NT-proBNP ApoB等指标对冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响

目的 探讨冠心病（CHD）患者载脂蛋白B（ApoB）、血清N末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）等生化指标对冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响。方法 选取2019年3~9月在亳州市人民医院心血管内科行冠状动脉造影确诊为CHD的106例患者为研究对象,根据Gensini评分将研究对象分为低度狭窄组（33例）、中度狭窄组（46例）与高度狭窄组（27例）。将组间有差异性的生化指标纳入多元线性回归方程,评估其对冠状动脉狭窄程度的影响程度。结果 3组患者的ApoB、ApoB/ApoA、LDL-c、TC及NT-proBNP水平进行比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。多元线性回归方程为Y_Gensin积分=-2.188+0.009×X_NT-proBNP（F=4.030,P=0.002）。结论 ApoB、ApoB/ApoA、LDL-c、TC、NT-proBNP水平随冠状动脉狭窄程度加重升高,NT-proBNP是评估冠状动脉狭窄程度的重要影响因素。     

胆固醇酯转运蛋白水平与冠心病患者血脂指标的相关性

【摘要】 目的 探讨血浆载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）∕载脂蛋白B（ApoB）值及其他血脂指标在冠心病发生和发展的作用。 方法 选取2010-2011年于天津市胸科医院行冠脉造影（CAG）的患者550例,根据CAG结果分为冠心病组和正常组,其中冠心病组包括单支病变组、双支病变组、三支病变组。分别测定患者血浆载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）,载脂蛋白B（ApoB）,总胆固醇（TC）,甘油三酯（TG）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）, 及载脂蛋白ApoA1∕ApoB（ApoA1∕B）值。结果 表明ApoA1／ApoB值与冠脉病变呈负相关（P＜0.01）;多因素Logistic回归分析证实 ApoA1∕B为冠状动脉粥样硬化的保护因子（P＜0.01）。结论 ApoA1∕B值与冠状动脉粥样硬化密切相关,相对于其他血脂因素更有意义。      

非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征合并H型高血压患者的预后分析

目的 探讨非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征合并H型高血压患者的临床预后。方法 选取2014年11月至2015年12月安徽省淮北市中医院收治的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征合并原发性高血压患者123例,根据患者同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平将患者分成H型高血压组（Hcy≥10 μmmol/L）55例及对照组（Hcy<10 μmmol/L）68例。比较两组患者入院后2 h内B型脑钠肽和全球急性冠脉注册事件评分危险分层。结果 H型高血压组患者入院后2 h内血浆B型脑钠肽水平[（1 489.52±448.37）ng/L]较对照组[（950.45±310.62）ng/L]高,差异有统计学意义（t=7.858,P<0.001）;H型高血压组患者全球急性冠脉注册事件评分危险度高的比例较对照组高,危险度中的比例较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义（χ²=6.897、4.125,P=0.009、0.042）。结论 非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征合并H型高血压患者临床预后较差     

老年高血压糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与同型半胱氨酸水平的相关性分析

目的 分析老年高血压、糖尿病患者颈动脉粥样硬化与同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的相关性。方法 选择2014年4月至2016年5月在合肥市滨湖医院就诊的老年高血压患者、糖尿病患者、高血压合并2型糖尿病患者各40例,设为高血压组、糖尿病组、高血压+糖尿病组,同期体检的40名老年健康人为对照组,分别检测4组受检人员的Hcy水平,同时通过彩色多普勒超声对患者颈动脉内中膜厚度（IMT）和动脉斑块进行检测。结果 对照组Hcy水平为（6.45±2.48）μmol/L,高血压组为（14.26±3.43）μmol/L,糖尿病组为（17.33±3.35）μmol/L,高血压+糖尿病组为（23.85±4.45）μmol/L;对照组颈动脉硬化检出率为37.50%,高血压组为75.00%,糖尿病组为77.50%,高血压+糖尿病组为95.00%。对照组Hcy水平及颈动脉硬化检出率显著低于高血压组、糖尿病组及高血压合并糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;高血压组、糖尿病组的Hcy水平及颈动脉硬化检出率低于高血压合并糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。老年高血压、糖尿病患者血清Hcy水平与颈动脉硬化呈正相关（r=0.561,P<0.05）。结论 老年高血压合并糖尿病患者血浆Hcy水平较老年高血压、老年糖尿病及老年健康人员明显增高,且与颈动脉硬化呈正相关。     

小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇联合同型半胱氨酸检测对脑梗死老年患者预后评估的价值

目的 分析血清小而密低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（sdLDL-C）联合同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）检测对预测脑梗死老年患者预后评估的价值。方法 选择马鞍山市人民医院2015年2月至2016年2月就诊的46例罹患脑梗死老年患者作为研究对象。检测患者血清sdLDL-C、Hcy、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）。随访1年根据是否脑卒中复发及全因死亡进行分组,预后良好组（未发生终点事件）和预后不良组（发生终点事件）。应用logistic回归分析随访1年发生终点事件的危险因素;应用ROC曲线评估血清sdLDL-C及Hcy水平预测脑梗死老年患者随访1年发生终点事件的特异度和敏感度。结果 与预后良好组相比,预后不良组血清sdLDL-C、Hcy、LDL-C及HbA1c较高（P<0.05）,HDL-C较低（P<0.05）,但TC及FBG差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多元logistic回归分析,血清sdLDL-C、Hcy水平是脑梗死老年患者随访1年发生终点事件的危险因素（P<0.05）。ROC曲线评估血清sdLDL-C、HCY水平预测脑梗死老年患者随访1年发生终点事件有显著预测价值（P<0.05）,且判定血清sdLDL-C为1.31 mmol/L、血清Hcy为19.9 μmol/L对预测随访1年发生终点事件有88.9%的灵敏和84.6%的特异度。结论 血清sdLDL-C及Hcy检测能有效预测脑梗死老年患者短期发生终点事件的危险性。     

