电子束CT在腔内隔绝术治疗B型胸主动脉夹层的临床应用价值

目的：探计电子束CT(EBCT)在腔内隔绝术(EVGE)治疗胸主动脉夹层中的临床应用价值。方法：5例胸主动脉B型夹层，术前术后均经电子来CT血管造影(EBA)，采用连续客积增强扫描模式。术前测量内膜片破口距左锁舍下动脉的距离、瘤体近端正常主动脉弓最大直径、升主动脉直径和瘤体最大直径；术后测量真腔及腹主动脉直径、观察假腔内血肿情况，并与术前对照。三维重建方法主要采用最大密度投影法(MIP)、曲面重建法(CPR)及容积再现法(VRT)。结果：根据测量数据选定的移植物规格、型号，经手术证实符合要求；术后随访可见支架均放置于真腔内，真腔扩大；假腔缩小，并有血栓形成。结论：电子来CT增强扫描图像可获得精确的术前评估参数及进行无创的术后随访，较其它影像学方法更具临床应用价值。     

螺旋CT在主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术治疗中的应用价值

目的 探讨螺旋CT血管成像在主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后评估中的应用价值。方法 31例StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术采用螺旋CT评估,26例单用螺旋CT评估,5例加做MR血管造影（MRA）,判断裂口位置、夹层真假腔、夹层范围。结果 螺旋CT显示近端裂口的敏感性为100％,夹层动脉瘤真假腔的识别率为100％;近端裂口位置与术中DSA所见相符合者29例,准确性为93．54％,2例与DSA不符合者,未影响手术方案以及移植物的选择。夹层范围识别的准确性为100％,基于CT结果选择移植物的准确性为100％。结论 CT增强像适合裂口的评判、相关数据的采集。其他多种方式的重建有利于整体解剖形态、夹层范围的观察。模拟内窥镜成像对裂口观察有较大帮助。螺旋CT在腔内隔绝术的术前评估中有重要价值,可作为常规术前检查。     

应用国产覆膜支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的:评价应用国产覆膜支架治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的安全性及临床疗效.方法:自2005 - 05～2009 - 12对38例Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤实施了腔内隔绝术.其中男29例,女9例;年龄(54±12)岁.经CT增强扫描或磁共振成像(MRJ)确诊.切开左或右股动脉置入覆膜支架,封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,随访行CT或MRI检查.结果:支架置入全部成功,术后即刻造影36例无内漏,2例见少量内漏.降主动脉及腹主动脉真腔均明显扩大,远端降主动脉及分支供血均有不同程度改善.住院期间及随访1年内无患者死亡,发生主动脉腔内隔绝术后综合征3例.结论:应用国产覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤是一种操作简便、安全、成功率高、并发症少,疗效可靠的介入方法.     

Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术后主动脉重塑效果

目的 系统性回顾Standford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术(TEVAR)后主动脉重塑结果.方法 检索已发表的评估TEVAR术后主动脉重塑文献,系统性回顾Standford B型主动脉夹层形态学测量方法及结果.共纳入19篇文献,其中仅3篇文献采用三维重建软件进行测量.各文献测量变量多为夹层真腔、假腔直径或面积,仅有少数文献计算了真假腔体积.结果 各文献测量的主动脉平面、术后随访时间及测量方法不同,无法进行数据整合.但总体趋势为急性B型夹层患者术后主动脉重塑效果(胸主动脉假腔血栓化比率为80％～90％)优于慢性患者(38％～91.3％),且更具有一致性;降主动脉术后假腔完全血栓化比率高于腹主动脉,降主动脉近端的主动脉重塑效果良好,膈肌角平面以下重塑效果较差.结论 尽管TEVAR术后主动脉重塑的描述方式各异,但多数文献显示夹层累及主动脉范围广者术后重塑效果差,与夹层远端裂口旷置有关.覆膜支架长度、治疗时间等因素对术后重塑均有影响.统一的评估标准有利于评估主动脉重塑效果,并为临床决策提供更有力的科学支持.     

覆膜血管内支架治疗急性StanfordB型主动脉夹层动脉瘤8例报告

目的:观察覆膜血管内支架治疗急性Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床疗效.方法:应用覆膜血管内支架腔内隔绝术.结果:8例病人覆膜支架均一次释放成功,无释放多个支架的病例.2例患者因破口距LSA<1.5 cm封堵了LSA,均无脑供血不足及截瘫发生.结论:覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型急性主动脉夹层动脉瘤,封闭了夹层近端破口,扩大了主动脉真腔,改善了腹腔脏器血供是一种安全有效的方法.     

