56例肺曲霉病危险因素及临床特征分析

目的探讨侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)危险因素和临床特征,提高诊治水平。方法回顾性分析新疆医科大学第一附属医院2010年1月至2016年1月诊断为肺曲霉病患者的临床资料,分析IPA发生的高危因素、临床特点。结果 56例肺曲霉病患者中,24例为IPA,发生率42.86%。使用两种以上抗生素、慢阻肺、有创机械通气、多次痰培养曲霉阳性、重症肺炎为IPA高危因素,其中使用两种以上抗生素为独立危险因素。IPA患者易出现咯血,发热症状;肺部高分辨CT表现为多发、斑片样渗出、胸腔积液较多;IPA总体预后差。结论侵袭性肺曲霉病危险因素多,预后差,使用两种以上抗生素为IPA独立危险因素。     

肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特点及危险因素分析

目的探讨肝衰竭合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)患者的临床特点和危险因素,为临床诊治提供参考。方法收集2010年1月-2014年12月河南省人民医院诊治的肝衰竭患者447例,回顾性分析其中合并IPA患者的临床特征、实验室指标及影像学检查结果。另随机选取同期住院且年龄相近未合并肺部感染的肝衰竭患者49例作为对照。计量资料组间比较采用独立样本t检验;计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验或Fisher's精确概率法。采用多因素Logistic回归分析肝衰竭合并IPA的危险因素。结果 447例肝衰竭患者发生IPA 43例(9.6%)。年龄(P=0.023)、合并肝性脑病(P=0.021)、长期广谱抗菌药物使用(P=0.007)、激素的应用(P=0.016)和深静脉置管(P0.001)是IPA发生的独立危险因素。肝衰竭合并IPA患者的临床表现缺乏特异性,肺部CT改变以双肺多发结节、肿块影和近胸膜楔形实变较常见,典型的晕轮征和空气新月征较少见。35例接受抗真菌治疗的患者中30例好转或治愈,3例死于消化道出血,2例死于肺部感染,其余未接受治疗的患者全部死亡。结论肝衰竭患者存在诸多发生IPA的危险因素,且临床表现不典型,发病率和病死率高;早发现、早治疗是提高生存率的关键。     

重症监护病房内非粒细胞缺乏患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病38例临床特征及预后分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨重症监护病房(ICU)内非粒细胞缺乏(非粒缺)患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特征及预后因素。方法回顾性收集2017年2月至2019年2月中日友好医院呼吸与危重症医学科四部(MICU)非粒缺合并IPA患者的临床资料,分析其临床特征和预后因素。结果该研究共纳入38例非粒缺IPA患者。主要临床表现有难治性发热和退热48 h后再发热。影像学方面最常见CT征象的为斑片影和实变,晕征和空气新月征相对少见。气管镜下以支气管黏膜充血、水肿,痰液粘稠多见。痰培养和肺泡灌洗液GM试验的阳性率为分别47.4%、52.9%。此外,有22例患者合并流感病毒感染。预后方面19例好转出院,10例死亡,9例因放弃治疗预后不佳。存活组和死亡组之间在BMI、合并冠心病比率、影像学出现空洞的比率、有创通气支持率、血管活性药物使用率方面存在统计学差异。结论ICU内非粒缺IPA患者的临床表现、影像学均缺乏特异性,当出现反复发热、肺部渗出影、常规抗感染治疗无效时需警惕IPA可能,尤其在合并重症流感时。BMI偏低、合并冠心病、肺部影像出现空洞、需要机械通气和血管活性药物治疗的患者预后不佳。     

侵袭性肺曲霉病49例临床分析

目的 通过分析侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)病例,提高IPA临床诊治水平.方法 回顾性分析49例IPA患者的人口学资料、宿主因素、基础疾病、胸部CT表现、微生物检验、组织病理学检查、治疗和转归.结果 49例IPA患者确诊19例(38.8%),临床诊断30例(61.2%).3例(6.1%)无宿主因素,与1PA相关的宿主因素和基础疾病25例(51.0%),关系不肯定的基础疾病2l例(42.9%).胸部CT表现:结节29例次,斑片影15例次,团块12例次,实变10例次,空洞34例次,晕征19例次,支气管充气征18例次,新月征6例次,双肺影33例次,多发病灶38例次.痰真菌培养阳性率为26.5%(13/49),支气管肺泡灌洗液真菌培养阳性率为66.7%(10/15),曲霉半乳甘露聚糖试验阳性率为30.6%(11/36),肺组织病理检查阳性率为90.5%(19/21).烟曲霉为主要病原菌81.0%(17/21).抗真菌药物初始治疗有效率为50%(21/42).结论 IPA患者胸部影像学表现以双肺、多发、结节影、空洞为主,晕征、新月征少见.侵袭性诊断技术具有较好的诊断价值.     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的临床特点

