明显加快。结论 PHis-PLA-mPEG聚合物载体材料具有较好的pH敏感释药行为,其作为抗肿瘤药物的靶向传递系统具有较好的应用前景。     

载多柔比星PEG-PLGA纳米胶束制备及其抗三阴性乳腺癌作用

目的制备载多柔比星(Dox)聚乙二醇-聚乳酸聚乙醇酸(PEG-PLGA)纳米胶束,并研究其抗三阴性乳腺癌作用。方法以D,L-丙交酯和乙交酯为原料,采用本体聚合法合成PEG-PLGA共聚物,通过透析法制备Dox-PEG-PLGA纳米胶束;核磁共振1HNMR对其结构进行表征;透射电子显微镜观察纳米粒形态;激光粒度仪测定平均粒径、粒径分布;紫外分光度法测定纳米粒的载药率、包封率及体外释放;MTT法评价Dox-PEG-PLGA对鼠TNBC细胞4T1的细胞毒性,并通过流式细胞术和激光共聚焦显微镜检测药物内吞。结果制备的纳米胶束呈圆形,大小较为均一,平均粒径约为135 nm,载药率为(9.70±0.33)%,包封率为(71.63±1.33)%;且工艺重现性良好,在96 h下呈现缓慢释放。Dox和Dox-PEGPLGA 24 h半数抑制浓度(IC50)分别为2.355 428和14.446 3μg·mL~(-1)。结论 Dox-PEG-PLGA纳米胶束具有较小的粒径、良好的缓释性能并能显著提高抗肿瘤效能。     

温度/pH双敏感嵌段共聚物胶束的体外性质研究

本文采用透析法制备了新型温度/pH双敏感聚组氨酸-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚乙二醇-聚乳酸羟基乙酸-聚组氨酸(PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis)嵌段共聚物的空白胶束与阿霉素(DOX)载药胶束。采用荧光探针技术测定其临界胶束浓度(CMC);应用光透射法研究了聚合物胶束的温度和pH敏感性质;测定了阿霉素载药胶束的粒径、形态、包封率和载药量;并对阿霉素载药胶束的温度和pH响应释药行为进行了研究。结果表明,制备的嵌段共聚物的临界胶束浓度为7.5×10-3 g.L-1;随胶束溶液温度升高或pH降低,其透光率升高;载药胶束的包封率为(85.2±3.1)%,载药量为(10.4±4.5)%;载药胶束粒径为(91.1±15.8)nm,为类球形结构;与模拟生理条件下(37℃,pH 7.4)释药行为相比,升高温度(41℃)、降低pH(pH 7.0、pH 6.5、pH 5.0)和同时升温并降低pH(41℃,pH 5.0)后胶束释药行为明显加快,表明该胶束的释药行为具有温度和pH敏感性。研究结果可见,PHis-b-PLGA-b-PEG-b-PLGA-b-PHis共聚物胶束具有pH/温度双重响应性质,有望成为抗肿瘤...     

盐酸倍他洛尔/蒙脱石微球滴眼剂的制备及初步刺激性考察

目的制备新型盐酸倍他洛尔/蒙脱石微球滴眼剂并研究其初步刺激性。方法以蒙脱石为离子交换载体材料,用2种处方以O_1/O_2溶剂挥发法制备盐酸倍他洛尔缓释微球;对比微球的载药量和包封率等物化性能以得到最优处方,并将最优处方制备的微球制成滴眼剂以研究其初步刺激性。结果最优处方为丙烯酸树脂300mg(RS∶RL=1∶3),柠檬酸三乙酯60mg,甘油30mg,乳化剂400mg(吐温-80∶司盘-80=1∶2),盐酸倍他洛尔30mg,蒙脱石50mg,内外相体积比为1∶6。最优处方制得的微球载药量和包封率分别为14.31%和94.35%,初步刺激性实验显示微球滴眼剂对眼部组织无明显刺激性。结论微球制备方法简便易行,重复性好;制备的微球滴眼剂无明显刺激性,具有广阔的应用前景。     

Folate-conjugated methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)/poly (L-Alanine) amphiphilic block copolymeric micelles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel

Folate has been used as a targeting moiety of various anticancer agents to increase their cellular uptake within target cells since folate receptors(FR) are vastly overexpressed in many tumors. In this study, amphiphilic block copolymers composed of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)(MPEG) and poly(L-Alanine)(PALA) were synthesized and then conjugated with folate to produce a folate receptor-targeted drug carrier for tumor-specific drug delivery. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by 1HNMR. The CMC values of MPEG-PALA(PLAM) and FOL-PALA-MPEG(FOL-PLAM) were 0.678?×?10?? mol/L and 0.864?×?10?? mol/L, respectively. The paclitaxel loaded micelles prepared from PLAM and FOL-PLAM both exhibited spherical shapes and nano-scale dimensions. The average diameter, encapsulation efficiency(EE), drug loading efficiency(LC) were 55 nm, 80.6%, 20.2% for the PLAM micelles and 75 nm, 69.7%, 17.4% for FOL-PLAM micelles. Furthermore, in vitro release study indicated that the release rate of paclitaxel from both drug-loaded micelles was slow and sustained.     

