温州市不同社会经济特征职工对补充医保的意愿参保分析

根据温州市基本医疗保险覆盖范围,该文设计了与之对应的5个补充医疗保险方案,并测算了不同社会经济特征职工对不同方案的意愿参保情况.结果发现,职工对方案A和方案B的意愿参保率较高;高年龄者对所有方案的参保率较低;文化程度较高者和高收入者对所有方案的意愿参保率较高.自认健康状况差的职工关注大病重病费用风险,对方案A意愿参保率较高.     

我国补充医疗保险的内涵及其运作方式比较

补充医疗保险是我国多层次医疗保障体系中的重要一环。在全面推进城镇职工基本医疗保险制度改革的同时,明确界定补充医疗保险的内涵,选择适宜的补充医疗保险运作模式,是改革实践中面临的重要课题。一、补充医疗保险的内涵《中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定》(中发[1997]3号)提出:“要在搞好试点、总结经验的基础上,基本建立起城镇职工社会医疗保险制度,积极发展多种形式的补充医疗保险”。《国务院关于建立城镇职工基本医疗保险制度的决定》(国发[1998]44号)指出:“为了不降低一些特定行业职工现有的医疗消费水平,在参加基本医疗…     

温州市补充医疗保险的需求及其影响因素研究

根据温州市职工基本医疗保险覆盖范围 ,笔者设计了与之对应的 5个补充医疗保险方案 ,调查了职工对这些补充医疗保险方案的意愿支付情况。结果表明 :5种方案的需求价格弹性在 0 .88～ 1 .3 4之间。覆盖特需医疗服务的方案D和E需求价格弹性较大 ,覆盖大病重病的方案A接受程度最高 ,价格弹性最小 ,应优先考虑加以推广。个人经济状况、医疗服务利用及对基本医疗保险的了解程度影响补充医疗保险需求。     

广东省商业保险承办大病医疗保险的实践研究

总结了广东省在探索商业保险公司承办大病医疗保险的过程中,涌现出的湛江模式、珠海模式、江门模式等创新模式中的运作方式、盈利限制、经营收益等方面的共同点以及覆盖范围、筹资标准、模式特色等方面的差异性。提出多种大病医疗保险运营模式本质上都是一种政府购买服务,商业保险公司通过保险合同的方式参与社会医疗保险的运作,因各地对商业保险公司的盈利都做出了限制,目前商业保险公司的运营基本属于亏损,对制度的可持续运行也提出了挑战。建议进一步明确大病医疗保险的定位,慎重考虑大病医疗保险的未来发展方向,完善顶层制度设计。     

黑龙江省城镇职工补充医疗保险需求调查与影响因素分析

目的:了解黑龙江省城镇职工对补充医疗保险的需要、需求及影响因素.方法:采用分层抽样法,自制问卷对黑龙江省城镇职工补充医疗保险的需求进行个人调查.结果:只有18.2%的受访者了解补充医疗保险:29.67%受访者防范未知医疗疾病风险以个人存款为主要途径,还有16.92%没有任何准备;80.4%受访者愿意参加城镇职工补充医疗保险.在补充医疗保险的举办方式上,选择社会医疗保险机构举办的自愿性补充医疗保险居多,占45.5%.结论:政府医疗保障部门和商业医疗保险机构应该关注城镇职工的补充医疗保险需求,并要参考城镇职工实际需求意愿,制定适宜的城镇职工补充医疗政策和实施方案.     

温州市高收入职工对特需服务补充医疗保险的需求分析

笔者设计了覆盖基本医疗保险药品目录以外药品费用和特需服务的补充医疗保险方案1和2,通过对温州市高收入职工的意愿参与和意愿支付调查,发现收入、保险价格、对保险的认知、职业情况、罹患慢性病及其对基本医疗保险的了解程度等是影响高收入者对这两种方案意愿参保的主要因素;需求价格弹性分别为-1.07和-1.29。覆盖特需服务的补充医疗保险应注重个性化和多样化需求,并需注意逆向选择。     

推进与进一步深化城镇职工医疗保险制度改革的思考

近年在研究国家公费医疗管理与社会医疗保险中所发现的问题 ,参照国家医疗保险制度改革的有关政策 ,提出了在现阶段推进与进一步深化城镇职工医疗保险制度改革有待于深入研究与规范的问题。即 :医疗保险的启动资金 ,医疗保险的组织机构 ,医疗保险费用的偿付 ,医疗保险的保障范围 ,医疗保险的覆盖范围 ,基本医疗保险与补充医疗保险的关系等 ,并就以上问题阐述了作者的看法     

推行与进一步深化城镇职工医疗保险制度改革的思考

近年在研究国家公费医疗管理与社会医疗保险中所发现的问题,参照国家医疗保险制度改革的有关政策,提出了在现阶段推进进一步深化城镇职工医疗保险制度改革有待于深入研究与规范的问题。即：医疗保险的启动资金,医疗保险的组织机构,医疗保险费用的偿付,医疗保险的保障范围,医疗保险的覆盖范围,基本医疗保险与补充医疗保险的关系等,并就以上问题阐述了作者的看法。     

南通市城乡居民补充医疗保险:问题、根源与对策

南通市在推动基本医疗保险全面发展的基础上大力发展补充医疗保险,不仅优化和完善了南通市的居民医疗保障体系,同时也有效缓解了老百姓的"看病难、看病贵"问题.但调查发现,南通市现行补充医疗保险在覆盖范围、理赔流程、管理运行、保障水平等方面还存在诸多问题.本文在分析导致上述问题的根源并借鉴国内相关实践经验的基础上,从明确供给定位、培养专业人才、强化监管职能、拓宽筹资渠道及推动机构发展等方面,提出助推补充医疗保险高质量发展的若干对策建议.     

中国、美国、泰国三国医疗保险制度比较分析

文章通过对高度市场化运作的美国医疗保险体系和泰国覆盖全民的"30珠医疗保险计划"的分析,结合当前我国医疗保险体系的运行现状,尤其是新型农村合作医疗的发展状况,从医疗保险制度、管理主体、筹资主体和支付模式等不同层面对3个国家的医疗保险体系进行比较分析,最终为我国医疗保险体系的建设和完善提出了合理化建议和对策.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.     

Regional Variation in Travel-related Illness acquired in Africa,March 1997–May 2011

To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.     

The design of hazard risk assessment matrices for ranking occupational health risks and their application in mining and minerals processing

Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.