PWM逆变器三种混沌频率调制功率谱分析

为了分析混沌载波频率逆变器在脉宽调制(PWM)方式下输出线电压功率频谱密度(PSD),经过适当简化,提出了一种PSD的理论计算公式。以正弦、空间矢量和最小开关损耗3种PWM方式为例,利用Matlab计算,并对比实验结果,验证所提PSD计算方法的正确性。计算结果表明,随着载波频率变化范围增大,PSD扩展得越宽,谐波功率峰值下降得越低。当载波频率窄范围变化时,不同PWM方式下PSD集中在整数倍期望载波频率附近并保留了各自恒定载波频率调制时输出电压频谱特点,与实验结果良好符合:当载波频率宽范围变化时,PSD分布趋于一致,但理论计算与实际测量存在较大误差。     

基于载波的五相永磁容错电机SVPWM算法

为避免五相永磁容错电机空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)推导及实现的复杂性,分析基于载波的脉宽调制(CPWM)和SVPWM算法的原理,研究SVPWM算法中两种不同零电压矢量作用时间的分配机制,提出一种零序电压谐波注入策略,实现等效于SVPWM的CPWM算法。该零序电压谐波由每个PWM周期内电机最大和最小相电压构成。理论分析表明该算法与传统SVPWM等效且实现简单。仿真和实验结果表明该算法达到了SVPWM的控制效果。     

混沌载波频率调制在双级矩阵变换器中的应用

拥有整流级和逆变级两部分的双级矩阵变换器(Two Stage Matrix Converter,TSMC)的输出电压含有高峰值离散谐波。为了削减在载波频率及其整数倍频率附近的谐波峰值,并且抑制谐波产生的电磁干扰(Electro Magnetic Interference,EMI)问题,本文首次将混沌载波频率调制技术(Chaotic Carrier Frequency Modulation Technique,CCFMT)应用于TSMC中。CCFMT通过使载波频率按照混沌方式变化,让单一频率处的谐波得到拓展,从而达到削减谐波幅值,满足电磁兼容(Electro Magnetic Compatibility,EMC)的要求。为了减少换流次数,提高TSMC的换流可靠性,本文中TSMC的整流级和逆变级选取了适当的调制函数和载波形状。通过TSMC的实验平台证明,本文所提出的CCFMT能够完成削减输出电压谐波峰值,抑制EMI问题。     

混沌PWM逆变器输出电压功率谱密度分析

逆变器采用混沌PWM(pulse width modulation)调制能够有效抑制开关频率及其倍频附近的高次谐波幅值,从而大大减少逆变器驱动电机的电磁干扰。该文对混沌PWM逆变器输出电压的功率谱密度进行了分析,经过合理简化得到了混沌信号概率密度函数与逆变器输出电压功率谱密度之间的关系。根据功率谱密度的表达式,对比分析了概率分布不同的两种混沌序列(Logistic和Chua’s)对逆变器输出电压功率谱密度的影响。实验结果表明,采用混沌PWM调制可以有效抑制逆变器输出电压的高次谐波幅值,并且概率分布不同的2种混沌信号对PWM逆变器输出频谱的影响差别不大。     

单相五电平逆变器的多载波PWM方法分析

针对单相五电平级联逆变器,对不同的多载波PWM方法进行分析。采用载波移相(PS)PWM方式时,其输出波形中含有幅值较大的高次谐波,而载波垂直分布(CD)PWM方式不存在这些问题,但是CDPWM调制方式的低次谐波比较大。与CDPWM调制方式相比,采用PSPWM调制方式所产生的低次谐波分量非常小。结合2种PWM调制方式各自的优点,提出一种混合多载波PWM方法。通过对典型的五电平PWM单相逆变电路的Matlab仿真计算,证明了混合多载波PWM法输出波形中的高次谐波含量小,低次谐波分量介于PSPWM调制方式和CDPWM调制方式之间,总的谐波畸变率最小。因此,对于单相的五电平逆变器而言,混合调制方式为最优。     

