某型发动机排气歧管热应力分析

对某型发动机排气歧管在高温废气作用下的热应力进行计算.首先计算其流场的温度场数据,并将在流固交界面处的温度和换热系数作为载荷加载到固体表面上,最后计算固体温度场和热应力.热应力计算结果对于改进排气歧管结构和提高排气歧管质量具有一定的参考价值.     

排气歧管热应力模拟计算及缸盖边界条件影响的分析

针对某型号柴油机在热冲击试验过程中排气歧管出现裂纹的问题,利用软件仿真技术进行了排气歧管的热应力模拟计算,分析了产生裂纹的原因。探讨了缸盖建模方法及缸盖设定温度对排气歧管热应力计算的影响。计算结果表明,缸盖限制了排气歧管的自由变形,在排气歧管裂纹出现部位产生较大的应力;在发动机冷热冲击试验时,排气歧管温度的变化造成热应力随之发生变化,导致排气歧管因热疲劳产生裂纹失效;采用简化的缸盖模型与完整缸盖模型所得的排气歧管热应力分布趋势一致,可用于排气歧管的热应力计算。     

基于双向流固耦合的汽油机排气歧管热应力分析

联合AVL-Fire与ABAQUS软件,对一台汽油机排气歧管进行温度场、热应力分析.首先利用AVL-Fire对排气歧管做内外流场CFD分析,得到排气歧管内外表面的热边界条件,即流体温度及换热系数;然后把热边界条件映射到有限元面单元,并通过有限元技术与排气歧管实体单元相耦合,通过ABAQUS算出排气歧管温度场,并把壁面温度场返回作为下一轮CFD计算的边界条件,再重复前一轮计算.如此反复,直至符合精度要求,最后计算热应力.     

CFD-FE耦合计算分析某汽油机排气歧管热负荷

为了在开发设计过程中预测排气歧管的热负荷,采用了计算流体力学-有限元(CFD-FE)耦合计算分析方法.首先用计算流体力学(CFD)软件计算了排气歧管的瞬态内流场和稳态外流场,得到了排气歧管内外壁面的热边界条件.再以此为边界条件,使用有限元软件计算了排气歧管的温度场,并以此温度场为边界条件,计箅了其热应力和热变形.结果表明,在只有热负荷作用时,排气歧管外壁面存在着较大拉应力,最大值为80.4 MPa;最大热变形出现在和排气后处理器相连的法兰盘前端突台上,其值为1.08 mm.     

某柴油机排气歧管流固耦合CAE分析

为了避免柴油机排气歧管出现断裂故障,在其开发过程中需要对其进行分析。本文利用流固耦合方法来分析排气歧管的温度场分布及热应力分布。结果表明:耦合计算包括一维性能计算、三维CFD计算及FEM计算;排气歧管内外壁面最高温度在材料的安全温度范围内;排气歧管最大热应力在材料的屈服强度范围内;在排气歧管的设计开发阶段,对其进行流固耦合分析,可以避免排气歧管出现热裂等故障。     

某四缸柴油机排气歧管开裂故障分析

针对某四缸机排气歧管在可靠性试验中出现开裂故障,从铸造缺陷、化学成分、硬度及金相组织等方面进行分析,并提出了改进方案。用ABAQUS软件对原方案及改进方案进行了温度场和热应力计算分析,分析结果表明:排气歧管开裂故障系热应力过大造成。改进方案已得到试验验证。     

应用FEA-CFD耦合方法对某增压柴油机排气歧管的开裂失效分析及设计改进

针对某直列四缸增压柴油机排气歧管在台架耐久试验中出现开裂现象,应用有限元(finite element analysis,FEA)-计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)耦合方法对排气歧管进行了热应力分析。排气歧管热应力分析模型中的材料性质随着温度变化的关系由试验测定;在相应发动机工况下对模型预测的温度场和台架上测量的排气歧管温度进行对比,以对模型进行标定。应用标定后的模型分析排气歧管在给定热负荷条件下的应力-应变分布。FEACFD耦合分析结果表明:发生开裂的区域为高塑性应变区,从而推论导致排气歧管开裂原因为热力耦合应力作用下产生的塑性变形,即失效形式为热机械疲劳。以等效塑性应变作为塑性变形的度量及许可的等效塑性应变经验值为判据对排气歧管进行了设计改进,并从三种改进方案中找出最安全的方案进行试验验证,改进后的排气歧管顺利通过发动机台架耐久试验考核。     

