微量元素在变质岩地层对比中的应用

方法利用微量元素丰度值变化规律与测井资料相配合，对东胜堡－静安堡潜山带内幕地层进行对比。目的解决其潜山带岩性识别难度大．地层对比困难的问题。结果以微量元素集聚变化的特征为主，结合岩性组合和斯伦贝谢测井资料，建立了两个标志层，在此基础上，将潜山带地层进行了对比，并自下而上划分了七个岩性段。结论采用本文方法进行潜山带内幕地层对比是可行的，而且效果较理想．并为在变质岩中进行地层对比与岩性划分提供了新的途径。     

长岭凹陷黑帝庙油层岩性油藏勘探实践

摘要：对资源基础、构造背景、储层展布、油源断裂等岩性油藏成藏条件分析,明确长岭凹陷黑帝庙油层为“下生上储”的含油气组合,存在北部塔虎城地区砂岩上倾尖灭岩性油藏带,中部乾安地区断层－岩性油藏带,南部大情字井地区断层－岩性、岩性油藏带。 运用三维地震储层预测、低阻油层识别、水平井＋体积压裂等技术实施勘探,结果表明,塔虎城地区连片含油,乾安-大情字井老油田之上发现新的油藏。     

窄条带砂体随机模拟井网优化部署方法

以大庆外围特低渗透岩性油藏－－榆树林油田为例,通过对含油砂体的地质解剖,提出了一套适合窄条带河道砂体的随机模拟井网优化部署方法。     

准噶尔盆地北三台西斜坡岩性和复合圈闭预测

北三台西斜坡白垩系在斜坡背景下发育鼻突构造,局部存在中小型断裂,构造圈闭不发育,为预测白垩系隐蔽圈闭发育带,采取了高分辨率层序地层与构造背景、沉积相和成藏模式综合研究的分析方法,确定清水河组中上部和呼图壁河组下部的３ 个准层序（ Ｋ１ｑ２１－（２～４） 、Ｋ１ｑ２１－１和Ｋ１ｈ１２－３）为含油气准层序（小层）。据分析,该３ 个含油气准层序以辫状河沉积为主,其中辫状河河道带和冲积扇是储集层发育的有利相带。在水进背景下,超覆尖灭的砂体和上覆泥岩的组合有利于形成上倾尖灭岩性圈闭,而局部断裂与超覆尖灭砂体的组合则易形成岩性－构造复合圈闭。根据以上特点,在研究区东南部成功预测了５ 个上倾尖灭岩性圈闭和岩性－构造复合圈闭,对该区白垩系油气勘探具有一定的指导意义。     

川中地区上三叠统须家河组典型气藏解剖与天然气成藏主控因素分析

对分别代表川中地区上三叠统须家河组须二段、须四段和须六段气藏特征的潼南、八角场和广安3 个气藏进行了解剖分析与描述。结果表明：川中地区上三叠统须家河组天然气均系近源成藏,北部以构造气藏和构造－岩性气藏为主;中部和南部受古残丘、古盐体底辟拱升的影响,以岩性气藏和裂缝－岩性气藏为主;西部斜坡带以裂缝－岩性气藏为主。良好的烃源岩为天然气近源成藏奠定了物质基础,大规模断层的存在是决定天然气保存的关键因素,古构造、古隆起及其斜坡部位是天然气运移的有利指向区。该研究为川中地区上三叠统须家河组天然气勘探工作提供了理论依据。     

岩性地层型油气聚集区带的基本特征

岩性地层型油气聚集区带是指一组受岩相、岩性或地层变化影响而形成的成藏组合,控制了具有相似地质背景和成因类型的岩性地层油气藏的形成与分布。岩性地层型油气聚集区带以岩性地层油气藏为主要勘探对象,具有明确的勘探目的层系,对描述手段的要求更高。根据成因主控因素,将岩性地层型油气聚集区带划分为岩性变化带和地层变化带两大类,并进一步按照沉积相类型和地层接触关系划分为前缘带、近岸扇体、河道、超覆带、不整合带5种主要的区带类型。对不同类型区带的基本特征和控藏规律进行了讨论。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界石油滚动勘探开发技术

鄂尔多斯盆地中生界石油滚动勘探开发,经历了二十多年的发展,逐步形成了独具长庆特色的侏罗系,三叠系,老油田滚动勘探开发三大技术系列。侏罗系滚动勘醋发技术是针对侏罗系古地貌式的岩性－构造油藏,通过恢复古地貌和古水系,确定局部构造,并在有利储集相带早期预测评价;三叠系滚动勘探开发技术是对以三角洲沉积体系控制的长３以上的三角液平原分流河道砂体形成的构造－岩性渍藏,采取细分沉积微相,确立有利储集相带,在与区     

