蒸馏-结晶耦合分离乙酸-邻二甲苯的研究

蒸馏-结晶耦合技术是涉及汽-液、固-液平衡的新型分离技术,适用易结晶物质分离,近来也应用到形成恒沸物或组分的挥发度非常接近的难分离物系和形成低共熔物的二元物系.采用蒸馏-结晶法分离乙酸-邻二甲苯,以此二元体系的汽液、固液平衡相图为理论依据,结合实验验证了蒸馏-结晶耦合技术能够打破并超越共沸组成限制,提高产品的纯度.证明采用蒸馏-结晶耦合技术分离具有共沸物的二元体系是可行的,结晶产品乙酸纯度可达到91%.     

四氢呋喃-甲醇-乙酸甲酯-水热集成双溶剂萃取精馏工艺

针对四氢呋喃-甲醇-乙酸甲酯-水四元物系中存在多个二元共沸物的特点,本工作提出了常规双溶剂萃取和热集成双溶剂萃取两种精馏工艺。基于WILSON方程计算得到热力学数据,并对萃取剂进行了筛选。结果表明,对于四氢呋喃-甲醇和乙酸甲酯-甲醇共沸物系,选用水作为萃取剂最为合适;而对于四氢呋喃-水和乙酸甲酯-水共沸物系,则选用乙二醇作为萃取剂最为合适,且总溶剂比为0.65,乙二醇和水的比例为1.3。在此基础上,以能耗和年总费用(TAC)作为精馏工艺的评价指标,对提出的常规双溶剂萃取和热集成双溶剂萃取精馏工艺进行了模拟,并利用夹点分析技术对双溶剂萃取精馏系统的换热网络进行了优化。研究结果表明,优化后的换热网络其冷公用工程消耗降低44.12%,热公用工程消耗节约42.49%。与常规双溶剂萃取精馏工艺相比,热集成双溶剂萃取精馏工艺其能耗降低约43.29%,节省TAC约26.89%,热力学效率提高了3.25%。可见,热集成双溶剂萃取精馏工艺用于分离以上四元共沸物系,具有较好的技术经济优势。     

[Emim]AC萃取精馏分离乙酸甲酯和甲醇工艺模拟

以离子液体1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐([Emim]AC)为萃取剂,萃取精馏分离乙酸甲酯和甲醇共沸体系。采用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,对萃取精馏工艺进行了模拟和优化。考察了溶剂比、全塔理论塔板数、原料进料位置、萃取剂进料位置和回流比等工艺参数对分离效果的影响。萃取精馏塔的最佳工艺参数为:全塔理论板数30,原料和萃取剂进料位置分别为第23块和第2块理论板,回流比为1.0,溶剂比为0.7。闪蒸罐操作温度和压力分别为85℃和20 kPa。在最优工艺条件下,产品乙酸甲酯的质量分数达到99.95%,甲醇的质量分数达到99.54%,均满足分离要求。说明采用离子液体[Emim]AC作为萃取剂分离乙酸甲酯和甲醇共沸物具有工业应用前景。     

间歇共沸精馏分离乙二醇单甲醚-水物系

通过绘制乙二醇单甲醚-水-共沸剂的简捷剩余曲线,提出了以乙酸异丙酯作为间歇共沸精馏法分离乙二醇单甲醚-水物系的共沸剂。然后完成剩余曲线数据的测定实验,根据实验数据绘制乙二醇单甲醚-水-乙酸异丙酯三元物系的剩余曲线图,确定了乙二醇单甲醚-水共沸物系的分离工艺。并通过实验研究了共沸剂加入量对乙二醇单甲醚回收率的影响,从而确定了适宜的共沸剂配比：当共沸剂与原料中水的质量比为2～2.5时,乙二醇单甲醚的一次性收率在90%以上。     

