预臭氧化工艺处理高藻水的应用研究

以滦河水为处理对象,对天津市泰达自来水厂预臭氧化—紫外/氯联合消毒工艺的运行效果进行分析.分别对各处理单元出水中的藻类、叶绿素a、pH值、浊度、DOC和UV254进行测定,结果表明:整个工艺运行平稳,出水水质较好.原水经过预臭氧化处理后,藻类数量和叶绿素a浓度均有降低,预臭氧化单元对藻类和叶绿素a的平均去除率分别为38.26％和36.25％;整个工艺对藻类和叶绿素a的平均去除率分别可达75.55％和99.01％.此外,预臭氧化对原水的pH值及去除浊度、UV254和DOC也有一定的影响.预臭氧化可有效降低浊度和UV254值,但对去除DOC的影响不明显.     

预氧化与催化臭氧化深度处理工艺的生产运行效果

通过生产运行分析了生物预氧化、梯级催化臭氧化-生物活性炭滤池深度处理组合工艺在生产应用中的综合净化效果,分别评价了各处理单元的净化效能。生产运行结果表明,生物预氧化对氨氮的平均去除率为62％,但处理效果受温度变化的影响;生物预氧化对CODMn的去除作用有限,对锰的平均去除率为58％;高密度沉淀池对浊度、色度、铁、锰具有良好的去除作用,对CODMn的去除率为28％;臭氧总投量相同时,与催化臭氧化一次性投加相比,预氧化与催化臭氧化分别投加更有利于减少溴酸盐的生成;半挥发性微量有机污染物主要在催化臭氧化阶段去除,去除率为44％。     

臭氧预氧化强化混凝微污染水源水试验研究

采用臭氧预氧化技术,对某水库水源水进行了强化混凝试验研究.对浊度、UV254、CODMn、TOC检测分析的结果表明:臭氧预氧化强化混凝的最佳投加量为3 mg/L;与常规工艺相比,浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率分别提高了24%,35%和15%,臭氧的强化混凝作用明显.     

预处理强化生物活性炭工艺研究

研究了不同水处理组合工艺的除污染效能,包括化学预处理、常规处理、生物活性炭或臭氧生物活性炭技术的联用。试验结果表明,臭氧预氧化、高锰酸盐复合药剂（PPC）预氧化均能强化生物活性炭或臭氧生物活性炭工艺对各项指标的去除,可提高对浊度、UV254、CODMn的去除率;PPC预氧化与生物活性炭联用技术可强化AOC、BDOC的去除效果,达到生物稳定性的控制要求,是适合我国水厂改造的水处理技术。     

不同水处理工艺流程对除藻效果的影响

为了解和考察不同处理流程、各种预氧化剂的除藻效果及对除藻特性的影响，首先研究了春季天津市“引黄”原水藻类的数量与分布特征，发现该季节优势藻为小球藻、绿梭藻和栅列藻。对比了预氯化沉淀、单独气浮、预臭氧化气浮和高锰酸盐复合药剂(PPC)预氧化气浮工艺的除藻效果和除藻特性。结果表明各种工艺流程的除藻特性有明显差异，采用气浮工艺代替沉淀工艺能够提高对原水中不同优势藻的去除率，预臭氧化和PPC预氧化能够进一步提高气浮工艺对优势藻的去除率。PPC预氧化去除小球藻更有效，而预臭氧化去除绿梭藻和栅列藻效果更好。预臭氧化和PPC预氧化能够提高气浮工艺去除叶绿素a的能力。     

臭氧+常规处理+活性碳组合工艺中试实验研究

研究臭氧预氧化与混凝工艺处理蔷薇河微污染水源水的效果,为自来水厂工程设计提供了可靠的参数.采用臭氧预氧化与常规处理联用工艺对微污染水源水进行了中试试验。实验证明臭氧组合工艺对浊度的去除率接近100%,对氨氮的去除率为90%左右,高锰酸钾指数去除率为50%。臭氧预氧化中试试验表明,该工艺能有效地去除有机物、浊度和色度,使过滤后出水水质达到处理标准.     

太湖原水净化过程中有机物分子量分布特性研究

采用超滤法考察了太湖原水、各净水单元工艺出水中有机物分子量分布的变化特性.结果表明,太湖原水经预臭氧+曝气生物预处理工艺、常规处理工艺和臭氧-生物活性炭+超滤深度处理工艺后,总DOC去除率可以达到71.6％;臭氧预氧化+曝气生物滤池预处理工艺出水DOC变化不大,但分子量的分布变化较明显;常规的混凝沉淀工艺对分子量为0....     

