浅析太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的研究与应用

太阳能固体吸附式制冷具有环保节能的优点，是当前制冷技术研究中的热点。本文综合介绍了太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的研究价值，太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术的原理、现状及存在的问题，并对太阳能吸附式制冷技术的应用前景作了分析。     

太阳能驱动实现制冷的研究及其应用

本文提出了利用太阳能驱动实现制冷是一门节能环保技术，重点分析和论述了太阳能驱动实现制冷的几种主要方法．即利用太阳能光一电转换实现制冷、太阳能吸收式制冷、太阳能吸附式制冷和太阳能喷射式制冷。指出太阳能驱动实现制冷的研究具有广阔的应用前景。     

太阳能吸附式制冷技术进展综述

介绍了太阳能吸附式制冷技术的原理与特点，从吸附剂一制冷剂工质对、系统循环方式以及吸附床三个方面详细说明了吸附式制冷技术的进展。通过综合分析指出，优化系统的设计，尤其是对系统关键部件，如吸附床、冷凝器、蒸发器的优化设计，对太阳能吸附式制冷系统的性能非常重要；其次，应加强对性能稳定、操作简便的无阀系统的研究，同时加大对太阳能吸附式制冷与建筑一体化的研究力度，使之符合建筑一体化的要求。最后分析了太阳能吸附式制冷技术的发展前景。     

太阳能吸附式制冷关键技术的研究

介绍了太阳能吸附式制冷技术，指出了其存在的问题，并对太阳能吸附式制冷的关键技术的研究现状进行深入的分析和探讨，进一步明确其研究方向.     

降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度的研究进展

吸附式制冷是一种环境友好的制冷方式,可以利用低品位热能提供冷量,因此具有重要的节能意义。目前,吸附式制冷技术在太阳能热利用、工业余热利用等中低温余热领域已有应用,但对低于60℃热源的利用实例较少。降低吸附式制冷系统所需的驱动热源温度是扩大吸附式制冷系统使用范围的重要手段。吸附式制冷系统所需驱动热源温度与系统循环方式、吸附剂性能等因素密切相关。从二级/多级吸附式制冷循环、表面酸性强度与孔结构等影响吸附剂再生温度方面阐述了降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度技术的国内外研究现状。分析结果显示,多级循环吸附式制冷系统可以降低装置的驱动热源温度,但装置结构较为复杂;低再生温度吸附剂能够拓宽吸附式制冷装置的驱动热源温度范围,吸附剂的脱附温度与表面极性、酸性、孔结构等参数有关,对吸附剂进行改性,吸附剂极性弱、酸性低的表面特性有利于降低脱附温度。另外,还介绍了数据中心余热驱动的吸附式制冷技术。开展降低吸附式制冷系统驱动热源温度的研究为低温余热高效利用提供了技术参考。     

制冷低温技术的节能应用与太阳能固体吸附式制冷技术研究

介绍了制冷低温技术领域中的一些国内外研究热点，对当前所涉及的一些较先进的制冷空调技术原理作了分析探讨，并结合当前节能工作的开展对这些新技术的运用作了概括总结。还对以太阳能作为驱动热源的吸附式制冰机的原理、能量转换及热力循环过程进行了较为详细的阐述，以期该技术能像太阳能热水器一样尽快走入大众之家。     

太阳能固体吸附式制冷的技术分析及其进展

本文在介绍太阳能吸附式制冷技术的发展背景及系统的工作原理的基础上,对其技术方面及研究进展做了分析,同时也对太阳能固体吸附式制冷存在的问题进行了概括,进一步明确了其研究方向。     

吸附式空调技术探讨

在能源供应日益紧张和对环境保护要求越发苛刻的今天,寻找一种低碳环保的制冷方式是暖通制冷研究人员的期望。吸附式制冷技术因为对环境零影响,适应于在低温热源下驱动,近些年在余热废热利用、太阳能制冷方面吸引了众多研究者的目光,对此方面的研究也取得了长足的进步。从制冷原理、应用领域以及目前发展的等几个方面,简单介绍了吸附式制冷领域的基本概况,并提出了自己的一些看法。     

