血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白、IgE 和外周血嗜酸粒细胞与儿童支气管哮喘关系的研究

目的：探讨儿童支气管哮喘严重程度与血清嗜酸粒细胞阳离子蛋白（eosinophil cationic protein,ECP）、总IgE（Total IgE,TIgE）、嗜酸粒细胞（eosinophils,EOS）水平的关系;了解儿童支气管哮喘常见过敏原,为儿童支气管哮喘的预防、病情判断及治疗提供依据。方法据儿童哮喘严重程度分级标准将95例哮喘患儿分为间歇发作组（n＝23）、轻度组（n＝29）、中度组（n＝23）、重度组（n＝20）四个组,选取20例健康体检儿作为对照组。采用ImmunoCAP100E体外过敏原检测系统定量测定血清ECP、TIgE、过敏原特异性IgE（Specific IgE,SIgE）的水平,Sysmex XT-2000i血球分析仪进行EOS计数。结果95例患儿吸入性过敏原SIgE阳性率为71.58%,以户尘螨、粉尘螨、屋尘为主,分别占69.47%、68.42%、32.63%;食入性过敏原SIgE阳性率为22.11%,以虾、螃蟹为主,分别占21.05%、18.95%。血清ECP在哮喘各组与对照组;轻、中、重三组间均有显著性差异,P均＜0.05,最高值出现在重度组。血清TIgE在轻度组、间歇发作组、对照组三组之间差异均无统计学意义,P均＞0.05。EOS在哮喘各组与对照组间均有显著性差异, P均＜0.05;在重度与中度,中度与轻度,轻度与间歇发作组间差异均无统计学意义,P均＞0.05。血清ECP水平与TIgE、EOS水平呈正相关（r＝0.615,P＜0.01;r＝0.533,P＜0.01）;TIgE水平与EOS水平呈正相关（r＝0.239,P＜0.05）。结论血清ECP水平更能准确地反映气道炎症的程度,较TIgE和EOS更为敏感,可作为临床检测气道炎症的客观指标。户尘螨、粉尘螨和屋尘是导致3岁以上儿童支气管哮喘病情发作的主要过敏原。     

Efficacy of budesonide in inhaled corticosteroid-naive patients and patients with mild persistent asthma

BACKGROUND: Patients with mild intermittent or mild persistent asthma represent 70% of asthma sufferers. Inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) are the mainstay of treatment for persistent asthma, although many of the early clinical studies of these drugs included only patients with moderate to severe asthma. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the literature on the efficacy of budesonide in the treatment of mild persistent asthma, including newly diagnosed ICS-naive patients. METHODS: Published data were identified by a MEDLINE search of the English-language literature from 1992 to 2002 using the terms budesonide plus efficacy or safety, both with and without the termsfluticasone or beclomethasone. An AstraZeneca reference database was also used to identify publications from the same period. Controlled, randomized studies that included patients with mild persistent asthma and early-treatment intervention were selected for inclusion. RESULTS: Inhaled budesonide has been used for almost 20 years in the treatment and control of moderate to severe asthma. Studies involving patients with mild persistent asthma have demonstrated significant improvements in peak expiratory flow (PEF) rates (P < 0.01) and forced expiratory volume in I second (P < 0.016) values for adult, adolescent, and pediatric patients treated with budesonide compared with placebo. Budesonide therapy is effective when given once or twice daily via dry powder inhaler or nebulizer, even at a low starting dose (200 microg/d). No significant adverse events have been reported with budesonide within the dose range used to treat mild persistent asthma (200 to 400 microg/d). Significant improvements in PEF rates (P < 0.01) and significant reductions in the risk of exacerbations and the number of days with poorly controlled asthma have been reported for ICS-naive patients treated with budesonide compared with placebo (both P < 0.001). In the primary care setting, mild persistent asthma may be undertreated. Patients with mild persistent asthma benefit significantly from early treatment with budesonide (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of mild persistent asthma in adults and children, including many patients whose primary care physicians do not think they require daily ICS treatment.     

Asthma care of children in clinical practice: do parents report receiving appropriate education?