恒沸精馏分离乙腈—甲醇—水体系的研究

为了从制药废液中回收乙腈和甲醇,研究了恒沸精馏在分离乙腈—甲醇—水三组分混合物中的应用。分析了夹带剂类型,夹带剂与混合物物料比(W/W),理论塔板数对甲醇纯度和收率的影响。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为夹带剂,夹带剂与母液物料比为0.5(W/W),30级理论塔板数为较优工艺条件,甲醇纯度为98.5%,收率95%。     

萃取精馏分离甲醇-苯

采用萃取精馏的方法分离甲醇-苯的共沸物系。首先采用UNIFAC基团贡献理论并结合经验选取萃取剂,最终确定萃取剂为氯苯。对常压下甲醇 苯物系应用UNIFAC模型计算各组分的汽液相组成,并进行汽液平衡实验验证,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。通过间歇萃取精馏实验进一步考察验证所选萃取剂的分离效果。结果表明,氯苯能够打破甲醇-苯的共沸,进而分离甲醇和苯。溶剂物质的量之比为1、回流比为3、填料塔理论板数为30、溶剂回收段理论塔板数为4时产品甲醇回收率达到98%,说明氯苯能够作为萃取剂分离甲醇-苯二元共沸物系。最后,对甲醇-苯物系的连续精馏过程应用Aspen Plus进行了模拟计算,并且考察了回流比、萃取剂进料流率等参数对产品纯度的影响规律,为进一步实验研究及工业应用提供理论和实践基础。     

2-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-5基]-乙酸的合成工艺

以4-叔丁基苯甲酸甲酯为起始原料,通过肼解反应、缩合反应和环合水解反应制得2-[3-(4-叔丁基苯基)-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑-5基]-乙酸。在肼解反应中,选择甲苯为溶剂,共沸蒸馏去除反应的副产物甲醇和水,促进反应正向进行,提高反应速率;在缩合反应中,采用乙酸乙酯为溶剂,在反应温度下产物难溶而从反应体系中析出,强化了反应分离过程。所用方法原料易得、操作方便,优化条件下产品的总收率为87.8%。     

乙酸甲酯与甲醇共沸物催化精馏水解工艺

以乙酸甲酯与甲醇共沸物为原料,采用阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,研究了乙酸甲酯催化精馏水解工艺。在实验中以捆扎包作为催化剂的装填方式,系统地研究了催化精馏段和提馏段的高度、进料位置、进料中含甲醇、水酯物质的量比、回流进料比和空速等对酯分解率的影响,获得了最佳的工艺条件。分析了传统的水解分离工艺,提出了可行的新工艺。在最佳工艺条件下,新工艺系统的能耗比传统的固定床工艺降低39.99%。     

热集成变压精馏分离正戊烷-甲醇的模拟和优化

提出了热集成变压精馏分离正戊烷-甲醇共沸体系的工艺方法,并采用Wilson模型对变压精馏分离正戊烷-甲醇分离过程进行模拟。采用优化分析,得到了模拟的优化参数,并通过模拟计算,制取了纯度不低于99.9%的正戊烷和甲醇产品,收率达到99.9%以上。热集成变压精馏和传统精馏相比,不仅节约了投资成本,而且节能高达35%。     

差压精馏法分离甲醇与乙酸甲酯

研究了差压精馏法分离甲醇-乙酸甲酯共沸体系的工艺过程。通过模拟计算,着重针对精馏塔的理论板数、进料位置、回流比3个关键参数进行了讨论,分析和确定了最佳工艺条件,并给出了工艺流程和装置单耗。该工艺流程简单,产品纯度高,不需要向体系中加入第三组分。     