Genistein-loaded poloxamer 403/407 mixed micelles: preparation and pharmacokinetic study in rats

In the present study, we aimed to prepare poloxamer 403/407 mixed micelles in order to improve the solubility and oral bioavailability of genistein.Genistein was incorporated in the mixed poloxamer micelles by thin-film hydration method, and its physicochemical properties, including particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and drug loading, were investigated.In vitro release of genistein from the mixed micelles was monitored by dialysis method, and pharmacokinetic study of genistein loaded mixed micelles was carried out in rats. We found that the particle size and zeta potential of mixed micelles were (20.31±0.43) nm and (–8.94±0.35) mV, with encapsulation efficiency 90.59%±0.67% and drug loading 7.74%±0.05%. Solubility of genistein in mixed micelles reached 3.80 mg/mL, which was about 130 times higher than that in water.Genistein-loaded mixed micelles showed sustained release characteristics in vitro with no burst release phenomenon, but it was faster than suspension.The AUC_0–t andAUC_0–∞ of mixed micelles were 196.74% and 204.62% greater than that of genisein suspension, respectively.Consequently,poloxamer 403/407 mixed micelles significantly improved the solubility and oral bioavailability of genistein, which could be used as an effective drug delivery system for oral administration of poorly soluble drugs.     

白介素13介导的卡莫司汀聚合物胶束靶向性治疗脑胶质瘤研究

目的：以白介素13（IL-13）作为肿瘤主动靶向配体,构建能够穿透血脑屏障的胶束递药系统,延长卡莫司汀（carmustine,BCNU）在脑部消除半衰期,以实现其增效减毒。方法：以二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇（DSPE-PEG）/二氨基聚乙二醇硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺（DSPE-PEG-NH2）为载体,包载抗肿瘤药物BCNU,采用薄膜水合法制备载药胶束,再通过EDC/NHS缩合法将IL-13锚定在聚合物胶束的表面,制备具有主动脑靶向能力的胶束载药系统（BCNU-loaded IL-13 modified micelle,BCNU-M-IL13）。通过考察胶束粒径、Zeta电位、形态学、包封率、体外累计释放等指标,评价胶束的药剂学性能;通过MTT法考察载药胶束对人源脑胶质瘤BT325细胞的抗增殖作用;同时通过考察静脉注射载药胶束后脑组织匀浆的药物半衰期,评价其脑部靶向及滞留性能。结果：BCNU-M-IL13粒径为（86.6±1.2） nm,表面电位为（-18.6±2.1） mV,透射电镜结果显示胶束外观圆整,粒径分布窄,BCNU载药量为（3.8±0.1）%,包封率为（93.5±2.7）%;其48 h累计释放率为（48.6±2.7）%;体外抗肿瘤活性实验表明BCNU-M-IL13对BT325的IC50为（44.9±0.5）μmol·L-1;脑组织匀浆的半衰期为1.7 h。结论：本研究首次制备得到BCNU-M-IL13,制备工艺简单,并对其制剂学性质进行了考察,结果表明其制剂学性能优异,且与游离药物相比,体外抗肿瘤活性明显增强,脑内半衰期得到显著改善。     

Folate-conjugated methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)/poly (L-Alanine) amphiphilic block copolymeric micelles for targeted delivery of paclitaxel

Folate has been used as a targeting moiety of various anticancer agents to increase their cellular uptake within target cells since folate receptors(FR) are vastly overexpressed in many tumors. In this study, amphiphilic block copolymers composed of methoxy poly (ethylene glycol)(MPEG) and poly(L-Alanine)(PALA) were synthesized and then conjugated with folate to produce a folate receptor-targeted drug carrier for tumor-specific drug delivery. The structure of the copolymers was confirmed by ¹HNMR. The CMC values of MPEG-PALA(PLAM) and FOL-PALA-MPEG(FOL-PLAM) were 0.678?×?10^?5?mol/L and 0.864?×?10^?5?mol/L, respectively. The paclitaxel loaded micelles prepared from PLAM and FOL-PLAM both exhibited spherical shapes and nano-scale dimensions. The average diameter, encapsulation efficiency(EE), drug loading efficiency(LC) were 55nm, 80.6%, 20.2% for the PLAM micelles and 75nm, 69.7%, 17.4% for FOL-PLAM micelles. Furthermore, in vitro release study indicated that the release rate of paclitaxel from both drug-loaded micelles was slow and sustained.     