基于多涡卷混沌吸引子的电力电子变换器混沌PWM控制研究

基于多涡卷混沌吸引子,提出了一种新型混沌PWM控制方法抑制电力电子变换器电磁干扰。该方法将多涡卷混沌吸引子与传统混沌PWM控制结合,应用于电力电子变换器的控制中,实现从电磁干扰源头上抑制传导电磁干扰。对比传统混沌PWM控制,该方法能够在降低开关频率及其倍数次谐波峰值的同时,减少开关频率及其倍数次附近次谐波的生成,具有更好的EMI抑制效果。     

基于载波移相大功率并联逆变器输出谐波分析

以超导托卡马克核聚变实验装置(EAST)中的快控电源为背景,研究分析了采用载波移相PWM技术实现逆变器并联输出的系统设计方案,并利用双重傅里叶变换对逆变器并联输出谐波进行分析,建立其数学模型。仿真和实验表明,采用载波移相PWM技术实现逆变器并联输出可以消除低次谐波,提高等效开关频率,对实现电源系统大电流输出与快速响应具有良好效果。     

基于混沌PWM的SRM谐波频谱展开研究

开关磁阻电动机(SRM)固有的开关特性使得SRM在运行时会产生大量的电压谐波,而电压谐波会导致SRM的机械振动和噪声问题,阻碍了SRM进一步的应用。为了减小电压谐波的影响,将混沌PWM技术应用于SRM电压谐波频谱的展开。电压谐波频谱的展开可以将谐波分布在较宽的频率范围之内,从而可以降低局部谐波的幅值。通过MATLAB/Simulink仿真和谐波展开因子(HSF),总谐波失真(THD)的计算,验证了混沌PWM能够提高SRM的谐波频谱展开能力,它对于降低SRM的噪声和振动是非常有利的。     

PWM整流器参数对永磁同步发电机电流谐波的影响

永磁同步发电机(PMSG)与PWM整流器构成的永磁可控发电系统在新能源发电和电力驱动领域应用日益广泛,但与直接并网运行发电机相比,定子电流含有大量高次谐波分量。本文建立了SPWM(正弦脉宽调制)和SVPWM(空间矢量脉宽调制)两种调制策略下永磁发电机定子电压谐波模型,对不同调制比和载波频率下发电机定子电流谐波进行了详细的解析计算和分析,得到了谐波电流随调制比和载波频率的变化规律,仿真结果验证了结论的正确性。     

三相电流型多电平整流器的频域特性

基于双重傅里叶变换方法,对多模块并联的三相电流型多电平整流器在频率域的一些工作特性定量地进行了数学分析。文中主要研究了采用载波相移SPWM技术时,三相电流型多电平整流器交流侧电流的谐波特性和直流侧电压的谐波特性。研究结果表明,采用载波相移SPWM技术时,该整流器不仅在交流侧可以获得等效高频载波的多电平PWM电流波形,而且其直流侧电压中不包含低次谐波,最低次边带谐波群发生在N(N为整流器的并联模块数)倍载波频率处。最后,本文将频域分析结果应用于该整流器的参数设计,提出了一种简单、通用的分流电感参数的设计方法。仿真和实验结果对本文的理论分析进行了验证。     

基于R_d阻尼型LCLLC滤波器的永磁同步发电机绕组谐波抑制

在永磁风力发电系统中,为了减轻机侧变流器产生的脉宽调制(PWM)高频脉冲波对定子绕组的绝缘损害,降低谐波电流造成的发电机损耗,在分析传统PI控制策略的基础上,提出了一种新的策略。将谐振控制器与二自由度(2DOF)PID控制器相结合,设计谐振二自由度PID(R-2DOF PID)控制器,并通过粒子群(PSO)算法优化控制器参数,获得较强的电流跟踪能力、稳定的控制和良好的谐波电流抑制效果。同时,在机侧变流器端设计Rd阻尼型(滤波器电容支路串联电阻)LCLLC滤波器衰减PWM高频脉冲中的高次谐波,与传统PI控制结合Rd阻尼型LCL滤波器的谐波抑制策略相比,提出的控制器不仅能抑制电流谐波,实现电流环的无差拍控制,而且能减小外界扰动带来的影响,增强控制器的动态稳定性。使用MATLAB/Simulink对永磁同步发电机进行仿真试验,仿真结果表明,LCLLC滤波器对于滤除PWM高频脉冲的谐波成分效果较好,R-2DOF PID控制器可对周期信号进行无误差跟踪,达到抑制谐波的目的。     