O_3+MBSF组合工艺深度处理污水厂二级出水

研究了"臭氧+普通/改性生物砂滤池"组合工艺对污水厂二级出水的处理效果。采用逐步增加臭氧投加量的方法来驯化生物砂滤池中的微生物,18 d后生物膜培养驯化成功。滤池稳定运行后,当臭氧投加量为3 mg/L、臭氧接触时间为15 min、水力负荷为4.5 m~3/(m~2·h)时,"臭氧+亲水改性生物砂滤池"、"臭氧+铁离子改性生物砂滤池"、"臭氧+疏水改性生物砂滤池"与"臭氧+普通生物砂滤池"四种组合工艺出水中NH_3-N平均浓度分别为0.98、1.33、2.54和2.25 mg/L,UV254平均值分别为0.075、0.076、0.073和0.079 cm-1,COD平均浓度分别为32.76、34.18、39.35和38.40 mg/L;臭氧预氧化对色度的平均去除率可达48%以上,四种组合工艺出水色度都维持在12.0倍以下,浊度均低于2.0 NTU。在低温6~12℃时,四种生物砂滤池对二级出水中NH3-N、UV254、COD、色度和浊度等常规污染物质的去除效果下降13%~20%。     

臭氧预氧化强化混凝处理引黄水库水的中试研究

针对引黄水库水的特点,采用臭氧预氧化强化常规工艺处理引黄水库水。中试研究结果表明:臭氧预氧化能够降低常规工艺出水浊度,改善对有机物的去除效果,同时提高常规工艺对氨氮和藻类的去除率。适宜的臭氧投加量为1～2mg/L,当臭氧投加量为1mg/L时,臭氧预氧化后,滤后水浊度、CODMn、UV254、氨氮和叶绿素a的去除率,与常规工艺相比分别提高了2.7,2.5,7.8,5.2和4.8个百分点。     

饮用水预臭氧化与预氯化工艺处理效果对比

对比了预臭氧化与预氯化工艺对高温高藻原水的处理效果。结果表明,与传统的预氯化工艺相比,"预臭氧化—紫外线+氯联合消毒"工艺对浊度、UV_(254)、藻类和叶绿素的去除效果更佳,平均去除率分别为99. 06%、55. 29%、87. 54%和99. 23%。     

水力负荷对木炭填料生物滤池处理污水的影响

以木炭作为曝气生物滤池的填料,并与陶粒填料作对比,考察了其在不同水力负荷下对污水的处理效能.结果表明,改变水力负荷对两个反应器的出水COD影响不大,但对其脱氮除磷效果的影响较显著.木炭滤池对氨氮和TN的去除效果要好于陶粒滤池的,当水力负荷为4m~3/(m~3·d)时,两反应器的脱氮效果最佳,此时木炭和陶粒滤池的出水氨氮浓度分别为4.7、7.7mg/L(去除率分别为80%和65%).综合考虑木炭滤池对COD、NH_4~+-N、TN和TP的去除效果,确定其最佳水力负荷为4 m~3/(m~3·d).     

生物预处理富营养化水源水的试验研究

采用生物陶粒滤柱作为预处理工艺,考察了其对滏阳河水的处理效果以及影响因素,并确定了运行参数。试验结果表明:生物滤柱对各种藻的去除效果不同,且去除率随滤速的上升而降低;有机物的去除率受滤速影响不大,但随着温度的上升而提高。生物预处理不但能够降低混凝剂的用量,而且使溶解氧增大,改善了水质。     

生物除铁除锰滤池对As（V）的去除效果研究

采用人工配水模拟天然水体,考察了生物除铁除锰滤池对As（V）的去除性能。结果表明,当原水As（V）含量不高于200wg／L时,生物除铁除锰滤池对铁、锰的去除效果不受砷的影响,且As（V）去除率可达到95％以上,出水铁、锰及砷含量均满足标准限值要求;生物除铁除锰滤池对As（V）的去除主要发生在深度为0～660mm的滤层内;滤柱在反冲洗后,短时期内会出现砷、铁含量超标现象。     

气水比对多级曝气生物滤池深度强化污水处理效能的影响研究

在好氧生物滤池水力负荷为3．0m^3／（m^2·h）,温度为20-25℃,缺氧柱投加碳源量为60mg／L,将气水比分别控制为1：1、2：1、3：1、4：1,以污水厂二级出水为进水水源,考察了气水比对多级曝气生物滤池系统去除CODCr、氨氮、TN等效果的影响。结果表明：气水比对一级好氧生物滤池系统处理效能影响显著。当气水比从1：1提高到3：1时,一级好氧生物滤池对CODCr、氨氮的去除率明显提高,分别从22．26％提高至34．46％和35．06％提高至63．98％;对TN的去除率明显降低,从8．6％降低至4．8％;当气水比继续增大到4：1时,CODCr、氨氮及TN的去除率基本保持稳定,分别为36．66％、68．66％和4．7％。     

甲醇为碳源时生物滤池去除二级出水中氮、磷的研究

以甲醇为碳源，进行了生物滤池去除二级处理出水中氮、磷的试验研究。结果表明，随着甲醇投量的增大则生物滤池出水中的总氮浓度降低，但对总磷的去除率呈下降趋势。当甲醇投量为10mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈6．60mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉37％，对总磷的去除率〉43％；当甲醇投量为20mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉9％；当甲醇投量为30mg／L时，生物滤池出水中的总氮〈1．20mg／L，对总氮的去除率〉88％，对总磷的去除率〉6％。当滤速在3～8．5m／h间变化时，陶粒滤池的脱氮除磷效果基本不受影响；砂滤池的脱氮除磷效果稍优于陶粒滤池。     