二连盆地三种典型构造带岩性油藏形成模式分析

二连盆地各凹陷内部划分出3种典型构造带:陡坡带、缓坡带和洼槽带;不同的构造带岩性油藏成藏条件组合特征不同。通过解剖近几年隐蔽油藏勘探获得重大突破的凹陷中的典型岩性油藏,总结出适合二连盆地各凹陷中3个构造带的岩性油藏成藏条件组合模式。其模式分别为:陡坡带、缓坡带和洼槽带岩性油藏成藏条件组合模式。成藏条件组合模式不同,自然导致各构造带岩性圈闭成藏模式也不同,据此提出3种岩性油藏成藏模式:1)陡坡带自生自储型岩性油藏成藏模式,2)缓坡带旁生侧储型岩性油藏成藏模式,3)洼槽带下生上储型岩性油藏成藏模式。这3种成藏模式是目前二连盆地岩性油藏勘探突破的典型成藏模式。      

柴达木盆地西南区古近—新近纪坡折带及其对岩性圈闭的控制作用

将坡折带理论运用于研究区岩性圈闭的勘探研究,将柴西南地区坡折带划分为构造坡折带、沉积坡折带和侵蚀坡折带。阐述了各类坡折带的发育特征和成因,认为坡折带对低水位体系域具有重要的控制作用;构造坡折带易于造成湖盆边缘低水位期近岸三角洲扇体或水下扇及湖盆底部低水位期浊积扇的发育,并形成透镜状河道砂体岩性圈闭;侵蚀坡折带对侵蚀谷岩性圈闭具有明显控制作用。讨论了多级坡折带对岩性圈闭的控制作用,认为柴西南地区铁木里克—切克里克凹陷三级坡折带由上而下分别控制了侵蚀谷圈闭、地层超覆圈闭和浊积扇圈闭的发育与分布。根据各区块的沉积、储层、油源及运移等成藏条件,对研究区重点区块岩性圈闭进行了预测与评价,并阐述了各区块岩性圈闭的类型、层位以及评价等级。总结了重点区块岩性油气藏发育的成藏模式,认为七个泉陡坡带和红柳泉构造坡折带是研究区最有利岩性圈闭发育的区块。     

马达班湾盆地东部上新统岩性气藏控制因素

马达班湾盆地东部上新统砂体比较发育,且紧邻生气凹陷,具有油气成藏的优越条件。文章对马达班湾盆地东部上新统岩性气藏的油气成藏条件进行了综合分析,建立了研究区斜坡带与凹陷带岩性气藏的成藏模式。研究认为,研究区新构造运动为该区岩性气藏的形成提供了良好的地质背景,优越的区域位置和良好的烃源岩为该区岩性气藏的形成与富集奠定了基础,沉积体系的时空分布控制了岩性圈闭的发育与分布,具有良好的储盖组合与保存条件,骨架砂体与断层等为油气提供了良好的运移通道。结合国内外岩性气藏的研究现状,该区岩性气藏可划分为砂岩上倾尖灭气藏、断层-岩性气藏2种,且以断层-岩性气藏为主。研究区斜坡带下部与凹陷带的成藏条件优越,为岩性气藏的有利发育带。     

PETROLEUM PROSPECTS OF CRETACEOUS SEDIMENTS OF THE CAMBAY BASIN, GUJARAT, INDIA

The Cambay Basin in the NW part of the Indian Peninsula is a commercial petroleum producer from Tertiary sediments resting on the basic lava flows known as Deccan Traps. Cretaceous sediments which underlie the Deccan Traps are exposed in the eastern and western margins of the basin and are also encountered in the subsurface. The paleogeographic reconstruction of the Cambay Basin suggests that the northern part, possessing a thin cover of Cretaceous sediments, has meagre petroleum prospects. However, the southern part of the basin, where more than 1,000 m of Cretaceous sediments were deposited by two independent drainage systems, may be more lucrative. Suitable facies for generation and accumulation of petroleum are expected in this part of the basin.     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AGES OF SHIELDS, DIPS OF ADJACENT SEDIMENTARY BASEMENTS, AND OCCURRENCE OF OIL AND GAS