基于小波分析的优化PWM逆变系统控制

主要研究了变频调速过程中电机谐波和发热的难点问题。为此提出了采用小波分析实现谐波电压和电流的在线反馈跟踪,以获得谐波分量最小的优化控制方式。通过优化组合PWM逆变控制技术,使逆变器在整个输出频率范围内,保持电机谐波和发热最小的最佳工作状态。这种依据小波变换原理对IPM逆变输出电压进行采样,用DSP芯片软件完成小波计算测试谐波,适时性强,分辩率高,基波幅值误差小(误差精度小于5%),因而成功地解决了变频调速过程中PWM控制的谐波和电机发热问题。经实验测试,电机发热减少了35%,节能效率高,技术新颖,实用性强,为最终消除谐波实现闭环的PWM在线控制提供了一种新的设计思想。     

多绕组变压器 变流器结构中高频谐波分析与抑制

多绕组变压器+变流器结构是高电压、大容量电力电子装置的典型结构之一。在变流器采用PWM全控型器件时,会产生与开关频率相关的高频谐波。以单相拓扑为例,对该结构下的高频谐波特性进行了分析;在考虑多绕组变压器的情况下,得出高频谐波传输等效模型;得到了通过载波移相消除高频谐波的理论依据,并给出了具体移相规律。试验结果表明,当采用正确的载波移相方式后,变压器原边电流波形改善明显。文章的结论可以推广到三相系统中。     

直流配电网中MMC的谐波分析与调制方法设计

将模块化多电平换流器（modular multilevel converter, MMC）应用于中低压直流配电网时,由于子模块数较少,输出电压低次谐波含量大,电流畸变程度较高,因此为直流配电网中的MMC设计合适的调制方法显得尤为重要。在分析MMC已有的最近电平逼近调制（nearest level modulation, NLM）与载波移相脉冲宽度调制（carrier phase shifting pulse width modulation, CPS-PWM）原理及谐波特点的基础上,提出了基于最近电平逼近的脉冲宽度调制（NL-PWM）方法,并推导了其谐波的解析表达式,给出了MMC调制的设计方法。所提出的NL-PWM方法谐波特性更好,并且均压简单,通用性好,易于与NLM方法相互转换,使MMC可根据实际需求方便地选择输出PWM波或阶梯波。对于中低压MMC,增加模块数和引入PWM波调制均可达到同样的谐波改善效果,文章的谐波分析结果为MMC的调制方法设计提供了理论依据,并引入新的谐波指标,即纯电感负载时电流总谐波畸变率,衡量2种方案的谐波大小。最后给出了6 kV MMC的设计算例,并通过仿真验证了所提出NL-PWM方法的可行性,以及其谐波分析结果的正确性。     

A method of reducing harmonic components in a large‐scale inverter

The low harmonic component elimination method, a method of PWM control, is effective for miniaturizing filters, or for decreasing losses by lowering the switching frequency. However, this method is only applicable to specific uses such as static var generators, because it can only read a switching angle decided beforehand from memory and can only control the fundamental wave. In this paper a PWM method to control low harmonic components is proposed. The proposed method uses a curved triangular wave that was developed in this investigation as the carrier wave. The proposed method proves to decrease the total harmonic distortion better than the conventional low harmonic component elimination method and the subharmonic method, based on experimental results employing a single‐phase inverter. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 175(4): 10–23, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.21103     

