掺磷四面体非晶碳薄膜电极的电化学伏安特性

采用过滤阴极真空电弧技术, 以高纯磷烷气体为掺杂源制备掺磷四面体非晶碳(ta-C:P)薄膜. 利用X射线光电子能谱和激光拉曼光谱表征薄膜的成分和结构, 采用循环伏安和微分脉冲伏安分析薄膜的电化学行为. 结果表明, 磷的掺入没有引起薄膜非晶结构的明显变化, 只是促进了sp²杂化碳原子的团簇. 经过酸预处理的ta-C:P薄膜在硫酸溶液中有宽的电势窗口和低的背景电流; 对Cl^-有催化活性; 薄膜表面电子传输速度快; 对水溶液中Cu²⁺和Cd²⁺有检测活性. 因此具有良好导电性的ta-C:P薄膜适于作为电极并有望用于污水中重金属离子的分析检测等领域.     

PECVD制备掺氮类金刚石薄膜的电化学特性

利用混合离子束系统,通过辉光放电等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法制备出类金刚石薄膜(DLC)和掺氮类金刚石薄膜(N-DLC),用可见拉曼光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描探针显微镜表征薄膜微观结构和表面形貌,采用电化学工作站测量了薄膜的电化学性能。结果表明,DLC薄膜的表面光滑致密、粗糙度低,掺氮增加了薄膜中的sp2团簇相并形成了C-N键,并使C-O键含量和薄膜表面的活性位点增加。N-DLC薄膜电极在硫酸溶液中的电化学势窗达4.5 V和较低的背景电流(0.3±0.2μA/cm2);在铁氰化钾溶液中电极的电流响应明显,表现为受扩散控制的准可逆过程。电极具有很好的重复性和稳定性。     

不锈钢表面防护TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜的耐腐蚀性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术在304不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜,并研究了TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜对不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)观察,结果表明薄膜表面光滑且薄膜结构均匀致密。Raman光谱和XRD测试结果表明,薄膜具有纳米晶TiC镶嵌非晶碳基质的典型纳米复合微结构。通过测量薄膜的静态接触角分析薄膜的润湿性,不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜后疏水性能明显提高,水接触角高达98°。电化学腐蚀测试结果表明,不锈钢表面沉积TiC/a-C∶H纳米复合薄膜体系在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中自腐蚀电位约为-0.09V,腐蚀电流密度为2.43×10-8 A·cm-2,与无薄膜防护的裸露不锈钢相比,其耐腐蚀性能得到明显改善。     

退火温度对金属催化四面体非晶碳转变为石墨烯过程的影响

设计了金属催化剂Ni/四面体非晶碳(ta-C)/基底三层结构,使用磁过滤阴极真空电弧设备制备了ta-C薄膜,用电子束蒸镀技术制备Ni薄膜,并对其进行快速热处理调控非晶碳转变石墨烯的过程,重点研究了热处理温度对石墨烯生长的影响。结果表明,沉积态的ta-C和Ni层均表面平整、均匀致密,其中Ni薄膜呈(111)晶面择优取向生长,为石墨烯的高质量生长提供了条件。同时,退火温度显著影响了非晶碳的石墨烯转变,当退火温度高于400℃时Ni表面能生成多层石墨烯,在500℃保温15 min可制备出质量较高的多层石墨烯。     

不同厚度四面体非晶碳薄膜的高通量制备及表征

材料基因组工程能大幅度提高材料研发速度, 降低材料研发成本, 近年来受到广泛关注。本研究采用高通量制备工艺, 结合碳等离子体束流和基片位置的调控, 利用自主设计研制的45°双弯曲磁过滤阴极真空电弧设备, 沉积了厚度为4.7~183 nm的系列四面体非晶碳(ta-C)薄膜, 使用椭偏仪、原子力显微镜、拉曼光谱仪和X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征了厚度对ta-C薄膜表面粗糙度、微结构和原子键态的影响。结果表明：通过碳等离子体束流和基片位置的调控, 实现了不同厚度ta-C薄膜的高通量制备。尽管膜厚不同, 所制备的ta-C薄膜均具有几乎不变的光滑表面(R_a=(0.38±0.02) nm)和色散值(Disp(G)), 说明不同厚度ta-C薄膜的sp³含量、sp²团簇尺寸保持相对稳定。XPS结果进一步证实ta-C薄膜的sp³相对含量均维持在(55±5)%。此外, 不同厚度ta-C薄膜的光学带隙E_opt均保持在(1.02±0.08)eV。相关结果为设计制备结构和光学性能可控的不同厚度ta-C薄膜提供了一种新思路。     