三维DSA在主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术中的应用

目的 探讨旋转三维重建数字减影血管成像(3D DSA)在主动脉夹层腔内隔绝术中的应用价值.方法 2006年1月至2010年5月,25例胸主动脉夹层患者接受腔内隔绝术治疗,其中5例患者CTA以及常规DSA均不能显示破口位置,我们对其采用了3D DSA检查.结果 通过3D DSA清楚显示破口,成功实施支架置入术.结论 3D...     

腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层(附25例临床分析)

目的 探讨腔内隔绝术治疗胸主动脉夹层的方法和疗效。方法 对25例(年龄42～72岁；男23例，女2例)胸主动脉夹层患者行腔内隔绝术，并进行临床分析和随访，评价其临床改善程度与真假腔的变化。结果 在全麻下25例均成功进行了胸主动脉夹层的血管腔内隔绝术，其中1例为Standford A型，共使用Talent带膜血管支架28个，术中造影证实夹层裂口完全封闭或内漏显著减少，无术中严重并发症及死亡发生，25例随访2～20个月，临床效果良好，假腔内血栓形成。结论 应用带膜血管内支架行腔内隔绝术是治疗胸主动脉夹层安全有效的方法，尤其在亚急性期或慢性期应作为首选的治疗方法。     

多层螺旋CT造影在主动脉病变腔内修复术后随访的价值

目的:探讨多层螺旋CT血管造影(multi-detector rowspiral computed tomography angiography,MDCTA)及后处理技术在主动脉覆膜支架腔内修复术(transluminal stent-graft placement,TSGP)术后随访的临床应用价值。方法:21例接受TSGP主动脉疾病患者,包括:Stanford B型夹层13例,真性动脉瘤3例,假性动脉瘤2例,弓降部穿透性溃疡1例,胸主动脉瘤合并局限性夹层1例,胸主动脉瘤合并Stanford B型夹层1例,术后采用MDCTA进行随访,平均随访13个月(1~24个月)。采用轴位图像与多种重建图像相结合来显示支架形态、术前术后主动脉管腔情况的变化和有无并发症。结果:13例主动脉夹层覆膜支架置入后:所有患者均真腔扩大,假腔减小或消失并伴血栓形成,支架未发现移位或断裂;共3例(14%)随访中发现内漏,1例Ⅱ型内漏,建议随访观察;1例术后8个月复查新发现支架近端Ⅰ型内漏,密切随访2个月后患者出现胸痛,复查CT内漏增多,转外科治疗。1例腹主动脉瘤术后1月复查发现Ⅲ型内漏。所有患者介入术后CT随访图像均满足临床诊断需要。结论:MDCTA对主动脉覆膜支架置入术后随访较其他检查手段具有多方面的优越性,能及时观察术后疗效、发现并发症,对主动脉疾病覆膜支架腔内修复术后随访具有重要价值。     

血管覆膜支架置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的:介绍覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤(TADA)的初步经验。方法:本组4例Debakey B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤,经CT或MR增强检查确诊。经股动脉置入覆膜支架,封堵胸主动脉破裂口,置入后造影检查证实疗效,术后随访采用彩超或增强CT检查。结果:4例患者共成功置入7个支架,1例术后支架远端出现内漏,6个月后内漏自行封闭;1例并发的腹主动脉瘤随访2个月无变化;随访2~18个月,所有患者内膜破裂口封闭,胸降主动脉和腹主动脉真腔扩大,假腔内血栓形成,支架位置、形态正常。结论:覆膜支架血管内置入治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤的近期疗效满意。     

16层螺旋CTA术前评估主动脉夹层及动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的价值

目的:探讨16层螺旋CT血管成像(16-MSCTA)在主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤腔内带膜支架置入术前评估中的价值.方法:40例主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤患者术前行16层螺旋CT血管成像检查.采用层面准值16×0.75,螺距1,重建层厚1 mm,间隔0.7 mm;碘对比剂总量按患者体重计算,CTA延迟扫描时间用小剂量对比剂试验法测定;重点运用专用软件测量主动脉夹层及动脉瘤腔内带膜支架置入术所需的所有参数.结果:Ⅲ型夹层26例,单个破口23例,多个破口3例.其中8例符合腔内隔绝术;腹主动脉瘤14例,其中4例符合腔内隔绝术.16-MSCTA提示腹主动脉瘤合并动脉粥样硬化改变11例,与病理诊断结果一致(100%).结论:16-MSCTA可从局部到整体对瘤体进行多方位的观察和测量,提供腔内隔绝术所需的各项参数,为主动脉夹层和腹主动脉瘤选择治疗方案以及术前规划提供更多的信息.     