This paper describes asthma education received from the health care provider as reported by parents of children with asthma and evaluates differences in their report based on socio-demographic and disease characteristics. Methods: Parents of 228 children with asthma were recruited from diverse clinical practice sites and asked to report on the level of education received in key content areas the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program identified as critical. Results: The overall proportion of education content fully discussed was 66%. Areas that dealt with acute management (how to manage an asthma attack: 75%) and medication administration (how to use an MDI: 81%) were most likely to be discussed. Content dealing with ongoing chronic management and collaborative care planning (discussing goals of management: 44%; providing written guidelines for acute management: 44%) was significantly less likely to be discussed. Education reported differed significantly based on symptom severity and socio-demographic characteristics. Parents of children with moderate to severe persistent symptoms reported receiving more education than those of children with mild symptoms (p < .05). Minority and poor parents, parents with less education, and parents whose children received health care in a clinic practice setting reported more education received than did their counterparts (p < .05). Summary: Significant gaps exist in education received overall, and specifically in areas associated with developing a collaborative relationship between parent and health care provider. The initial observation of socio-demographic differences in education reported has implications for pediatric nurses involved in asthma education and warrants further investigation.     

Periodontal disease and mortality in type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE: Periodontal disease may contribute to the increased mortality associated with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal study of 628 subjects aged > or =35 years, we examined the effect of periodontal disease on overall and cardiovascular disease mortality in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. Periodontal abnormality was classified as no or mild, moderate, and severe, based on panoramic radiographs and clinical dental examinations. RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 11 years (range 0.3-16), 204 subjects died. The age- and sex-adjusted death rates for all natural causes expressed as the number of deaths per 1,000 person-years of follow-up were 3.7 (95% CI 0.7-6.6) for no or mild periodontal disease, 19.6 (10.7-28.5) for moderate periodontal disease, and 28.4 (22.3-34.6) for severe periodontal disease. Periodontal disease predicted deaths from ischemic heart disease (IHD) (P trend = 0.04) and diabetic nephropathy (P trend < 0.01). Death rates from other causes were not associated with periodontal disease. After adjustment for age, sex, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, macroalbuminuria, BMI, serum cholesterol concentration, hypertension, electrocardiographic abnormalities, and current smoking in a proportional hazards model, subjects with severe periodontal disease had 3.2 times the risk (95% CI 1.1-9.3) of cardiorenal mortality (IHD and diabetic nephropathy combined) compared with the reference group (no or mild periodontal disease and moderate periodontal disease combined). CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal disease is a strong predictor of mortality from IHD and diabetic nephropathy in Pima Indians with type 2 diabetes. The effect of periodontal disease is in addition to the effects of traditional risk factors for these diseases.     

Burden of asthma in the hospital setting: an Australian analysis

OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to report factors associated with asthma hospital admission, such as patient characteristics, type of admission and subsequent outcome i.e. discharge or death, for the years 2000-2005. These data are used for health economic models regarding asthma burden in the hospital setting in Australia. METHODS: Data was obtained from the Australian Centre for Asthma Monitoring using their amalgamated dataset from all states and territories. Admissions under ICD-10 codes J45 'Asthma' plus all subcodes, and J46 'acute severe asthma' were included. Codes for associated comorbidity at the time of admission were identified, as well as the month of death, age, gender and length and the type of stay. Confidence intervals for death rate assumed a binomial distribution because of the rarity of event. RESULTS: The total number of all-cause deaths for the 5-year observation period was 289 from 202,739 asthma separations or 0.14% or 143 deaths/100,000 separations and the highest rate was seen in patients over 45 years. Acute upper respiratory tract infections were reported in up to 25% of all asthma hospital admissions. Length of stay was up to a mean average of 10.2 days in patients who died (SD 15.3). In 5 years observation there was 152,758 emergency asthma admissions which contributed greatly to Australian healthcare burden. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that emergency admissions dominate asthma care in the hospital setting in Australia, which suggests poor asthma control in some patients with subsequent economic burden. Asthma-related mortality remains a risk for specific patients in the hospital setting.     

The administration of beta2-agonists for paediatric asthma and its adverse reaction in Australian and New Zealand emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.