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的发病率呈逐年上升趋势,而糖皮质激素的应用、广谱抗生素治疗、高龄、低蛋白血症、贫血、糖尿病、支气管扩张等基础病及机械通气的使用均是该病的危险因素。而COPD合并IPA临床表现及影像学改变均缺乏特异性,因此就需要呼吸科医师对该病有充分的认识,在治疗过程中观察患者症状、体征变化,及时送痰培养、行肺部CT检查等,尽早做出临床诊断或拟诊,及早开始抗真菌治疗才是改善患者预后的关键,降低病死率。     

非粒细胞缺乏患者侵袭性肺曲霉菌病9例临床分析

目的探讨非粒细胞缺乏患者侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床表现、诊断和治疗特点。方法回顾性分析我院2009年3月至2010年8月收治的9例IPA的基础疾病、危险因素、临床表现、实验室及影像学特征、治疗和预后情况。结果 9例IPA患者确诊2例,临床诊断7例。2例患者无特殊病史,其余7例均有基础疾病。主要症状为发热、咳嗽、咯痰、咯血、胸闷和气喘。痰培养6例查见曲霉菌。G试验及GM试验阳性5例。2例支气管镜检查病理形态学及特殊染色结果符合曲霉菌感染。影像学表现呈多样性。9例患者均接受抗真菌药物治疗,其中8例随诊,失访1例。5例选用伏立康唑初始治疗;3例初始治疗分别为伊曲康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净,治疗效果欠佳,换用伏立康唑仍有良好疗效。结论非粒细胞缺乏IPA患者临床表现缺乏特异性,早期诊断和尽早应用抗曲霉菌药可降低病死率。     

原发性肺淋巴瘤22例临床与病理学相关特征分析

目的探讨并分析原发性肺淋巴瘤患者临床表现、病理学特征。方法回顾经病理组织诊断为原发性肺淋巴瘤的患者22例相关资料,分析其临床表现、影像学表现、病理检查结果以及随访相关资料。结果 22例原发性肺淋巴瘤患者临床表现主要为:20例咳嗽(90.91%)、18例(81.82%)发热、15例(68.18%)胸部疼痛、12例(54.55%)体重减轻;CT影像学表现主要为实变影、肿块影、结节影;病理检查可见B淋巴细胞大量浸润,B淋巴细胞相关抗原阳性表达;大部分患者预后较好,少数患者预后较差。结论原发性肺淋巴瘤临床表现以及影像学表现无特异性,其诊断主要依靠病理检查,T细胞淋巴瘤患者恶性程度高,预后差,其余患者预后较好。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并侵袭性肺曲霉病病例报告并文献回顾

目的:结合文献总结慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)合并侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)患者的临床特征,提高早期诊治水平。方法:对1例经支气管镜肺活检确诊的重度COPD合并IPA患者的临床资料进行分析,并回顾复习有关文献。结果:COPD合并IPA患者严重呼吸困难多见。本例患者胸部CT可见中央型支气管扩张、小结节影、不典型渗出影,血清半乳甘露聚糖抗原检测(GM试验)及1.3-β-D葡聚糖检测(G试验)阳性。经支气管镜肺活检病理学检查见曲菌丝及炎症细胞浸润。结论:COPD合并IPA诊断困难,病死率高,综合分析临床表现、影像学、微生物学及血清学检查结果是提高诊断率、改善预后的有效手段。若临床情况允许,应尽早进行支气管镜等有创检查确定诊断。     

原发性脑干出血内科保守治疗预后评估的临床研究

目的研究原发性脑干出血内科保守治疗的疗效及预后评估。方法回顾性分析50例经CT或MRI检查诊断脑干出血的临床和影像学资料。结果首次CT检查诊断脑干出血46例，余4例经MRI检查明确诊断。临床内科治疗治愈14例，好转16例，死亡15例。结论脑干出血的预后与多种因素有关，死亡率与出血量密切相关。同时临床表现和并发症是脑干出血死亡的危险因素，应积极预防和治疗。     