老年2型糖尿病肾病患者尿液足细胞血清胱抑素C血清同型半胱氨酸水平与肾功能的相关性

目的 探讨老年2型糖尿病肾病患者尿液足细胞、血清胱抑素C（Cys-c）、血清同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平与肾功能的相关性。方法 选取2015年6月至2017年6月首都医科大学附属地坛医院收治的98例老年2型糖尿病肾病患者,纳入观察组。选取同期于我院行健康体检的98例老年健康志愿者为对照组。比较两组患者尿液足细胞、血清Cys C、Hcy水平与肾功能检测等相关生化指标的差异,采用Pearson相关性分析尿液足细胞、血清CysC、Hcy水平与肾功能指标的相关性。结果 观察组患者尿液足细胞、血清Cys C、Hcy水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P< 0.05）,肾功能指标：血肌酐（Cr）、血清尿素（BUN）、血清β2微球蛋白（β2-MG）、尿酸（UA）均高于对照组患者,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示老年糖尿病患者尿液足细胞、血清Cys C、Hcy水平与患者肾功能指标（Cr、BUN、β2-MG、UA）均呈正相关（r>0,P<0.05）。结论 老年2型糖尿病患者尿液足细胞、血清Cys C、Hcy水平与肾功能呈正相关。     

急性脑卒中患者血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平的比较分析

目的比较急性脑梗死与脑出血患者血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白水平,探讨血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白在脑卒中的影响。方法选择脑梗死组102例、脑出血组76例和对照组80例,测定三组的三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、载脂蛋白A1、载脂蛋白B和载脂蛋白A1/载脂蛋白B比值。结果脑梗死组三酰甘油和LDL高于脑出血组和对照组(P<0.05),总胆固醇、ApoB在三组中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),脑出血组HDL高于脑梗死组和对照组(P<0.05),VLDL在三组患者中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),ApoA1在三组患者中比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),在ApoA1/ApoB比较中,对照组高于脑梗死组和脑出血组(P<0.05),而脑梗死和脑出血两组中ApoA1/ApoB比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论脑梗死与脑出血脂代谢异常有所不同,ApoA1/ApoB可以作为预防脑卒中的检测指标。     

调脂达标患者载脂蛋白与冠心病的关系

【摘要】目的研究血脂达标患者载脂蛋白(Apo)Al、ApoB及其比值在冠心病诊断中的意义。方法 将住院的103例患者分为冠心病组59例,对照组44例,检测并比较2组总胆同醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)及ApoA1、ApoB、ApoA1/ApoB。采用Logistic回归分析冠心病的影响因素。结果冠心病组的HDL-C、ApoA1及ApoA1/ApoB比值低于对照组,ApoB高于对照组（P<0.05）,其他指标比较差异无统计学意义,ApoA1、ApoB、ApoA1/ApoB是冠心病的影响因素。结论在血脂达标情况下,ApoA1、ApoB、ApoA1/ApoB是预测冠心病的影响因素,但LDL-C不是影响因素。     

冠心病患者血清ApoB/A1比值与临床SYNTAX评分的相关性

目的 分析冠心病患者血清ApoB/A1比值与临床SYNTAX评分（CSS）的相关性,探讨ApoB/A1比值对冠状动脉病变程度及预后的预测价值。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2016年1月1日在蚌埠医学院第一附属医院心血管内科住院,并行冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病患者372例的临床资料,依据冠状动脉造影结果计算CSS,以分值高低分为高分、中分、低分组。采用Pearson分析各血脂指标与CSS的相关性。结果 ApoB/A1比值在CSS的低、中、高分组差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且随评分的增高,ApoB/A1比值增加。且ApoB/A1比值与CSS呈正相关性（r=0.269,P<0.001）。结论 ApoB/A1比值对冠状动脉病变程度及预后具有较好的预测价值。     

载脂蛋白A1和B检测在肝硬化并发肝性脑病预后判断中的意义

目的研究载脂蛋白A1（ApoA1）和载脂蛋白B（ApoB）在肝硬化并发肝性脑病时的变化及其动态检测的意义。方法检测肝硬化组58例患者、健康体检组65例的ApoA1、ApoB,同时比较肝硬化组与健康体检组、肝硬化并发肝性脑病组与未并发肝性脑病组ApoA1、ApoB的变化,并且对18例并发肝病脑病的肝硬化患者治疗后,进行治疗前后ApoA1、ApoB的配比分析。结果肝硬化组与对照组、HE组和非HE组比较,ApoA1、ApoB均下降（P〈0.05）。18例并发肝性脑病的肝硬化患者治疗2周后,好转者ApoA1上升（P〈0.01）,恶化者下降（P〈0.05）。结论测定ApoA1、ApoB能初步反映HE时肝功能受损的情况。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.