AIM: To determine the current use of beta2-agonists, in particular salbutamol, for the management of acute asthma in children in emergency departments throughout Australia and New Zealand. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire that sought to determine the current use of salbutamol and any adverse drug reactions in paediatric emergency departments. RESULTS: Out of 37 hospitals eligible as paediatric emergency departments, 33 (89.1%) responded to the survey, 54.5% having guidelines for the management of acute asthma. Of the paediatric emergency departments surveyed, 45.5% used metered-dose inhaler spacer combination in the treatment of mild to moderate asthma. All paediatric emergency departments used nebulized salbutamol for acute severe asthma. In addition, 85% of paediatric emergency departments used continuous-infusion intravenous salbutamol in unresponsive patients, 63.6% administering a single-dose intravenous salbutamol bolus before commencing the infusion. District paediatric emergency departments were more likely to treat with continuous-infusion intravenous salbutamol outside of the intensive care unit. Clinical unresponsiveness to inhaled salbutamol and clinical improvement were the reported criteria in all paediatric emergency departments for the use and cessation of intravenous salbutamol. Adverse drug reactions were common: tremor (90%), hypokalaemia (45.5%) and supraventricular tachycardia (21%), particularly if continuous-infusion intravenous salbutamol administered. Eight deaths from asthma were reported, none being related to adverse drug reactions. CONCLUSION: We report a wide variation of salbutamol use in paediatric emergency departments and a high prevalence of type A adverse drug reactions when continuous-infusion intravenous salbutamol therapy was administered. More evidence is needed on the clinical significance of the adverse effects reported in this study and optimal doses for the safe use of continuous-infusion intravenous salbutamol therapy in paediatric emergency departments.     

Forskolin versus sodium cromoglycate for prevention of asthma attacks: a single-blinded clinical trial

To determine the efficacy of forskolin in preventing asthma attacks, we performed a single-blinded clinical study in children and adult out-patients at a public hospital in Mexico. Forty patients of either sex with mild persistent or moderate persistent asthma were assigned randomly to 6 months of treatment with forskolin at 10 mg/day orally (capsules) or with two inhalations of sodium cromoglycate every 8 h, i.e. three times a day. The number of patients who had asthma attacks during the treatment period was significantly lower among those receiving forskolin (8/20, 40%) than among those receiving sodium cromoglycate (17/20, 85%). Values of forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expiratory flow, mid-phase, A similar in the two groups during the treatment period. We conclude that forskolin is more effective than sod cromoglycate in preventing asthma attacks in patients with mild persistent or moderate persistent asthma.     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白及白细胞介素-22水平变化及意义