侵袭性肺曲霉病的临床特点及其危险因素分析

目的探讨侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)的临床特点并分析其危险因素,为早期发现IPA提供临床依据。方法回顾性分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院在2014年8月至2017年8月出院诊断80例IPA患者(包括确诊20例)作为感染组,按1:1配对原则,选取同期同病区并有发热和/或伴呼吸道症状的非IPA患者80例作为对照组。比较两组的临床症状和体征、胸部CT表现、相关实验室检查结果和基础疾病,应用单因素、多因素条件Logistic回归分析,找出IPA感染发生的危险因素。结果两组均可出现发热、咳嗽和肺湿啰音等症状和体征,IPA患者胸部CT可有曲霉球、空洞、新月征和晕轮征等相对特异性表现,且易合并糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺疾病。广谱抗生素应用、长期及大剂量糖皮质激素应用、低蛋白血症、免疫抑制剂应用、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、糖尿病、多次住院、粒细胞缺乏是侵袭性肺曲霉病的危险因素(P0.05);多因素条件Logistic回归分析显示长期应用糖皮质激素、多次住院、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病和粒细胞缺乏是IPA的独立危险因素(P0.05)。结论接受长期糖皮质激素治疗及多次住院、合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、粒细胞缺乏患者是IPA感染的独立危险因素,应引起临床重视。     

侵袭性肺曲霉菌病8例临床分析

目的总结侵袭性肺曲霉菌病(IPA)的临床特点,以利早期诊断。方法回顾性分析2006年4月至2006年12月解放军总医院呼吸科确诊的8例IPA患者的临床资料。结果本组病例全部经病理诊断为IPA。6/8的患者出现发热症状;1/2的患者具有"新月征"、"气环征"的CT表现;7/8的患者有病灶内空洞或空腔形成;1/2患者痰培养曲霉菌阳性,1/4的患者在病理诊断前痰培养阳性;本组入院前初次诊断正确率为0;本组1例系统性曲霉菌病患者死亡,7例经治疗好转出院。结论IPA的临床症状缺乏特异性,早期具有典型CT表现者较少,痰培养曲霉菌阳性率低,这些原因容易造成早期误诊。因此应关注有基础疾病的患者,对于新发肺部阴影者警惕IPA的可能,对可以耐受经皮肺穿刺或气管镜者,通过尽早病理检查等措施可提高早期诊断率。     

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in acute leukemia. The contribution of CT to early diagnosis and aggressive management

Over 80 percent of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) undergoing intensive antileukemic chemotherapy in a recent two-year period survived the pulmonary infection as a result of early diagnosis and aggressive therapy with high-dose amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine. CT played an important role in establishing the early diagnosis of IPA and affected management. Since our original communication describing the CT findings of IPA, we have added ten new cases, each subsequently substantiated by lung biopsy (two), autopsy (two), and/or positive cultures of sputum or extrapulmonary sites (seven). The CT halo sign, or zone of lower attenuation surrounding a pulmonary mass, was present in eight of nine patients with early CT scans obtained during bone marrow aplasia. Characteristic CT progression from multiple fluffy masses to cavitation or air crescent formation suggested IPA in five of seven patients with serial CT scans. CT directly affected patient management in seven of ten cases. Scan findings were one criterion for increasing to high-dose amphotericin B or for adding 5-fluorocytosine. CT characteristics of healing IPA lesions were similar to resolving pulmonary infarcts and were used to monitor disease activity in patients on long-term amphotericin B and prior to retreatment chemotherapy.     

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in solid organ transplant recipients

To discuss diagnosis, risk factors, clinical and radiologic manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) that is accepted as an important mortality factor in organ transplant recipients. We retrospectively evaluated seven IPA cases who were diagnosed among 207 patients that had undergone organ transplantation surgery in our center between 1998-2001. Of seven patients, four was renal and three was liver recipients. Diagnosis was made histopathologically (three post-mortem, one transbronchial lung biopsy) in four patients while culture positivity (sputum and tracheal aspiration material) with clinical and radiological evaluation was the diagnostic criteria for three patients. The most common respiratory symptoms were fever, productive cough and dyspnea. The most common fiberoptic bronchoscopic findings were mucosal fragility, hemorrhage. In one patient plaque formation was found. One liver recipients had been on hemodialysis because of renal insufficiency (serum creatine was 2.6 mg/dL). All liver and kidney recipients had allograft failure. One liver and two kidney recipients had neutropenia, two liver and one kidney recipients had thrombocytopenia. Six patients had received amphotericin-B and/or itraconazole therapy. Four of the five exitus were receiving antifungal treatment. Three of them were lost in a short time while only one non-survivor had received itraconazole for three weeks. The most frequent CT findings were patchy infiltrations and nodule formation with or without cavitation. Five patients were lost in two months (mortality, 71.4 %), two survivors are under follow up. These findings showed, IPA should be thought in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary infections after organ transplantation.     