自组装时间和高温处理对Au/BDD电极表面形貌的影响及电化学性能分析

应用静电力自组装的方法在掺硼金刚石薄膜(BDD)电极表面制备了纳米Au颗粒的单层膜,通过高温加热使纳米Au颗粒牢固修饰在BDD薄膜表面。采用SEM和XPS对其表面形貌进行了表征,纳米Au颗粒在BDD薄膜表面分散均匀,且不存在团聚现象。采用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱对其电化学性能进行了研究,并对多巴胺进行了检测。结果表明:修饰后的BDD电极界面间电子转移速率显著提高,且对多巴胺表现出良好的电催化性;氧化峰电位由0.52V减小为0.3V,且氧化峰电流为BDD电极的1.9倍,检测限为3.0×10-6 mol/L,且在多巴胺和尿酸的混合溶液中有很强的选择性,为生物分子的检测提供了新方法。     

弧流对超薄四面体非晶碳膜的结构和性能的影响

使用45°双弯曲磁过滤阴极真空电弧系统(FCVA)制备超薄四面体非晶碳膜(ta-C),研究了弧流对薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明:当弧流由40 A增加到70 A时薄膜沉积速率提高,sp3的含量先增加后减小;当弧流为60 A时薄膜sp3的含量达到最大66%,密度也达到最大(3067 kg/m3)。残余压应力随着弧流的增加呈现先增加后减小的趋势,当弧流为40 A时薄膜的残余应力最小(4 GPa)。在碳膜沉积过程中碳源粒子有填充基体凹坑和减少基体缺陷的作用,使其表面非常光滑。超薄ta-C碳膜的表面粗糙度随着弧流的增加先降低后增加,当弧流为50 A时薄膜表面粗糙度最小(0.195 nm)。     

四面体非晶碳作为薄膜声表面波器件增频衬底的研究

为了提高薄膜声表面波器件工作频率,并增强功率承受能力,采用过滤阴极真空电弧技术制备四面体非晶碳(ta-C)薄膜,用作IDT/ZnO/Si结构的增频衬底。通过解析层状结构声表面波传播状态方程,对IDT/ZnO/ta-C/Si声表面波器件进行优化设计,计算表明,随着ta-C层厚的增加,其增频作用愈加明显,且在层厚较薄时增幅较大,当膜厚超过一定程度,增幅趋缓。利用网络分析仪测试频率响应特征,利用纳米压痕测试薄膜硬度,并利用可见光Raman和XPS表征薄膜的结构。实验表明,ta-C膜层对IDT/ZnO/Si结构声表面波滤波器起到了明显的增频作用,膜厚越大,增幅越高,测试规律与计算结果吻合良好,ta-C能够代替化学气相沉积多晶金刚石用作薄膜声表面波器件的增频衬底。     

基于碲膜置换制备粗糙金电极的无酶葡萄糖 电化学传感器

高粗糙度薄层贵金属纳米结构的界面组装对研制高性能的电化学传感器具有重要意义。以玻碳电极(GCE)上电沉积锯齿状形貌的半导体碲(Te)膜为模板,再将其与HAuCl_4进行原电池置换反应,制备了条棒状的粗糙Au薄膜修饰电极(AuTe-R/GCE)。在碱性环境中采用循环伏安法研究了AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的电催化氧化性能,并藉此构建了无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器。结果表明,与普通的镀金GCE(Aucon/GCE)和裸Au电极相比,AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的电催化氧化活性更高;在最优条件下,采用恒电位计时安培法检测了葡萄糖浓度,AuTe-R/GCE对葡萄糖的线性检测范围(LDR)为0.01～2.00 mmol·L~(-1),灵敏度为3.8 mA·mmol~(-1)·cm~(-2),检测下限(LOD)为55 nmol·L~(-1);且该无酶葡萄糖电化学传感器抗干扰能力强,稳定性好。以半导体碲膜制备特定形貌与高粗糙度薄层纳米Au的方法具有简便、快捷和低成本等优点,有望在高活性纳米电催化剂的界面组装及其电化学性能研究中被广泛应用。     

超薄金修饰的钯电极用于乙醇安培传感研究

超薄贵金属膜具有独特的结构和功能,创新其制备方法,拓展其电 化学应用具有重要意义。通过在镀 Pd 的玻碳电极（GCE）上电沉积欠导电 Se 超薄膜并作为模板,再与 HAuCl 4 进行原电池置换反应,制备了超薄 Au 膜修饰的镀 Pd 电极（Au Se /Pd/GCE）,并在碱性条件下采用循环伏安法研究 了 Au Se /Pd/GCE 对乙醇的电催化氧化性能影响,并构建了乙醇安培传感器。 研究表明,与裸 Pd 电极相比,Au Se /Pd/GCE 对乙醇的电催化氧化活性更高; 在最优条件下,修饰电极对乙醇的线性检测范围为 0.025~10.000 mmol·L -1,灵敏度为 0.94 (mA·cm -2)/(mmol·L-1),优于多数已报道的方法。此种以欠导电物质均匀电沉积薄膜为模板,采用原电池置换反应制备超薄贵金属膜的新 方法有望在纳米电催化剂的制备及电催化与电分析研究中广泛应用。     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.