目的观察急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)患儿血浆可溶性血栓调节蛋白(soluble thrombomodulin,sTM)、白细胞介素-22(interleukin-22,IL-22)水平变化,探讨其预测ARDS患儿预后的价值。方法ARDS患儿89例为ARDS组,体检健康儿童54例为对照组。ARDS患儿根据氧合指数(oxygenation index,OI)分为轻度组(OI≥201~300mm Hg)27例,中度组(OI≥101~200mm Hg)39例,重度组(OI≤100mm Hg)23例;根据住院28d内生存或死亡情况分为死亡组33例和生存组56例。采用ELISA法检测各组血浆sTM、IL-22水平;比较轻、中、重度组ARDS患儿急性生理和慢性健康状况评估Ⅱ(acute physiological and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ)评分、序贯器官衰竭评估(sequential organ failure assessment,SOFA)评分、OI等临床资料;比较轻、中、重度组ARDS患儿与对照组、生存组、死亡组ARDS患儿血浆sTM、IL-22水平;Pearson相关分析ARDS患儿血浆sTM、IL-22水平与OI、APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分的相关性;绘制ROC曲线,评估血浆sTM、IL-22预测ARDS患儿预后的价值。结果重度组APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分高于轻度组和中度组,OI低于轻度组和中度组(P<0.05);中度组APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分高于轻度组,OI低于轻度组(P<0.05)。重度组28d内病死率(78.26%)高于轻度组(18.52%)和中度组(25.64%)(P<0.05),轻度组与中度组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。轻、中、重度组血浆sTM[(4.02±1.46)、(6.23±2.48)、(9.35±3.05)μg/L]、IL-22[(17.59±3.82)、(25.34±4.49)、(32.65±6.59)μmol/L]水平依次升高(P<0.05),且均高于对照组[(2.15±0.65)μg/L、(4.05±1.35)μmol/L](P<0.05)。死亡组血浆sTM[(9.95±1.79)μg/L]、IL-22[(31.48±5.24)μmol/L]水平均高于生存组[(4.25±1.54)μg/L、(20.99±4.65)μmol/L](P<0.05)。ARDS患儿血浆sTM、IL-22水平与OI呈负相关(r=-0.651,P<0.001;r=-0.679,P<0.001),与APACHEⅡ评分(r=0.502,P=0.003;r=0.568,P<0.001)、SOFA评分(r=0.521,P=0.001;r=0.549,P<0.001)呈正相关。血浆sTM以7.49μg/L为最佳截断值,预测ARDS患儿预后的AUC为0.827(95%CI:0.734~0.919,P<0.001),灵敏度为75.76%,特异度为80.36%;IL-22以27.09μmol/L为最佳截断值,预测ARDS患儿预后的AUC为0.766(95%CI:0.642~0.889,P<0.001),灵敏度为69.70%,特异度为87.50%;sTM联合IL-22预测ARDS患儿预后的AUC为0.924(95%CI:0.896~0.964,P<0.001),灵敏度为90.91%,特异度为92.86%。结论ARDS患儿血浆sTM、IL-22水平随着ARDS病情严重程度升高,二者联合对预测ARDS患儿预后有重要价值。     

支气管哮喘患儿诱导痰中炎性细胞类型及炎症相关细胞因子的临床价值研究

目的探讨支气管哮喘患儿诱导痰中炎性细胞类型及炎症相关细胞因子的临床价值。方法选取支气管哮喘患儿54例(研究组)作为研究对象,根据哮喘发作期严重程度将研究组分为轻度哮喘组、中度哮喘组和重度哮喘组。另选取性别和年龄相当的支气管肺炎(不合并哮喘)患儿42例作为对照组,检测对照组和研究组治疗前、后诱导痰中炎性细胞类型、T淋巴细胞免疫球蛋白黏蛋白-3(Tim-3)mRNA,以及白细胞介素(IL)-2、IL-4、IL-10、IL-13、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)等炎症相关细胞因子水平,分析诱导痰中炎症细胞类型以及炎症相关细胞因子在儿童支气管哮喘临床诊断中的价值。结果治疗前,研究组诱导痰中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、Tim-3 mRNA、IL-4、IL-13、IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-10水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-2、IL-10及辅助性T细胞(Th)1/Th2水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。中度哮喘组和重度哮喘组患儿嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、中性粒细胞百分比、淋巴细胞百分比、Tim-3 mRNA、IL-4、IL-13、IFN-γ及IFN-γ/IL-10水平高于轻度哮喘组、对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IL-2、IL-10及Th1/Th2低于轻度哮喘组、对照组患儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,嗜酸性粒细胞比例、Tim-3 mRNA、IFN-γ、IL-10、IFN-γ/IL-10及Th1/Th2为儿童支气管哮喘的独立影响因素。受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析结果显示,嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、Tim-3 mRNA、IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-10及Th1/Th2对儿童支气管哮喘及支气管肺炎(不合并哮喘)具有一定的鉴别作用。结论支气管哮喘患儿诱导痰中嗜酸性粒细胞百分比、Tim-3 mRNA、IFN-γ、IFN-γ/IL-10及Th1/Th2的表达异常有助于疾病的病情监测、疗效评估以及与儿童支气管肺炎(不合并哮喘)的鉴别诊断。     

Bronchial asthma among adults]

Approximately 5800-6200 adult asthma patients have died yearly in 1980-1992. This number has tended to decrease over the years except 1995. In recent 3 years; 1997, 1998 and 1999, it decreased to 5589, 5065 and 5360, respectively. Males were slightly more than females among the death cases. Two-thirds of the patients were 70-80 year old. Death of young male adults in twenties notably increased in past 10 years but it decreased in recent 3 years. One third of the patients showed sudden death type occurring within 1-3 hours after onset of asthma attack. The majority of asthma attacks leading to death actually start while the patient is at home. More than half of the patients were classified into intrinsic or mixed type of asthma and also graded as severe-type asthma. The main causes of the fatal asthma attacks were respiratory infections, fatigue and stress. Fifty-two percent of them were smokers including ex-smokers. Pulmonary emphysema showed relatively high frequency as a complication.     