发动机排气歧管总成热应力及疲劳计算

本文以某型排气歧管总成为研究对象,建立了排气歧管总成固体与内部烟气以及外部空气的对流换热模型,运用Fluent软件对排气歧管内外流场进行数值模拟,在Abaqus软件中进行排气歧管固体的温度场和应力场的计算,并且运用Femfat软件对排气歧管进行疲劳计算。     

发动机排气歧管稳流试验研究

为了分析排气歧管各支路的压力损失,本文对排气歧管进行了稳流试验,并建立了排气歧管的三维实体内流场结构模型,应用计算流体动力学（CFD）三维软件AVL-FIRE仿真了试验条件下排气歧管内流场。由仿真得到的排气歧管进出口压力损失与试验结果具有较好的一致性。对引起排气歧管各支路压力损失差异的原因进行了分析,为排气歧管进行优化提供可靠的依据。     

柴油机排气歧管热疲劳试验加热装置的设计开发

试验温度场与柴油机排气歧管工作的温度场尽可能一致,则可快速验证柴油机排气歧管的改进效果。为了快速验证柴油机排气歧管的优化改进效果,设计开发了一款模拟柴油机排气歧管工作温度场的试验装备。装备采用电磁场分布加热方法,以及通过高温风冷和低温雾冷方式实现柴油机排气歧管实际工况的模拟,这有助于缩短柴油机排气歧管开发周期,降低其开发成本。结果表明：通过改变电源的功率,可以控制加热线圈的加热速率;通过调整加热线圈的磁力线密度,可以改变加热线圈的加热效率,以有效调控柴油机排气歧管的温度场。     

基于CFD的某汽油机排气歧管仿真分析

首先通过一维热力学软件BOOST计算排气歧管的边界条件,然后通过三维CFD软件FIRE计算排气歧管内部的气体流动情况。该计算为瞬态计算,选择了额定工况、倒拖工况以及怠速工况三个典型工况点。通过计算,得到了排气歧管的换热系数分布以及温度分布。     

Thermal analysis of nanostructured alumina stabilized zirconia coating on exhaust manifold

Rapid rise in pollution has increased the number of automobiles usage worldwide. The exhaust manifold is an important part in the automobile since it acts as a passage for the transport of exhaust gases from the combustion chamber to the atmosphere. It is a sensitive component since it handles high-temperature exhaust gases. Continuous exposure of high-temperature exhaust gas may cause thermal stress which decreases the life of the exhaust manifold. Cast iron or steel is the most common material used for exhaust manifold. The present study deals with the improvement of material properties of exhaust manifold. In order to optimize the cast iron properties such as thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance, a zirconia-based nanocomposite coating such as alumina stabilized Zirconia (ASZ) can be coated on both sides of the exhaust manifold, instead of replacing the whole material. By coating nano structured ASZ, the amount of heat flow from exhaust gases to the exhaust manifold is decreased, thereby reducing the thermal fatigue. The method of coating can be achieved by radio frequency Magnetron sputtering technique. A steady-state thermal analysis is performed by simulation approach using ANSYS R17.2 to validate the output in the numerical approach. The results obtained shows that ASZ nanocomposite coating acts as an efficient thermal barrier coating for the exhaust manifold thus increasing its reliability.     

微型汽车发动机排气系统优化设计——基于流体数值模拟的应用研究

为了研究排气系统设计对整机的动力性、经济性及排放性能的影响,通过一维三维的数值模拟方法,分析了原排气歧管存在的排气干涉的问题,对新旧设计进行了一维模拟计算对比。利用CFD/FEM耦合方法,计算了在最大功率点排气歧管的温度分布及热应力分布。通过三维CFD计算,分析了氧传感器位置气流分布及催化转化器前端气流均匀性。制造排气系统实物并进行台架试验,结果表明整机性能有了显著的提高,并且耐久性与排放符合设计要求。     

基于温度场分布的排气歧管总成模态分析方法

在分析了温度对材料弹性模量及结构模态影响的基础上,提出了基于温度场分布的发动机排气歧管总成模态分析方法,即首先对排气歧管总成进行传热分析,以获得各部件的温度场分布,进而计算其在所得温度场分布下的模态频率与振型。针对某增压发动机的排气歧管总成,进行了不考虑温度影响、设置某一温度下材料弹性模量值与基于温度场分布三种方式的模态分析,结果表明基于温度场分布的模态分析方法更能准确的反映排气歧管总成在高温工况下的模态振型与频率。     