Computed tomographic scan of the chest, latex agglutination test and plasma (1AE3)-beta-D-glucan assay in early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis: a prospective study of 215 patients

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blood and radiologic tests are frequently used for diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, but it remains unknown which is more useful for its early diagnosis. Aim of the study was to compare usefulness of computed tomographic (CT) scan of chest, latex agglutination (LA) test and determination of plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (BDG) levels for early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). DESIGN AND METHODS: We treated 215 consecutive patients who underwent cytotoxic chemotherapy. From initiation of chemotherapy until death or discharge, blood samples were taken weekly and subjected to LA and BDG tests. We performed chest CT scans when patients had any signs of pulmonary infection or an antibiotic-resistant fever. RESULTS: Of the 215 patients, 30 (14. 0%) were diagnosed as having IPA. In sixteen cases the diagnosis was definite and in 14 it was suspected. In patient-based analysis, sensitivities of LA and BDG were 44% and 63%, respectively. Sensitivity tended to be lower in patients with IPA localized to the lung than those with disseminated invasive aspergillosis. Specificities were 93% and 74%, respectively. Either a halo or an air-crescent was observed in 7 of the 16 patients with IPA, and all of the IPA patients showed some abnormal signs on chest CT scans. On average, CT scan signs preceded a positive LA test by 7.1 days and a positive BDG assay by 11.5 days. In 6 of the 11 patients who became positive for either LA or BDG assay, CT scan signs preceded the positive results by more than seven days. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT scan is more beneficial than the blood tests and X-ray for early diagnosis of IPA.     

高分辨CT、胸部平片及病理学诊断肺磨玻璃结节临床分析

目的分析高分辨CT与胸部平片联合用于肺磨玻璃结节鉴别诊断的价值,以提高肺磨玻璃结节早期检出率,为临床合理治疗提供影像学依据。 方法选择2018年1月至2019年12月经手术病理结果或穿刺活检证实860例肺磨玻璃结节患者作为分析对象,全部患者在术前均接受胸部平片检查与高分辨CT检查,且均经高分辨率CT与胸部平片发现有肺部结节征象;记录手术病理及穿刺活检结果;观察患者胸部平片与高分辨CT检查主要征象,分析各检查方法单独及联合用于肺磨玻璃结节鉴别诊断的价值。 结果860例患者中经证实恶性385例,其中289例经手术病理确诊,96例经穿刺活检明确,包括原位腺癌135例,微浸润腺癌155例,浸润性腺癌72例,其他23例,恶性率为44.8%;860例肺磨玻璃结节患者经胸部平片检查结果显示,肺结节直径范围为1.0～3.0 cm;肺结节的分布：326例左肺,534例右肺;经高分辨CT检查结果显示,良恶性病变肺磨玻璃结节病灶大小比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),恶性结节表现出不规则形、毛刺征、分叶征、界面清楚光整、空泡征、支气管征等征象占比均高于良性组(P<0.05);胸部平片、高分辨CT单独及联合诊断肺磨玻璃结节的曲线下面积分别为0.847、0.876、0.940,均>0.8,诊断价值好,且联合诊断的曲线下面积最大。 结论胸部平片与高分辨CT联合检测,并结合病理学对提高肺磨玻璃结节早期良性病变及恶性肿瘤进行鉴别诊断的正确率有重要价值。     

支气管哮喘合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病5例并文献复习

目的 提高对支气管哮喘患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病的诊断及治疗.方法 分析2010年1月至2011年5月在我院呼吸科住院的5例支气管哮喘并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病患者的病例资料,同时结合相关文献进行复习.结果 5例患者确诊2例,临床诊断3例.痰培养4例查见曲霉菌,2例支气管镜检查病理形态学及特殊染色结果符合曲霉菌感染.影像学表现呈多样性.5例患者均接受伏立康唑治疗,其中2例死亡.结论 支气管哮喘患者合并侵袭性肺曲霉菌病临床表现缺乏特异性.早期诊断和尽早抗曲霉菌治疗可降低死亡率.     