Efficacy of budesonide in moderate to severe asthma

BACKGROUND: The worldwide prevalence of asthma is increasing by approximately 50% per decade. Budesonide is one of several inhaled corticosteroids available for the treatment of asthma and has been extensively evaluated in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the published literature on the efficacy of budesonide in the management of adult and pediatric patients with moderate to severe asthma and compares budesonide with other inhaled corticosteroids and nonsteroidal treatment options. METHODS: All controlled, randomized studies in patients with moderate or severe asthma were considered for inclusion. Relevant studies were identified through a MEDLINE search of the period from 1980 to 2000 using the terms budesonide plus efficacy, with or without the termsfluticasone, mometasone, and beclomethasone. The manufacturer's reference database was used to identify additional publications. RESULTS: Budesonide is associated with a dose-response effect in adults and children with moderate to severe asthma. The data on budesonide are in line with the current recommendation for a high starting dose of inhaled corticosteroid (800 microg/d), followed by downward titration to the minimal effective dose. Budesonide administered by Turbuhaler (AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP, Wilmington, Del) dry-powder inhaler (DPI) was effective at a significantly lower dose than beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) administered by pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) (P = 0.009), whereas its efficacy was similar to that of BDP delivered by hydrofluoroalkane pMDI and that of fluticasone propionate administered by DPI. Inhaled budesonide therapy was shown to be oral corticosteroid sparing in patients with severe asthma, thus reducing the total corticosteroid dose and the risk of systemic side effects. Pulmicort Respules (AstraZeneca), a nebulized formulation, was effective in the treatment of moderate to severe asthma in patients aged > or =12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Once- or twice-daily administration of budesonide delivered via the Turbuhaler and Pulmicort Respules systems has been shown to be well tolerated and efficacious in populations with moderate to severe asthma.     

Coronary atherosclerosis in cases of coronary death as compared with that occurring in the populatiom. A study of a medico-legal autopsy series of coronary deaths and violent deaths.

The severity of coronary atherosclerosis at autopsy was studied in two series comprising 169 cases of coronary death and 231 people who died of violent causes. In the former the fatal attack lasted less than 24 hours from the onset of symptoms in 70% of cases. In only three men did the terminal attack last more than 24 hours, while in the remaining 28% of cases, although death was not witnessed these were also likely to have been sudden deaths. A recent infarct with or without an old myocardial infarct was found at autopsy in 47% of cases and an old infarct alone in 34%. In 19% of coronary deaths no recent or old infarct was detected. The surface areas of the atherosclerotic lesions were assessed in arterial specimens by pointcounting. The degree of stenosis was estimated visually. The mean extent of raised lesions and clacification and the median value of stenosis score, which expressed the degree of stensosi in the coronary arterial tree, were significantly higher in all age groups in persons who died of coronary heart disease than in those who died violently. A marked overlapping between the individuals in the two series was, however, found in both for the exent of raised lesions and the severity of stenosis score. Raised lesions in coronary patients were calcified to about the same extent as those in persons ten years older in the series of violent deaths. Coronary atherosclerosis was most severe in coronary patients who had had symptomatic heart disease and had an old myocardial infarct and least severe in those in whome sudden death was the first manifestation of coronary heart disease from violent deaths as regards the extent of the raised lesions or prevalence of occlusion. The degree of coronary stenosis in coronary patients was closely related to the total extent of advanced coronary atherosclerosis.     