Maximum Diameter Measurements of Aortic Aneurysms on Axial CT Images After Endovascular Aneurysm Repair: Sufficient for Follow-up?

Purpose

To assess the accuracy of maximum diameter measurements of aortic aneurysms after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) on axial computed tomographic (CT) images in comparison to maximum diameter measurements perpendicular to the intravascular centerline for follow-up by using three-dimensional (3D) volume measurements as the reference standard.

Materials and Methods

Forty-nine consecutive patients (73?±?7.5?years, range 51?C88?years), who underwent EVAR of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm were retrospectively included. Two blinded readers twice independently measured the maximum aneurysm diameter on axial CT images performed at discharge, and at 1 and 2?years after intervention. The maximum diameter perpendicular to the centerline was automatically measured. Volumes of the aortic aneurysms were calculated by dedicated semiautomated 3D segmentation software (3surgery, 3mensio, the Netherlands). Changes in diameter of 0.5?cm and in volume of 10% were considered clinically significant. Intra- and interobserver agreements were calculated by intraclass correlations (ICC) in a random effects analysis of variance. The two unidimensional measurement methods were correlated to the reference standard.

Results

Intra- and interobserver agreements for maximum aneurysm diameter measurements were excellent (ICC?=?0.98 and ICC?=?0.96, respectively). There was an excellent correlation between maximum aneurysm diameters measured on axial CT images and 3D volume measurements (r?=?0.93, P?r?=?0.93, P?Conclusion Measurements of maximum aneurysm diameters on axial CT images are an accurate, reliable, and robust method for follow-up after EVAR and can be used in daily routine.     

Multislice CT Angiography of Fenestrated Endovascular Stent Grafting for Treating Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: a Pictorial Review of the 2D/3D Visualizations

Fenestrated endovascular repair of an abdominal aortic aneurysm has been developed to treat patients with a short or complicated aneurysm neck. Fenestration involves creating an opening in the graft fabric to accommodate the orifice of the vessel that is targeted for preservation. Fixation of the fenestration to the renal arteries and the other visceral arteries can be done by implanting bare or covered stents across the graft-artery ostia interfaces so that a portion of the stent protrudes into the aortic lumen. Accurate alignment of the targeted vessels in a longitudinal aspect is hard to achieve during stent deployment because rotation of the stent graft may take place during delivery from the sheath. Understanding the 3D relationship of the aortic branches and the fenestrated vessel stents following fenestration will aid endovascular specialists to evaluate how the stent graft is situated within the aorta after placement of fenestrations. The aim of this article is to provide the 2D and 3D imaging appearances of the fenestrated endovascular grafts that were implanted in a group of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms, based on the multislice CT angiography. The potential applications of each visualization technique were explored and compared with the 2D axial images.     

Endovascular stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms: Current status and future directions

Endovascular stent graft repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has undergone rapid developments since it was introduced in the early 1990s. Two main types of aortic stent grafts have been developed and are currently being used in clinical practice to deal with patients with complicated or unsuitable aneurysm necks, namely, suprarenal and fenestrated stent grafts. Helical computed tomography angiography has been widely recognized as the method of choice for both pre-operative planning and post-operative follow-up of endovascular repair (EVAR). In addition to 2D axial images, a number of 2D and 3D reconstructions are generated to provide additional information about imaging of the stent grafts in relation to the aortic aneurysm diameter and extent, encroachment of stent wires to the renal artery ostium and position of the fenestrated vessel stents. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of applications of EVAR of AAA and diagnostic applications of 2D and 3D image visualizations in the assessment of treatment outcomes of EVAR. Interference of stent wires with renal blood flow from the hemodynamic point of view will also be discussed, and future directions explored.     

Helical CT evaluation of aortic aneurysms and dissection: a pictorial essay

The relative noninvasive nature, easy accessibility, convenience and accuracy of helical CT in the rapid evaluation of not only the aorta and its branches, but the entire thorax/abdomen, makes it the best suited imaging modality for use in evaluation of aortic aneurysms and dissection. Excellent vascular opacification, the advantage of reconstructing overlapping scans without respiratory misregistration, multiplanar reconstruction and 3D rendering of the vessels highlight the benefits of helical CT. Helical CT evaluation combines the advantages of conventional CT, giving true information about the exact transverse and longitudinal extent of the aneurysm, the vessel wall, luminal thrombus and structures around the aorta, and those of aortography in the form 3D volumetric information display. The purpose of this essay is to present a spectrum of aortic aneurysms and dissection to highlight the role of helical CT in their evaluation.     