Crystalline shields can become stable at different times. This stability is commonly marked by the end of magmatism and compressive deformation and the beginning of deposition of platformal sedimentary sequences. The margins of the shields are then the basements for undeformed sediments that dip away from the exposed crystalline rocks. Dips of basements on shield margins directly underlying Phanerozoic sediments have been determined in seven areas in which the margin has not been altered by rifting or other tectonic activity. The adjacent shields have stabilization ages ranging from more than 3,000 m.y. to 600 m.y. The basement dips (tilts) increase progressively from about 3 m/km for older shields to 16 m/km adjacent to the youngest shield (the Nubian-Arabian shield). These tilts can only approximately be recalculated into uplift rates of the shields or subsidence rates of their margins. The dips are, however, consistent with Phanerozoic uplift rates of Archean cratons of less than 5 m/m.y., or comparable subsidence rates of the margins; such low uplift rates could be caused almost wholly by erosion and isostatic adjustment. Younger shields have undergone some other, as yet unidentified, process that causes more rapid uplift. The higher dips of basements around younger shields apparently promote the development of thick sections of mildly-deformed Phanerozoic sediments. Sequences of this type are commonly favorable for accumulation of commercial concentrations of oil and gas. A correlation has been found between age of shield, basement dip, and hydrocarbon occurrence around the western edge of the Canadian shield and the northern edge of Africa. The data show that oil and gas are more abundant in Phanerozoic sediments adjacent to younger shields, which supports the common observation that the world's largest hydrocarbon accumulation (the Arabian Gulf) is adjacent to the world's youngest shield (the Nubian-Arabian shield). This criterion for hydrocarbon accumulation may be of some value in exploration of little-known areas. For example, basements of different ages occur adjacent to the overthrust belt of the northern Rockies, and the generally-young age of Precambrian basement in the eastern US may indicate considerable thickness of sediment under crystalline thrusts in the Appalachians. Different ages of shields in different parts of China may also have broadly affected sedimentary patterns in that country.     

PETROLOGY, PROVENANCE, AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENTS OF THE RESERVOIR SANDSTONES OF OSSU-IZOMBE OILFIELD, IMO STATE, NIGERIA

Upper Eocene immature subarkoses derived from Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, older granites and metamorphic rocks, form the reservoir sandstones of the Ossu-Izombe oilfield, Imo State, Nigeria. These sandstones accumulated as part of a deltaic deposit. The vertical section of deltaic facies consists, from base to top, of a progradational sequence (prodelta and delta front), an aggradational unit (delta plain, marsh and interdistributary bay), and an overlying transgressive shallow marine interval. This sequence was penetrated by nearly all of the 15 wells drilled in the area. Reservoir sandstones are present within the distributary mouth bars, point bars, braided stream deposits, and the shallow marine interval.
Thin section studies, electric-log analyses, and data from modern deltas have aided in establishing the environments of deposition of these sandstone bodies. The principal results of this study are: (1) the basal C sandstone represents distributary mouth bar sands deposited at water depths of about 10 m; (2) the intermediate B group consist of point bar and distributary channel sandstone deposits of the lower delta plain; (3) the A-2 sandstone tops the deltaic cycle as a product of braided streams; and (4) a shallow marine deposit, the A-1.1 and A-1 sandstones, occurs at the top of the deltaic cycle.     

HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF EL SUKHNA AREA, GULF OF SUEZ, EGYPT

The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), total organic carbon (%TOC) and petroleum related heavy metals beside the grain size distribution of El Sukhna area, Egypt were determined in the bottom sediment. Copper, zinc and nickel concentrations were found within the lowest effect, while lead and cadmium levels were close to and high to the lowest effect, respectively. The contaminations level were found due to petrogenic origin and their sources are either weathered or highly weathered crude oils and or used lubricating oil. Their detection gives an indication of recent and continuous petroleum inputs.     

HEAVY METALS AND PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS CONTAMINATION OF BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF EL SUKHNA AREA,GULF OF SUEZ,EGYPT

The concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), total organic carbon (%TOC) and petroleum related heavy metals beside the grain size distribution of El Sukhna area, Egypt were determined in the bottom sediment. Copper, zinc and nickel concentrations were found within the lowest effect, while lead and cadmium levels were close to and high to the lowest effect, respectively. The contaminations level were found due to petrogenic origin and their sources are either weathered or highly weathered crude oils and or used lubricating oil. Their detection gives an indication of recent and continuous petroleum inputs.     