Performance parameters of a pulse-width modulation voltage source inverter with proportional-integral controller under non-ideal conditions

Compared with the traditional pulse-width modulation (PWM) or sinusoidal PWM voltage source inverters (VSIs), the proposed VSI with a proportional-integral current controller (PI VSI) offers superiority. It includes instantaneous current control and wave shaping, a fixed inverter switching frequency independent of the output frequency resulting in only known harmonics, and free-running carrier operation. An approach to modeling the proposed PI VSI is introduced, an example of the VSI power circuitry design is presented, and the PI controller design is discussed. Finally, the VSI load current is verified for harmonic contents and instantaneous current control capabilities, under normal, unbalanced, load outage and load short-circuit conditions.     

Developing a novel sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) technique to eliminate side band harmonics

In this study, an enhanced SPWM modulation scheme is developed in order to minimize total harmonic ratio (THD) by eliminating the side band harmonics that are not paid attention in regular modulation schemes. Unlike the conventional SPWM, the developed modulation scheme considers the elimination of harmonics that are located at the carrier frequency and at the side bands of carrier frequencies. Therefore, the harmonic elimination feature of SPWM that eliminates the base harmonic orders but not considers the side band harmonics in frequency domain is improved with the developed analytical definition. The side band harmonic elimination feature of the proposed SPWM scheme eliminates higher order harmonics. The elimination of high-ordered attenuated harmonics decreases the harmonic contents seen in the THD spectrum. The simulation of inverter is carried out with Matlab/Simulink and experimental studies are performed utilizing TMS320F2812 DSP. The proposed SPWM schemes is tested according to various control strategies such as switching frequency (f_sw) and modulation index (m_i) terms by using a full bridge inverter. The analytical model improved to calculate and generate switching intervals is simultaneously operated in DSP instead of managing a look-up table. The experimental studies of the inverter verify that the developed SPWM modulation scheme mitigates the side band harmonics successfully. The higher order harmonics are eliminated and the THD ratios are decreased owing to proposed SPWM scheme.     

Suppressing harmonics in four‐quadrant AC‐DC converters with chaotic SPWM control

In this paper, a new chaotic sinusoidal pulse width modulation (chaotic SPWM) control is proposed and implemented in a four‐quadrant AC‐DC converter for harmonics suppression, where a chaotic carrier plays a key role. Further, the relationship of the harmonic distribution and carrier frequency is derived by analyzing the harmonic components of the AC‐DC converter, which is useful for revealing the operation principle of the chaotic SPWM control for harmonic suppression. Finally, the simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed chaotic SPWM control on harmonics reduction. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Behavioral modeling of permanent magnet synchronous motor fed by PWM inverters considering iron losses due to carrier harmonics

This paper proposes a new method for behavioral modeling of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) fed by a PWM inverter considering the iron losses due to carrier harmonics. In the proposed method, an inductance is connected in series with an iron loss resistance in the equivalent circuit of the PMSM to suppress the harmonic current due to carrier harmonics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated by comparing the numerical results of iron losses of the PMSM obtained using a finite-element method and the newly derived equivalent circuit.     

基于混合谐波注入的潜水感应电机电磁噪声削弱

针对感应电机在变频供电时会在绕组中产生时间谐波而导致电机的电磁振动和噪声增大的问题,提出了一种采用混合谐波注入的改进型正弦脉宽调制控制策略。以一台1 120 kW的潜水感应电机为研究对象,通过对电机进行3、9次混合谐波注入,削弱了电压的调制波和载波谐波及其边带谐波分量,从而降低了电机的振动和噪声。对3、9次混合谐波注入方法中的谐波占比系数进行优化,进一步强化了对边带谐波的削弱效果,整体降低了电机噪声。最后通过对采用混合谐波注入方法的电机与优化前的常规电机进行铁耗、铜耗等方面的性能对比,验证了所提策略在不影响电机的基本性能的前提下,有效削弱了电机的电磁噪声。