冷管型太阳能制冷系统

太阳能吸附式制冷作为一种绿色环保型的制冷技术具有良好的应用前景。本文分析了一种吸附床可直接吸收太阳能的、自身完成集热与制冷的玻璃管型太阳能吸附式制冷管,并介绍了以该冷管为基础的太阳能制冷系统。     

太阳能热水器—制冷空调复合机装置的实现

提出了一各皮太阳能作为驱动源的固体吸附式制冷与供热联合循环的新思路。在肾热水器的基础上引入固体吸附式制冷循环回路,有效地提高了太阳能在能量转化过程中的利用率,根据本文的思想已制作了样机,为太阳能的综合利用与开发做了一次全新的尝试。     

太阳能冷管的研究及其进展

太阳能冷管以沸石分子筛—水为工质对，在一根玻璃管内完成吸附式制冷循环，一根冷管即为一个制冷单元，成功地解决了太阳能吸附式制冷技术难以转化为成果的问题。本文综述了作者近几年来对太阳能冷管首创性提出，以及其结构性能的研制和改进情况。采用真空集热方式和选择性涂层加强冷管对太阳能的吸收，采用整体固化复合吸附剂提高吸附床的吸附和脱附性能。本文还介绍了已制作的三代太阳能冷管型制冷系统的试验样机，在单一提供制冷的基础上，提出了既可以制冷又可以供热水的多功能太阳能冷管。目前，实验结果表明，最新的多功能太阳能冷管COP可达0．268，太阳能制冷与供热的总效率可达87．7％。     

Enhancement of natural ventilation in a solar house with a solar chimney and a solid adsorption cooling cavity

This paper presents a parametric analytical study on the enhancement of natural ventilation in a solar house induced by a solar chimney and a solid adsorption cooling cavity. Some details on sizing such a system are also provided. Theoretical analyses are carried out to investigate the ventilation in the solar house with solar chimney alone, cooling cavity alone or with combined solar chimney and solar adsorption cooling cavity, without considering the wind effects. It is found that on a typical day, the solar house comprising of a 2.5 m² solar chimney, is able to create an airflow rate of more than 150 kg/h for the studied house. In addition, the ventilation rate at night is also increased by about 20% with the solar adsorption cooling cavity. It is expected that the proposed concept is useful to be incorporated with a stand-alone building or with a cluster of buildings for some favorable climates.     

The effects of operation parameter on the performance of a solar-powered adsorption chiller

A solar-powered adsorption chiller with heat and mass recovery cycle was designed and constructed. It consists of a solar water heating unit, a silica gel-water adsorption chiller, a cooling tower and a fan coil unit. The adsorption chiller includes two identical adsorption units and a second stage evaporator with methanol working fluid. The effects of operation parameter on system performance were tested successfully. Test results indicated that the COP (coefficient of performance) and cooling power of the solar-powered adsorption chiller could be improved greatly by optimizing the key operation parameters, such as solar hot water temperature, heating/cooling time, mass recovery time, and chilled water temperature. Under the climatic conditions of daily solar radiation being about 16–21 MJ/m², this solar-powered adsorption chiller can produce a cooling capacity about 66–90 W per m² collector area, its daily solar cooling COP is about 0.1–0.13.     

A review for absorbtion and adsorbtion solar cooling systems in China

In the past decades, solar water collectors were installed for the main purpose of preheating domestic hot water or to cover a fraction of the space heating demand in China. However, solar cooling systems were constructed just for demonstration purposes. Since the building of the first solar-powered absorption cooling system in Shenzhen in 1987, there have been over 10 additional solar cooling demonstration projects constructed. In this paper, the most representative five projects including both absorption and adsorption cooling systems are introduced and summarized. From the demonstrations, solar absorption cooling systems have been shown to be more suitable for large building air-conditioning systems. Comparatively, solar adsorption cooling systems are more promising for small size air-conditioning systems. In order to attain high utilization ratio, it is highly recommended to design solar-powered integrated energy systems in public buildings. In addition, highly efficient heat pumps are considered as the most appropriate auxiliary heat sources for solar cooling systems, for the purpose of all-weather operation. In the 11th Five year research project (duration 2006–2010), solar cooling technologies will be further investigated to achieve a breaking through in the integration of solar cooling systems with buildings.     