ASPECTS OF THE PETROLEUM GEOLOGY OF THE BERMEJO FIELD, NORTHWESTERN ORIENTE BASIN, ECUADOR

The principal reservoirs in the Bermejo oilfield in the NW Oriente Basin of Ecuador are the Cretaceous Hollin Formation and the basal sandstone in the Tena Formation ("basal Tena sand"). Analysis of 3D seismic and wireline log data suggests that much of the Hollin Formation consists of stacked fluvial channel deposits. In the overlying Napo Formation, the excellent correlation of log signatures, continuous seismic reflections, and the absence of thick sandstone layers (except for the coarsening-upward Napo "T" sand), suggest deposition from uniform processes, possibly in a shelf environment. The upper Napo and lower Tena Formations are interpreted as a series of transgressive deposits, punctuated by the basal Tena sand. Truncation in the Hollín Formation is better observed on east-west seismic lines than on north-south seismic lines, suggesting a north-south trending fluvial system. This, together with the northward thinning of the top Hollín shale suggesting an east-west trending palaeo-shorezone, further predicts north-south oriented reservoir distribution. The palaeogeography of the Oriente Basin was probably more complex than that portrayed in previous depositional models which depict a north-south oriented palaeo-shorezone and sediment supply from the east. Detailed depth structure maps reveal structural closures that have not been tested.     

GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A BIODEGRADED CRUDE OIL, ASSRAN FIELD, CENTRAL GULF OF SUEZ

A crude oil sample from the Assran field in the Central Gulf of Suez (Egypt) was analysed geochemically and characterized in terms of a variety of source and maturity dependent biomarkers. Biodegradation was indicated by increasing concentration ratios of Pr/n-C₁₇ and Ph/n-C₁₈. However, biodegradation was only slight as GC-MS analyses of the saturate and aromatic fractions showed that hopanes, steranes, aromatic steroids and polycyclic aromatic compounds including sulphur heterocycles remained intact. The sterane and hopane distributions showed a predominance of C₂₇ steranes, a low diasterane index, an abundance of gammacerane, a high homohopane index and an oleanane index < 0.2. The results indicate that the Assran-10 crude oil was derived from a marine carbonate source deposited in a highly reducing saline environment with a high bacterial contribution, consistent with the Upper Cretaceous Brown Limestone or Lower Eocene Thebes Formation containing Type IIS kerogen. Maturity parameters based on changes in the stereochemistry at chirality centres in hopane and sterane nuclei, such as C₃₀βα/(βα+αβ) and C₃₁ 22S/(22S+22R) hopanes and C₂₉ββ/(ββ+αα) and C₂₉ 20S/(20S+20R) steranes, together with triaromatic sterane cracking ratios, indicate that the oil sample was marginally mature. The results also suggest that biodegradation is probably due to sulphate-reducing anaerobic bacteria.     

辽河盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价

辽河盆地是我国煤、油、气共生盆地之一，开展该盆地东部凹陷深部煤层气成藏条件评价，对于优选煤层气有利探区，实现该区煤层气与常规油气共采具有重要意义。从气源条件、储集条件和保存条件3个方面，分析了东部凹陷深部煤层气的成藏条件，并对其进行综合评价，结果表明东部凹陷具有煤层分布面积广、厚度大、变质程度低、含气量低、含气饱和度高、埋藏较深、煤层气地质储量丰富及保存条件良好等特点，认为该区煤层气成藏条件较好，能够实现与常规油气共采，具有很好的勘探开发前景。     

N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺的合成研究

以丙烯酰胺和多聚甲醛为原料 ,浓盐酸为催化剂 ,在 1 ,2二氯乙烷溶剂中于 76～ 78℃下反应 2 h,合成了 N,N 亚甲基双丙烯酰胺 ,收率可达 83% ,IR谱图与进口纯样一致。讨论了影响合成的各种因素。     

THE HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION OF THE BASINS OF THE ROSS SEA,ANTARCTICA, FROM MODELLING OF THE GEOPHYSICAL DATA†

Geophysical definition of the three major sedimentary basins of the Ross Sea and scientific drilling on their margins have provided enough information for conceptual models of hydrocarbon generation and source rock character to be applied. The Waples-Lopatin geochemical model used is an accepted part of preliminary exploration in petroleum frontier areas where data are limited. The model has only a narrow empirical base despite widespread use by the exploration industry, but its value is in the collation and utilization of a variety of parameters which control the physical environment of hydrocarbon generation. This modelling evaluation attempts to overcome the condemnation of a region because of the lack of data rather than the lack of true petroleum potential. In the Ross Sea, the Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) holes 270–273 showed that methane and heavier hydrocarbons are present in the drilled sequences. However, to be significant, they must be indicative of regional generation and not just the result of local anomalies. Modelling shows that there are areas of the Ross Sea where the conditions for hydrocarbon generation should be present and these areas are worthy of future exploration.