感染性气溶胶泄漏环境风险预测模型系统与应用

目的针对高等级生物安全实验室污染物泄漏的环境风险开展理论与技术研究,建立适用于高等级生物安全实验室发生感染性气溶胶泄漏的环境风险预测模型。方法以烟团扩散模型为基础,并结合病原微生物在空气中的传播特性和周边地形条件进行修正,建立了感染性气溶胶泄漏环境风险预测模型系统。结果与结论模拟案例分析表明,在发生极端风险泄漏事故时,实验室周边将出现短暂的高风险区。当大气环境为中性稳定度时,发生感染性气溶胶泄漏事故对环境浓度影响最大。     

高等级生物安全实验室废水风险控制及评估研究

目的开展高等级生物安全实验室(BSL)的废水风险控制以及废水的环境风险评估研究,为高等级BSL废水的环境风险控制与管理服务。方法通过检索国内外相关研究成果,系统分析了高等级BSL产生的废水种类、感染性及其处置流程,分析了可能产生环境风险事故的节点及污染传播途径,研究了病原微生物的感染性、风险严重程度、可控性、影响范围和感染人群等因素。结果制定了高等级BSL废水风险控制的方法,提出了环境风险评估分级的方法以及高等级BSL风险防范措施。结论通过本研究提出的高等级BSL废水风险控制的方法以及环境风险评估分级和管理的方法,可有效预防和处理高等级BSL废水引起的环境风险事故。     

加强护理隐患意识提高安全管理水平

防范护理差错和事故,确保护理安全已成为现代护理管理工作的重点也是现代护理管理体系的重要形式.重视寻找护理缺陷是防范护理隐患的根本.充分认识医疗风险,加强风险识别,提高护理人员的综合素质是规避风险的前提.本文就护理安全隐患存在的原因进行了分析,提出防范措施,提高了护理安全管理.     

基于文献调研的生物武器历史回顾与分析

防范生物武器是生物安全的重要组成部分,《中华人民共和国生物安全法》设立有“防范生物恐怖与生物武器威胁”专章。了解生物武器历史,对于有效防范生物武器具有积极意义。该文基于国内外公开出版的图书及期刊文献,回顾并分析了生物武器历史,以供生物安全相关领域人员参考。     

美国生物安全防御体系建设及对中国的启示

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情造成的大量人员伤亡及经济损失让各国不得不重新审视生物安全防御体系建设。随着基因编辑、人工智能等技术的迅速发展,使得对病原的改造、对特定种群的感染及智能化袭击逐渐成为可能。美国在生物安全防御体系建设方面一直处于世界领先地位。本文从美国生物安全防御政策法规的制定、生物安全防御领域投入的经费分析、生物监测及预警体系建设现状、高等级生物安全实验室建设现状这四个方面对美国生物安全防御体系建设的历史、演进、经验进行总结,并列举对中国生物安全防御体系建设的启示,以期为完善我国生物安全防御体系建设提供参考。     

正压生物防护头罩综合效能评估研究进展

正压生物防护头罩是高等级个人生物防护装备之一,广泛应用于高危生物危害环境下作业人员的生物安全防护.该文从防护性能和人体功效学角度分析了正压生物防护头罩在综合效能评估方面的研究与存在问题,结合国内外标准要求提出未来发展趋势,为我国正压生物防护头罩的技术发展、科学评估和安全应用提供参考.     

我国生物安全能力可持续发展的重点

生物安全是指全球化时代国家有效应对生物及其技术因素的影响和威胁,维护和保障自身安全与利益的状态和能力.生物安全的能力建设主要包括监测、预警、鉴别、处置、恢复等方面.未来相当长时期我国生物安全能力建设应突出重点,有计划地加强针对高风险病原体的疫苗和药物基础与开发研究能力,全面加强基于建模与多种信息资源融合的风险预测与危害评估分析能力,重视加强新兴生物技术谬用的风险评估能力,确保生物安全能力的可持续发展.     

中法生物安全实验室标准应用体系对比分析

目的揭示中法两国生物安全实验室标准应用体系的状况。方法以中法两国的ISO/IEC生物安全实验室应用的标准体系为研究对象,收集和整理生物安全实验室相关标准信息,主要运用标准信息的文献计量方法,从标准的现行数量、分类、制定、修订、等效国际标准等方面的对比分析。结果与结论建议中国在生物安全实验室管理上应加强对医疗设备、卫生用品、洗涤设备等的灭菌消毒系列标准、实验室风险管理和持续改进方法等国际标准的等效采用。     

高级别生物安全实验室废弃物安全处置

近年来，高级别生物安全实验室（BSL-3，BSL-4）污染物和废弃物的排放越来越引起人们的关注。处置的首要原则是必须在实验室内对所有的废弃物进行净化、高压灭菌或焚烧，确保感染性生物因子的“零排放”。根据国内外相关资料，结合我们的科研成果，本文综述了生物安全实验室废气、废水、固体废物的处置策略，以及废弃物管理的理念与内容。     

浅谈如何加强医疗风险管理

医疗工作是一项高风险的工作,国际公认的“医疗风险无处不在”,贯穿诊断、治疗和康复的全过程。现结合笔者工作实践,探讨如何加强医疗风险管理,防范医疗风险。     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.