太阳能制冷系统低温储粮研究

总结了国内外太阳能制冷低温储粮的研究进展,介绍了太阳能吸收式制冷和吸附式制冷的工作原理及系统组成,分析了太阳能制冷低温储粮的优点、应用前景及尚待解决的问题。     

Adsorption cooling driven by solar collector: A case study for Tokyo solar data

An analytical investigation has been performed to study the possibility of application of solar cooling for the climatic condition of Tokyo, Japan. Silica gel–water adsorption cooling system has been taken into consideration for the present study and lumped parameter model is used to investigate the performance of the system. Based on the solar radiation data it is found that at least 15 collector (each of 2.415 m²) is required to achieve the required heat source temperature (around 85 °C) to run the cooling unit. It is also observed that the solar powered adsorption cooling unit provides cooling capacity around 10 kW at noon with base run conditions, while the system provides solar COP around 0.3, however, the solar collector size can be reduced by optimizing the cycle time.     

真空集热型太阳能固体吸附式制冷的理论研究

为提高太阳能吸附制冷系统的集热性能。提出了采用真空集热管式吸附床的太阳能固体吸附制冷系统,并对选择吸收式和直接吸热式的真空集热制冷系统分别进行了理论分析与计算模拟。这两种系统均具有较高的制冷性能,前者宜以沸石-水为制冷工质对,而后者则宜采用活性碳-甲醇工质对。分析了工作参数对这两种真空集热型制冷系统的影响,并对系统结构进行了优化研究。     

Study of a solar powered solid adsorption–desiccant cooling system used for grain storage

A hybrid solar cooling system, which combines the technologies of rotary desiccant dehumidification and solid adsorption refrigeration, has been proposed for cooling grain. The key components of the system are a rotary desiccant wheel and a solar adsorption collector. The former is used for dehumidification and the later acts as both an adsorption unit and a solar collector. The heating load from sunshine can thus be reduced to a greater extent since the solar adsorption collector is placed on the roof of the grain depot. Compared with the solid adsorption refrigeration system alone, the new hybrid system performs better. Under typical conditions, the coefficient of performance of the system is >0.4 and the outlet temperature is <20°C. It is believed that the system can be used widely in the regions with abundant solar resources due to such advantages as environmental protection, energy saving and low operation costs. Additionally, some parameters, for example, ambient conditions, the effectiveness of the heat exchanger and evaporative cooler, mass air-flow rate, etc., which affect system performance, are also analyzed.     

Experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of the solar adsorption cooling system in a green building

A solar adsorption cooling system was constructed in the green building of Shanghai Institute of Building Science. The system consisted of evacuated tube solar collector arrays of area 150 m², two adsorption chillers with nominal cooling capacity of 8.5 kW for each and a hot water storage tank of 2.5 m³ in volume. A mathematical model of the system was established. According to experimental results under typical weather condition of Shanghai, the average cooling capacity of the system was 15.3 kW during continuous operation for 8 h. The theoretical analysis of the system was verified and found to agree well with the experimental results. The performance analysis showed that solar radiant intensity had a more distinct influence on the performance of solar adsorption cooling system as compared with ambient temperature. It was observed that the cooling capacity increased with the increase of solar collector area, whereas, solar collecting efficiency varied quite contrary. With the increase of water tank volume, cooling capacity decreased, while, the solar collecting efficiency increased. The system performances can be enhanced by increasing the height-to-diameter ratio of water tank. Additionally, it was observed that solar collecting efficiency decreased with the increase of the initial temperature of water in the tank; however, cooling capacity varied on the contrary. Also can be seen is that optimum nondimensional mass flow rate is 0.7 when the specific mass flow rate exceeds 0.012 kg/m² s.