Efficacy and tolerability of formoterol Turbuhaler in children

A randomised, double-blind trial was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of formoterol Turbuhaler in children with mild to moderate asthma. After a two-week run-in, 248 children aged 6-17 years were randomised to receive formoterol 4.5 and 9 pmicro b.i.d. or placebo for 12 weeks. Morning PEF (primary variable), was significantly improved versus placebo only in the formoterol 9 pmicro b.i.d. group (13 l/min, 95% CCI 1.9, 24.2%; p = 0 .02). Both formoterol 4.5 and 9 pmicro significantly increased the pre-bronchodilator FEV1 by 5.2-6.7% (p < 0 .05) and reduced use of daytime relief medication versus placebo (p < 0 .05). Formoterol 9 pmicro significantly reduced night-time reliever use and awakenings due to asthma versus placebo (p < 0.05). Both doses of formoterol were as well tolerated as placebo. In conclusion, formoterol 4.5 and 9 micro b.i.d. is effective and well tolerated as maintenance therapy in children with mild to moderate asthma.     

Sudden infant death. Family and socio-cultural state and psycho-affective balance

This analysis presents 400 cases of children at risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) who were followed at the Port-Royal SIDS-clinic from 1981 to 1984. The 400 cases included: 107 children seen after a severe accident ("near-miss"), 20 twins from pairs stricken by 1 SIDS and 9 twins from near-miss pairs, 264 SIDS-siblings. The following risk factors were searched for: a) low socioeconomical level, b) marital difficulties, c) psychological or psychiatric disturbances in mother and/or father, d) pathological gynecologic and/or obstetric history (sterility, gestational and/or delivery accidents), e) unwanted pregnancy, f) perinatal morbidity. In deaths from SIDS or near-miss infants, 34% cumulated 2 factors, 26% 3 factors, 8% 4 factors; only 2% had no known factor. In addition, a few deaths or severe accidents occurred within a short delay after a travel or a change in daycare; the role of these coincidences should be studied; meanwhile, the authors emphasize the need for a special attention to the quality of the child's environment, as a basic factor for a harmonious development.     

2011年浙江省手足口病流行特征分析

目的 分析浙江省手足口病的流行特征,探讨疫情变化规律。 方法 对浙江省2010-2011年疾病监测信息报告管理系统中上报的手足口病疫情资料进行描述性流行病学分析。 结果 2010-2011年全省共报告手足口病200 641例,其中重症1248例,死亡61例,年均报告发病率为188.88/10万,病死率为0.03%,4-7月报告病例占全年总数的62.26%。报告的病例中5岁儿童占94.6%,3岁儿童占79.23%。重症病例中3岁儿童占80.12%,死亡病例中3岁儿童占84.48%,重症和死亡病例的年龄中位数分别为1.99岁和1.52岁。全省共报告实验室检测病例12 295例,普通病例中肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(Cox A16)和其他肠道病毒核酸阳性分别占51.60%、28.49%和19.91%。重症病例和死亡病例中EV71核酸阳性的比例分别为85.53%和96.08%。 结论 手足口病全年均可发生,有明显季节性高峰和地区差异;3岁散居儿童是手足口病防控的重点人群;浙江省流行的手足口病主要由EV71和Cox A16引起,优势病原的转化影响疫情流行趋势和严重程度。     

家族特应性聚集与儿童哮喘表型关系的研究

目的研究家族特应性聚集与儿童哮喘表型的关系。方法对2007年4月至2008年5月本院呼吸专科就诊的216例哮喘患儿进行问卷调查及临床检查，并根据有无家族特应性疾病史分为家族特应性（A组）和无家族特应性（B组）两组，比较两组哮喘患儿特应性疾病的患病率、哮喘严重程度及血清总IgE（TIgE）、户尘螨特异性IgE（DlIgE）水平。结果A组哮喘患儿特应性患病率为81．15％，与B组45．74％比较，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；A组哮喘患儿，TIgE为（768．40±524．26）IU／mL，与B组患儿TIgE（597．16±565．38）IU／mL相比较，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；A组哮喘患儿DlIgE为（62．35±51．14）kua／L，与B组患儿D1IgE（59．43±60．77）kua／L相比较，无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；A组哮喘患儿重度哮喘患病率为10．66％，与B组的重度哮喘患病率3．19％比较，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；A组哮喘患儿中度哮喘患病率为30．33％，与B组的中度哮喘患病率12．77％比较，有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；两组患儿间歇发作、轻度哮喘患病率分别比较，无显著性差异（P均〉0．05）。重度哮喘患儿TIgE（1326．04±635．48）IU／mL，与非重度哮喘患儿TIgE（650．05±539．10）IU／mL相比较，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论家族特应性聚集与患儿哮喘表型之间有一定的关系，有家族特应性聚集的哮喘息儿易患特应性疾病，病情较严重，TIgE水平更高。     