传热对增压器径流涡轮叶片温度分布的影响

采用共轭传热计算方法,对某柴油发动机废气涡轮增压器径流涡轮流场进行了数值模拟,对比了叶轮在绝热和传热条件下温度分布的差别,研究了传热边界对叶轮温度分布的影响。结果表明,绝热条件下,叶片两侧的温度存在显著的温差,并且从叶轮进口到出口也有明显的温降;而传热条件下,相同叶高下的叶片表面温度分布近乎于一条直线,压力面和吸力面的温度几乎相同;在热平衡条件下,叶轮实体内的温度范围很小,不超过10 K,温度梯度较小表明由温差引起的热应力很小。     

Experimental study of the interactions between long and short-term unsteady heat transfer responses on the in-cylinder and exhaust manifold diesel engine surfaces

The paper presents the results from the analysis of an experimental investigation with the aim to provide insight to the cyclic, instantaneous heat transfer phenomena occurring in both the cylinder head and exhaust manifold wall surfaces of a direct injection (DI), air-cooled diesel engine. The mechanism of cyclic heat transfer is investigated during engine transient events, viz. after a sudden change in engine speed and/or load, both for the combustion chamber and exhaust manifold surfaces. These results are then compared with relevant experimental data from steady state operation which in the present case are used as reference helping to reveal any potential influences of each transient event on cyclic heat transfer. The experimental installation allowed both long- and short-term signal types to be recorded on a common time reference base during the transient event. Processing of experimental data was accomplished using a modified version of one-dimensional heat conduction theory with Fourier analysis, capable to cater for the special characteristics of transient engine operation. Based on this model, the evolution of local surface heat flux during a transient event was calculated. Two engine transient events are examined, which present a key difference in the way the load and speed changes are imposed on each one of them. From the analysis of experimental results it is confirmed that each thermal transient event consists of two distinguished phases the “thermodynamic” and the “structural” one which are appropriately configured and analyzed. In the case of a severe variation, in the first 20 cycles after the beginning of the transient event, the wall surface temperature amplitude on cylinder head was almost three times higher than the one observed at the “normal” temperature oscillations occurring during the steady state operation. At the same time, peak pressure values in the same cycles are increased by almost 15% above their corresponding values at the final steady state. The same phenomena are valid for the exhaust manifold surfaces but on a moderated scale.     

Measurements and analysis of load and speed effects on the instantaneous wall heat fluxes in a direct injection air‐cooled diesel engine

This work presents an experimental analysis which is carried out to study the instantaneous heat fluxes, during the engine cycle, in the cylinder head and exhaust manifold of a direct injection, air‐cooled, four‐stroke diesel engine. For temperature measurements, a new pre‐amplification unit for fast response thermocouples, appropriate heat flux sensors and an innovative, object‐oriented, control code for fast data acquisition have been designed and developed at the authors' laboratory. The experimental installation separates the engine transient temperature signals into two parts; namely the ‘long’‐ and the ‘short’‐term response ones; followed by their discrete processing in two independent data acquisition systems. One‐dimensional heat conduction with Fourier analysis of the raw temperature data are implemented in order to calculate the instantaneous engine combustion chamber and exhaust pipe heat fluxes. This study concentrates on the correct interpretation of the measured temporal variations of heat fluxes and the examination of the effect of engine load and speed on the cylinder head and exhaust manifold heat flux losses. Many interesting aspects of transient engine heat transfer are revealed. The simultaneous presentation of heat fluxes on the cylinder head and exhaust manifold, together with the engine indicator diagram, sheds light into the mechanisms governing transient heat transfer during an engine cycle. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

燃气锅炉烟气在滴型管外传热特性的数值分析

在回收燃气锅炉烟气余热时,采用特殊管型强化传热以吸收烟气中大量的水蒸气所携带的显热和潜热,可以降低锅炉的排烟温度,提高锅炉的热效率。对滴型管和圆管烟气侧传热特性进行数值计算,通过对计算结果的分析比较,探讨了影响传热的因素,得出滴型管的传热特性优于圆管的结论,为特殊管型在冷凝换热器中的应用提供参考。