变压精馏分离甲醇-丙酮的工艺模拟及优化

采用Aspen Plus软件,以塔釜能耗为目标,以甲醇、丙酮纯度为约束函数,对双效变压精馏分离甲醇-丙酮工艺过程进行模拟。分析了操作压力、理论板数、回流比、进料位置和进料温度等参数对精馏过程的影响。确定了最优工艺参数：减压塔操作压力40 kPa,理论板数37,回流比2.4,进料塔板数26,进料温度25 ℃;常压塔理论板数30,回流比4.2,进料塔板数23。减压塔所得甲醇质量分数为99.0%,常压塔所得丙酮质量分数为99.7%。对比变压精馏和萃取精馏过程,变压精馏更容易得到高纯度丙酮产品,节能约13.4%。模拟结果对工业设计和设备改造具有一定指导意义。     

醋酸甲酯和甲醇热集成变压精馏分离工艺模拟与优化

基于对醋酸甲酯与甲醇二元共沸特性的分析,提出热集成变压精馏分离醋酸甲酯和甲醇的工艺. 利用Aspen Plus软件对该分离过程进行模拟,以NRTL活度系数方程为物性计算方法,其二元相互作用参数由气液相平衡数据回归,分析了加压塔和常压塔的理论板数、进料位置及回流比对分离效果的影响,并进行了能耗比较. 结果表明,该工艺能很好地分离醋酸甲酯和甲醇,较佳的工艺条件为：加压塔操作压力909 kPa,理论板数32,第21块板进料,回流比4.2,塔釜醋酸甲酯纯度99.8%;常压塔操作压力101 kPa,理论板数30,第20块板进料,回流比4.6,塔釜甲醇纯度99.0%. 与常规变压精馏相比,热集成变压精馏可节能达45.8%;与以水为萃取剂的萃取精馏分离工艺相比,热集成变压精馏分离工艺更适合醋酸甲酯与甲醇体系的分离.     

Isocriterial manifolds during extractive distillation of a mixture of methanol-n-propyl acetate-toluene with aniline

The present study is devoted to the arrangement of isocriterial manifolds and regions of energetic optimality of extractive distillation complexes within the simplex of the initial feed composition during the separation of methanol, n-propyl acetate, and toluene mixture. The mixture being separated comprises one binary azeotrope with a boiling temperature being minimal (in the binary pair of methanol-toluene), and one tangential azeotrope near pure n-propyl acetate (in the pair of n-propyl acetate-toluene). Aniline was proposed to be used as an extracting agent for the separation of this mixture.     

单乙醇胺(MEA)间歇萃取精馏甲醇-丙酮研究

用常规的间歇萃取精馏实验装置,研究了以单乙醇胺(MEA)为萃取剂间歇萃取精馏分离甲醇—丙酮恒沸物的过程。考察了萃取剂、全回流时间、共沸物组成、溶剂与混合物的体积比、回流比等因素对萃取精馏分离甲醇—丙酮共沸体系的影响,从而得出最优的萃取条件。     

THE SEPARATION OF METHYL ACETATE FROM METHANOL BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

Methyl acetate cannot be completely removed from methyl acetate-methanol mixtures by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. Methyl acetate can be readily removed as overhead product from mixtures containing it and methanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide, glycerine plus propylene glycol, ethylene glycol plus dimethylsulfoxide plus 1,5-pentanediol. Methanol can be removed as the overhead product from methyl acetate when the extractive distillation agent is nitrobenzene, propylene carbonate or ethylene glycol phenyl ether.     

THE SEPARATION OF METHYL ACETATE FROM METHANOL BY EXTRACTIVE DISTILLATION

Methyl acetate cannot be completely removed from methyl acetate-methanol mixtures by distillation because of the presence of the minimum binary azeotrope. Methyl acetate can be readily removed as overhead product from mixtures containing it and methanol by using extractive distillation in which the extractive distillation agent is a higher boiling oxygenated, nitrogenous and/or sulfur containing organic compound or a mixture of these. Typical examples of effective agents are dimethylsulfoxide, glycerine plus propylene glycol, ethylene glycol plus dimethylsulfoxide plus 1,5-pentanediol. Methanol can be removed as the overhead product from methyl acetate when the extractive distillation agent is nitrobenzene, propylene carbonate or ethylene glycol phenyl ether.     