Epidemiology of acute pancreatitis--incidence by etiology, relapse rate, cause of death and long-term prognosis

The epidemiology of acute pancreatitis is reported with reference to its incidence by etiology, relapse rate, cause of death and long-term prognosis. According to the national investigation about its epidemiology in 1999, the speculated number of patients was 19,500 in 1998. In 1,688 patients reported in the study, there were 1,051 males and 565 females (1.9:1), and 54.8% of them were of mild type, 19.9% of moderate type and 25.3% of severe type. The incidence peaked in their fifties in males and seventies in females. The three most common causes of acute pancreatitis were alcohol consumption, gallstone and idiopathic disease. The relapse rate of severe acute pancreatitis was 12.5%, and 70% of them relapsed only once. The mortality of severe type due to pancreatitis-related causes was organ failures in 73 % within 2 weeks after its attack, and infectious diseases due to pancreatic infection in 33.3 % after more than three months from its attack.     

HRCT测量支气管哮喘的气道壁厚度与其病情严重度及肺功能的相关性研究

目的高分辨率CT(HRCT)测量不同程度的支气管哮喘患者支气管管壁厚度,并评估与病情严重度和肺功能损害的相关性。方法用HRCT扫描支气管哮喘患者35例,其中轻度13例、中度12例、重度10例。正常对照组20例。测量支气管壁横截面的气道壁的外径D和内径L,通过公式计算出支气管管壁厚度与外径比值(T/D)、气道壁面积占气道总截面积百分比(WA%)。计算观察指标与病情严重度及肺功能的相关性。结果支气管哮喘患者与正常组的T/D、WA%之间均有显著差异(P<0.01)。重度、中度支气管哮喘患者较轻度患者的T/D、WA%明显增加(P<0.01)。T/D、WA%与病情严重度呈正相关(P<0.01),WA%与FEV1呈负相关性(P<0.01)。结论重度、中度支气管哮喘患者较轻度及正常对照组的支气管壁明显增厚,且增厚程度与病情严重度及气道阻塞有关。     

哮喘肥胖患儿血清脂联素水平变化及其临床意义研究

目的探讨哮喘肥胖患儿血清脂联素水平的变化及其临床意义。方法 2014年1月至2015年12月,以120例确诊的哮喘急性发作期肥胖患儿为研究对象(哮喘组),并根据病情将患儿分为轻度亚组、中度亚组和危重度亚组。于患儿入院当天和出院当天检测血清脂联素、总氧化态(TOS)、总抗氧化态(TAS)和氧化应激指数(OSI)水平。以非哮喘肥胖儿童为对照组。结果哮喘组患儿出院时TOS、OSI水平较入院时明显下降(P0.05)。哮喘组患儿入院时脂联素水平低于对照组(P0.05),出院时脂联素水平较入院时明显上升(P0.05)。危重度亚组患儿TOS水平明显高于轻度亚组患儿(P0.05),脂联素水平则明显低于轻度亚组患儿(P0.05)。以患儿入院时血清脂联素水平2.3mg/L作为cut-off值,则脂联素诊断肥胖患儿哮喘急性发作期的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.799(95%置信区间:0.699~0.878),灵敏度为85.6%,特异度为80.4%。脂联素与哮喘急性发作和严重程度分级呈负相关,与TOS、OSI亦呈负相关(P0.05)。OSI16.1U和脂联素水平2.3mg/L是哮喘急性发作的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论脂联素通过调控氧化应激水平参与肥胖患儿哮喘急性发作的病理学发病机制。脂联素可作为肥胖患儿哮喘急性发作的潜在标记物。