Aneurysmal sizing after endovascular repair in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm: interobserver variability of various measurement protocols and its clinical relevance

The aim of this study was to determine the variability of various measurement protocols for measurement of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and the clinical relevance of variability. Three radiologists performed computed tomographic angiography measurements of both the aorta and the largest portion of the aneurysm on selected axial slices. Then measurements of the largest portion of the aneurysm were performed on unselected axial slices, sagittal and coronal reformatted. Finally, aortic volume was calculated. Measurements and volume calculation were performed before and after endovascular repair and assessed: Part 1: interobserver variability for maximum anteroposterior (MAP) and maximum transverse (MTR) diameters on selected slices; part 2: interobserver variability for unselected slices considering MAP and MTR; part 3: interobserver variability considering maximum diameter in any direction (MAD); part 4: interobserver variability for sagittal (SAG) and coronal (COR) free curved multiplanar reformation (MPR); and part 5: volume calculations. We then determined which technique of measurement was the most clinically relevant for detecting changes in aneurysm size or aortic volume. Parts 1 and 2: interobserver variability was 4.1 mm for both MAP and MTR; part 3: interobserver variability was 7 mm for MAD; part 4: interobserver variability was 5.5 mm (COR) and 4.9 mm (SAG); part 5: interobserver variability for volume was 5.5 ml. A combination of MAP and MTR was the most useful for detecting aortic modification. Volume calculation was needed in only a few cases. We recommend avoiding MAD and MPR measurements and suggest instead measuring both maximum anteroposterior and maximum transverse diameters. If aneurysm size remains stable after endovascular repair, aneurysm volume should be measured.     

螺旋CT血管成像及三维重建在主动脉病变诊断中的临床应用

目的评价螺旋ＣＴ血管成像（ＳＣＴＡ）及三维重建在主动脉疾病诊断中的临床应用价值，并比较ＳＣＴＡ各种成像方法的诊断价值。方法对３５例患者进行了ＳＣＴＡ成像，１７例与手术对照，其中４例又与血管造影对照。结果⑴ＳＣＴＡ良好地显示了主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层（２３例）和主动脉弓异常（８例）。１７例与手术对照，ＳＣＴＡ诊断符合率９４％。⑵对解剖关系复杂的主动脉弓分叉区域病变的显示及表面阴影显示（ＳＳＤ）较理想。⑶在主动脉瘤及主动脉夹层中，横断面影像准确、可靠，而三维及多平面重建（ＭＰＲ）在空间关系的显示上具有优势。结论ＳＣＴＡ二维和三维重建影像的联合应用可以较明确地诊断多种主动脉疾病，可帮助和指导手术，可望取代常规血管造影对主动脉病变的诊断。     

主动脉瘤的CT诊断

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影在主动脉瘤中的诊断价值。方法:24例主动脉瘤患者行多层螺旋CT(MSCTA)血管造影并进行二维和三维图像重组,重组方法包括多平面重组(MPR),容积重组(VR),表面遮盖成像(SSD),最大密度投影(MIP)。结果:真性主动脉瘤6例,主动脉夹层动脉瘤17例,1例假性动脉瘤。多种重组图像与轴位图像相结合能清晰地显示动脉瘤的解剖细节及其与周围器官的空间解剖关系。结论:MSCTA对主动脉瘤有较高的临床诊断价值。     

左锁骨下动脉烟囱技术在Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层腔内修复术中的应用

目的探讨左锁骨下动脉烟囱技术在Stanford B型主动脉夹层腔内修复术(EVAR)中的意义和技术要点。 方法回顾性分析35例临床和影像学确诊的Stanford B型主动脉夹层,且主动脉撕裂累及到左锁骨下动脉的患者,以CTA作为术前评估方法,术中覆膜支架覆盖左锁骨下动脉,以球囊扩张支架对左锁骨下动脉进行介入再通。 结果35例胸主动脉覆膜支架和左锁骨下动脉球囊扩张支架均放置成功,术后随访3～24个月,35例左锁骨下动脉烟囱支架通畅率100%。 结论Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层的EVAR治疗时,覆膜支架的近侧锚定区选择在正常的主动脉壁,可以降低继发医源性夹层的发生;覆盖左锁骨下动脉后采用烟囱技术可有效预防"盗血综合征"的发生,其技术简捷、安全。