姜黄素聚合物胶束的制备及抗肿瘤活性评价

目的:制备姜黄素的维生素E聚乙二醇琥珀酸酯(TPGS)聚合物胶束,从而改善姜黄素的水溶性和抗肿瘤活性。方法:以TPGS为载体材料,采用薄膜水化法制备姜黄素胶束;以包封率和粒径为指标,考察水化温度、水化时间、药载比和水化体积的影响;以包封率、粒径、载药量为指标,经四因素三水平正交试验,确定姜黄素/TPGS胶束的最佳制备工艺;考察姜黄素/TPGS胶束的体外释放度;利用MTT法测试姜黄素/TPGS的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果:姜黄素/TPGS胶束的最佳药载比为1∶40,水化温度为60℃,水化时间为30 min,水化体积为6 mL;所得胶束平均粒径为11.02 nm, Zeta电位为-11.31,载药量为2.65%,包封率为96.20%;姜黄素/TPGS 48 h体外累积释放率为78%,具有一定的缓释性;MTT法表明,姜黄素/TPGS具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。结论:该文采用薄膜水化法制备了一种稳定的姜黄素/TPGS胶束,改善了姜黄素的水溶性,明显提高了其抗肿瘤效果。     

马钱子碱脂质体制备工艺研究

目的优化制备马钱子碱脂质体的处方.方法采用乙醇注入式硫酸铵梯度法制备马钱子碱脂质体;并以马钱子碱脂质体的包封率为主要评价指标,采用正交设计法优化马钱子碱脂质体的配方.结果获得了马钱子碱脂质体的工艺处方:卵磷脂与胆固醇的重量比为6∶1,马钱子碱和卵磷脂的重量比为1∶30,当硫酸铵浓度达到0.15 mol·L-1,卵磷脂的重量与硫酸铵溶液的体积比为12∶1.按该处方工艺制备3批马钱子碱脂质体,包封率平均值为92.17%.结论按照优化处方,可制得包封率稳定,粒径较小且分布较窄的马钱子碱脂质体.     

Optimization of self-assembling properties of fatty acids grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) as nanocarriers for etoposide

The objective of this work was to study the effect of fatty acid chain length grafted to methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) on self assembling properties of micelles for etoposide delivery. Three amphiphilic copolymers were synthesized using mPEG, myristic acid, stearic acid and behenic acid through an esteric linkage. The particle size and zeta potential of the micelles were determined by the dynamic light scattering method. Etoposide was loaded into micelles by film casting using various drug/polymer ratios. Drug release was studied by the dialysis method. The structure of copolymers was confirmed by (1)H NMR and FTIR. Central micellar concentration (CMC) measurements showed that the longer hydrophobic chains formed more thermodynamically stable micelles. Among the prepared copolymers, etoposide showed the highest solubility in the mPEG-behenic copolymer. Drug loading efficiency depended on the hydrophobic chain length and drug/polymer ratio. The highest drug loading efficiency was found in mPEG-myristic micelles with 1:20 drug/polymer ratio. Micelles released 80 % of loaded drug within about 5 h.     

去氢骆驼蓬碱长循环磁纳米脂质体的制备及体外性质的研究

目的制备去氢骆驼蓬碱长循环磁纳米脂质体并对其体外性质进行考察。方法采用紫外分光光度法测定去氢骆驼蓬碱的质量浓度;采用逆相蒸发法制备去氢骆驼蓬碱磁纳米脂质体,并用被动载药法包裹去氢骆驼蓬碱;测定脂质体的粒径、电位、包封率、Fe2+质量浓度、释放度并进行电镜观察。结果建立了紫外分光光度法测定去氢骆驼蓬碱质量浓度的方法,去氢骆驼蓬碱在2.0~12.0μg·mL~(-1)范围内线性关系较好(r=0.999 6),回收率为102.0%。去氢骆驼蓬碱磁纳米脂质体的粒径为297.7nm;药脂比1∶10和1∶20的包封率分别为69.22%和84.55%;Fe2+质量浓度为189.1μg·mL~(-1),体外释放度符合Wuibull方程。结论被动载药法制备的去氢骆驼蓬碱长循环磁纳米脂质体包封率较高,粒径较好,体外释放度符合Wuibull方程。