The impact of increased loading rate on granular media, rapid depth filtration of wastewater

The impact of loading rate on tertiary filtration of wastewater was studied using a pilot-scale, dual-media, rapid depth filtration system. Loading rates of 12.2, 15.3, 18.3, 21.4, and 24.4m/h were tested on parallel filter columns treating the same coagulated secondary wastewater to determine the impact on removal of turbidity, particles (2-15 microm), total coliform bacteria, Escherichia coli, and MS2 bacteriophage, as well as on the particle deposition profile in the filter bed. Increasing the loading rate from 12.2 to 24.4m/h decreased the removal efficiencies for all metrics. The observed impact of loading rate on particle removal was similar to that predicted by a clean-bed filtration model, although the model significantly underestimated the removal efficiencies of the smaller particles. For two loading rates, 12.2 and 18.3m/h, the effect of coagulant dose was also studied; the negative impact of loading rate on removal efficiency was eliminated by increasing the coagulant dose for the higher loading rate, which also resulted in removal of particles deeper in the filter bed. For all conditions studied, loading rate had no observable impact on the ability to disinfect filter effluents with chloramines. The results of this research indicate that loading rates higher than those typically used in tertiary filtration can produce acceptable effluent quality, and support a regulatory approach based on filter effluent turbidity.     

微絮凝时间对直接过滤处理低温低浊微污染水的影响研究

悬浮颗粒的絮凝过程对直接过滤的去除效率有影响,絮凝时间是控制絮粒形成大小及特性的主要因素之一.为提高直接过滤去除低温低浊微污染水中污染物的效率,考察了不同絮凝时间对去除效果的影响.结果表明,直接过滤处理低温低浊微污染水时,设置絮凝池的出水效果较优;絮凝时间大于10 min时,所形成的絮体更密实,Zeta电位趋于0,有利于悬浮颗粒吸附在滤料上,特别是对一些芳香族有机物及带双键的有机物,当絮凝时间为14 min时,去除率可达35％.     

UBAF/化学除磷处理宾馆污水并回用

济南南郊宾馆的排水量及杂用水量均较大,为此采用水解—上向流曝气生物滤池(UBAF)—纤维过滤器(加药除磷)工艺处理宾馆污水,通过将UBAF的滤层分成缺氧区和好氧区,使UBAF具有了碳化、硝化与反硝化的功能,其对氨氮的去除率>85%,对COD的去除率在80%左右,在回流比为50%的条件下对总氮的去除率约30%。UBAF出水投加硫酸铝后进行纤维过滤除磷,在投量为20mg/mgTP的条件下可确保出水TP<1mg/L。     

Characteristics of particle removals in a compressible media filter system

The ability to adjust the properties of the filter medium by altering the degree of the medium compression is important because the different porosities in media affect the ideal filter performance according to the properties of influent wastewater. This study therefore focused on the particle size distribution (PSD) of compressible media filter (CMF) effluents depending on the compression ratio (0–30%) and the filter bed depth (Layers 1–5) in order to evaluate the CMF performance. The results showed that the removal efficiency for particles larger than 10 µm was more than 90% while that for particles smaller than 10 µm was less than 85% of removal efficiency. From the power law fit, substantial decreases in the number of large‐sized particles were observed in the PSD. Particle removal efficiencies increased along with the average compression ratio increase. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that each layer in the bed had a different role in the filter performance, and it was found that a filter bed of about 0.45–0.60 m would be needed for the production of the desired effluent quality in this study. The detachment phenomenon was observed in particles larger than 5 µm, especially in 5–15 µm particles.     

DBPs removal in GAC filter-adsorber

A rapid sand filter and granular activated carbon filter-adsorber (GAC FA) were compared in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) removal. A water treatment plant (WTP) that had a high ammonia concentration and DOC in raw water, which, in turn, led to a high concentration of DBPs because of a high dose of pre-chlorination, was investigated. To remove DBPs and DOC simultaneously, a conventional rapid sand filter had been retrofitted to a GAC FA at the Buyeo WTP in Korea. The overall removal efficiency of DBPs and DOC was higher in the GAC FA than in the sand filter, as expected. Breakthrough of trihalomethanes (THMs) was noticed after 3 months of GAC FA operation, and then removal of THMs was minimal (<10%). On the other hand, the removal efficiency of five haloacetic acids (HAA(5)) in the GAC FA was better than that of THMs, though adsorption of HAA(5) decreased rapidly after 3.5 months of GAC FA operation. And then, gradual improvement (>90%) in HAA(5) removal efficiency was again observed, which could be attributed to biodegradation. At the early stage of GAC FA operation, HAA(5) removal was largely due to physical adsorption, but later on biodegradation appeared to prevail. Biodegradation of HAA(5) was significantly influenced by water temperature. Similar turbidity removal was noticed in both filters, while better manganese removal was confirmed in the sand filter rather than in the GAC FA.