以苯胺为溶剂间歇萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈

提出和研究了以苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈间歇萃取精馏分离工艺。根据溶剂极性相似相溶原理,结合ChemCAD软件模拟汽液平衡和汽液平衡实验确定苯胺为合适的溶剂。结果表明,不仅苯胺能够消除甲醇-乙腈物系的共沸现象,效果优于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）,而且可以采用Wilson模型对苯胺作为溶剂的甲醇-乙腈共沸物系汽液平衡进行模拟。通过实验考察了间歇萃取精馏的分离效果。采用有33块理论板的填料塔进行间歇萃取精馏甲醇-乙腈共沸混合物分离实验,其中净化回收段填料层3块理论板,萃取精馏段填料层30块理论板,回流比为4,苯胺作为溶剂,溶剂质量比为2.5∶1时,在塔顶得到产品甲醇质量分数为98.97%,高于DMF作为溶剂时的95.76%;表明苯胺更加适合作为萃取精馏分离甲醇-乙腈共沸物系的溶剂。     

碳酸二甲酯-甲醇二元共沸物的分离方法

讨论了分离碳酸二甲酸－甲醇二元共沸物的各种方法，重点介绍了最有工业化前景的萃取精馏法，并对萃取剂的选择作了较为详细的讨论。     

Methyl acetate–methanol mixture separation by extractive distillation: Economic aspects

Methyl acetate is considered low toxicity volatile solvent produced either as a by-product during methanol carbonylation or via acetic acid esterification with methanol. In both cases, pure methyl acetate has to be isolated from the reaction mixture. Simulation of methyl acetate separation from its mixture with methanol by extraction distillation was carried out in ASPEN + software. In total three case studies were assumed using two different extraction solvents and two solvent regeneration strategies. In case A, novel extraction solvent 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquid, was considered. Raw material separation was achieved in an extraction distillation column while the solvent regeneration was accomplished in a second distillation column in this case. In case study B, the same extraction solvent was used; however, its regeneration was carried out in a single-effect evaporator. Dimethyl sulfoxide was the second extraction solvent selected. Its use in methyl acetate-methanol separation is presented in case study C. As high purity of dimethyl sulfoxide was required for the methyl acetate-methanol azeotrope breaking, its regeneration was carried out in the second distillation column only. To simulate the ternary methyl acetate–methanol–extraction solvent mixtures separation, vapor–liquid equilibrium was predicted based on the NRTL equation. Further, unknown properties of the considered ionic liquid and variation of these properties with temperature were predicted and introduced into the ASPEN + components properties database. Based on these data, optimum operation parameters of the respective separation equipment were established. In all case studies, the same condition had to be fulfilled, namely minimum methyl acetate content in the distillate from the extraction distillation column of 99.5mol-%. Results of simulations using the respective optimum operation parameters were employed in the economic evaluation of the three separation unit designs studied. It was found that the least energy-demanding design corresponds to the case study B in terms of both capital as well as operation expenses.

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Design and control of transesterification reactive distillation with thermal coupling

In the study, the design and control strategies of a reactive distillation process with partially thermal coupling for the production of methanol and n-butyl acetate by transesterification reaction of methyl acetate and n-butanol are investigated. Since methanol and methyl acetate formed an azeotrope, the products of a reactive distillation column include n-butyl acetate and the mixture of methanol and methyl acetate, which must be separated by an additional column. Partially thermal coupling can be used to eliminate the condenser of the second column. Not only energy reduction but also better operability and controllability can be obtained for the thermally coupled reactive distillation process. Proper selection and pairing of controlled and manipulated variables chosen for three control objectives were determined by using steady-state analysis. A simple control scheme with three temperature control loops is sufficient to maintain product purities and stoichiometric balance between the reactant feeds.