COPD合并侵袭性肺曲霉病5例并文献复习

目的 分析重症COPD合并侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)患者临床特征,提高对COPD合并IPA的认识.方法 过从2015年6月至2016年3月西京医院呼吸与危重症科诊断的5例COPD合并IPA患者的资料进行回顾性分析及文献复习.结果 5例COPD合并IPA患者中确诊3例,临床诊断2例.在入住RICU前5例使用广谱抗生素,4例使用大量激素.5例均表现为气道显著痉挛,4例使用无创机械通气后有2例转为有创机械通气,2例自动出院.胸部CT早期无特殊表现,病情进展出现沿支气管周围渗出病变以及实变,病变多发.支气管镜下可见气道黏膜水肿、充血、溃烂、伪膜形成,痰液黏稠.病情进展迅速,病死率高.结论 COPD合并IPA容易误诊,病情进展快,病死率高,需充分认识其临床特点以提高诊断率及降低死亡风险.     

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematologic malignancies: survival and prognostic factors

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Despite improvements made in its early diagnosis and effective treatment, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) remains a devastating opportunistic infection. In this retrospective study we have reviewed all consecutive cases of IPA diagnosed in adult patients with hematologic malignancies in our center from 1995 to 2000 to determine survival and prognostic factors. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-one patients were included in the study. Ante-mortem classification of cases of IPA were: 4 definite, 10 highly probable, 19 probable and 8 possible cases; all these last eight patients were later upgraded to definite IPA at post-mortem examination. Clinical charts were reviewed and factors possibly affecting the outcome of IPA were analyzed. RESULTS: All but two patients received chemotherapy and/or immunosuppresive therapy before the onset of IPA (conventional chemotherapy = 24, allogeneic stem cell transplantation [SCT] = 12, autologous SCT = 3). At IPA diagnosis 28 patients were neutropenic (< 0.5 x 10(9)/L) for a median of 25 days (range 7-135), and 10 allogeneic SCT patients were receiving corticosteroids for graft-versus-host-disease. All but two patients received antifungal treatment for IPA. The median delay from diagnosis to start of therapy was two days (range 0-20). The median follow-up after the first symptom or sign of IPA was 42 days with a maximum follow-up of 61 months. The actuarial 4-month infection-free survival was 40% (95% CI 25% to 55%). Thirty-three patients died during follow-up and IPA was implicated in the patients' death in 24 cases (75%). In multivariate analysis prolonged survival was associated with recovery of neutropenia during treatment (p = 0.001) and not having received an allogeneic SCT (p = 0.003). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Despite prompt initiation of antifungal therapy, survival of patients with a hematologic malignancy and IPA is currently low. Perhaps the introduction of more sensitive diagnostic methods will allow the onset of intensive therapy prior to the appearance of more advanced clinical symptoms and/or radiological signs, and the time will come to test whether earlier and more intensive therapy will improve survival.     

肝肺综合征22例临床表现及CT特征分析

目的 探讨肝肺综合征(HPS)的CT表现并结合临床分析其误诊原因.方法 收集1996年11月至2008年11月北京协和医院22例HPS患者,对其CT表现、临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 22例患者中男12例,女10例,平均年龄(44±17)岁,平均病程(54±52)个月.22例患者均行胸部CT扫描,其中10例肺血管束远端分支明显增粗、增多,表现为胸膜下小结节、网格状或片状影;3例仅见双肺基底部段及亚段肺动脉分支增粗;1例表现为中心肺动脉增粗,1例为右心窒增大,1例双侧胸腔积液;6例末见异常.19例患者行螺旋CT肺动脉造影(CTPA)三维重建和肺动脉造影(PAA),其中4例肺内血管异常扩张,15例未见异常.同时可见弥漫性肝病12例,其中10例呈肝硬化表现,2例肝脏弥漫增大;食管静脉曲张和(或)胃底静脉曲张12例、脾大6例,腹水3例.结论 CT异常影像改变和临床表现相结合,更有利于HPS的诊断.对HPS临床表现及影像特点的了解,有助于减少漏诊、误诊率.