骨修复用生物玻璃研究进展

生物活性玻璃和生物微晶玻璃因其优异的生物活性及组分与性能可设计性而引起广泛关注,人们力图在其基础上研制出性能优良的骨修复材料.近来有报道发现特定组分的玻璃能激活基因从而促进骨组织再生,为生物玻璃的应用开拓了新的领域.本文综述了目前的生物玻璃及生物微晶玻璃体系、组分与制备工艺对其理化性能和生物活性的影响、生物活性的评价方式及其活性机理.     

可切削微晶玻璃的研究现状及进展

可切削生物活性微晶玻璃是近年来新兴的一种生物材料，本文综述了可切削微晶玻璃的组成、结构、制备工艺、组成特性、生物活性评价及研究状况，并对可切削生物微晶玻璃的应用前景进行分析展望。     

热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca2P2O7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为3Na2O-12TiO2-57CaO-28P2O5玻璃进行热处理，研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的β-Ca2P2O7晶相古量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明：该组成玻璃经热处理后，可以获得含有β-Ca2P2O7，CaTi4(PO4)6，NaTi2(PO4)3和TiP2O7晶相的微晶玻璃，β-Ca2P2O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长，β-Ca2P2O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多β-Ca2P2O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，主要是由于β-Ca2P2O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力，因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性，其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了向微晶玻璃的生物活性。     

可机械加工生物活性微晶玻璃的研究现状及进展

可机械加工生物活性微晶玻璃是近年来新兵的一种生物材料。综述了可机械加工微晶玻璃的组成、结构、制备工艺、组成特性、生物活性评价及研究状况．并对可机械加工生物微晶玻璃的应用前景进行了分析展望。     

热处理对磷酸钙微晶玻璃中β-Ca_2P_2O_7晶相含量的影响

在不同条件下对摩尔组分为 3Na2 O 12TiO2 5 7CaO 2 8P2 O5玻璃进行热处理 ,研究其热处理条件与微晶玻璃的 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相含量和生物活性的关系。实验结果表明 :该组成玻璃经热处理后 ,可以获得含有 β Ca2 P2 O7,CaTi4(PO4) 6 ,NaTi2 (PO4) 3和TiP2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃 ,β Ca2 P2 O7为主晶相。随着成核温度提高和成核时间的延长 ,β Ca2 P2 O7晶相在微晶玻璃中含量增加。含较多 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相的微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,主要是由于 β Ca2 P2 O7晶相有较强的促进生物活性的能力 ,因而使微晶玻璃有较强的生物活性 ,其结果是改变微晶玻璃的热处理条件就改变了微晶玻璃的生物活性     

以煤炭固体废物为主要原料研制微晶玻璃

通过对基础玻璃配方的分析,指出了各组分的不同含量对玻璃及微晶玻璃外观和性能的影响.     

高岭土尾砂微晶玻璃的试验研究

本项目利用江西抚州高岭土尾砂研制出微晶玻璃，利用ＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ等方法研究了高岭土尾砂玻璃的析晶性能及微晶玻璃的主晶相组成等，测定了这种尾砂微晶玻璃的理化性能，阐述了其应用领域。     

尾矿制备微晶玻璃的研究进展

尾矿制备微晶玻璃是尾矿的综合利用的一种新的途径.本文综述了微晶玻璃的特性及制备工艺,介绍了尾矿作为原料在微晶玻璃生产中的应用.分别讨论了不同尾矿制备微晶玻璃的工艺及其对微晶玻璃微观结构与物化性能的影响.从尾矿综合利用的角度,分类论述了金属尾矿及非金属尾矿制备微晶玻璃的最新研究进展,展望了尾矿微晶玻璃的发展方向及应用前景.     

钙磷酸盐系生物活性微晶玻璃的制备与研究

用粉末-烧结法制备了钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃，通过DTA，XRD，SEM探讨了材料的制备过程、相组成及显微结构。玻璃粉末在烧结的同时进行晶化，热处理后得到了主晶相为8-Ca3（PO4）2和β-Ca2PO7的微晶玻璃，随着烧结温度的提高,β-Ca2PO7的含量先减小后增大，950℃烧结的微晶玻璃中β-Ca2PO7的含量最大。实验结果表明，用粉末一烧结法可制得具有生物活性晶相的钙磷酸盐微晶玻璃。     

堇青石基复相微晶玻璃的性能预测与组分优化

依据单纯形格子点设计,利用堇青石基质玻璃,低膨胀硼硅酸盐玻璃,熔融石英三种原料组分通过烧结法制备了堇青石基复相微晶玻璃,建立回归模型,并对其吸水率和热膨胀性能进行测试。结果表明：所建模型准确度高,可以准确地预测微晶玻璃的性能;在微晶玻璃单性能下优化时,通过指定性能可以确定原料组分;在双性能下优化时,通过指定的性能范围可以确定原料组分的区域。同理对于多性能,通过性能区域叠加,也可以确定原料组分的组成范围。在双性能优化的区域范围内,选择了一点进行验证实验,证明了实验的可靠性;该研究能给其他研究提供一个借鉴。     

Studies on novel bioactive glasses and bioactive glass-nano-HAp composites suitable for coating on metallic implants

A series of novel zinc oxide (ZnO) containing bioactive glass compositions in SiO₂-Na₂O-CaO-P₂O₅ system and composite with hydroxyapatite (HAp) nano-particles were developed and applied as coating on Ti-6Al-4V substrates. The bioactive glasses and their composites were also processed to yield dense scaffolds, porous scaffolds and porous bone filler materials. The coating materials and the coatings were characterized and evaluated by different in vitro techniques to establish their superior mechanical properties. The cytotoxicity test of the coating material, porous and dense scaffolds and coated specimens showed non-cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and promising in vitro bioactivity for all tested samples. The dissolution behaviour studies of the bioactive glasses and the composites in simulated body fluid showed promising in vitro release pattern and bioactivity for all tested samples. Addition of nanosized HAp improves mechanical properties of the bioactive glass coating without affecting the in vitro bioactivity.     

Boron-based bioactive glasses: Properties,processing, characterization and applications

The performance of many biological processes is thought to be affected by boron, and a deficiency is linked to delayed bone growth. Boron is therefore a bioactive element that is advantageous to both people and animals. Another well-known benefit of boron is that it promotes bone growth and wound healing. Glass structure, glass processing properties, biodegradability, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and cytotoxicity are all significantly impacted by the introduction of boron to bioactive glasses in a range of concentrations. According to research so far, boron based bioactive glasses (BBGs) frequently surpass silicate glasses in terms of bioactivity and potential for bone healing. Additionally, they could be employed as medication delivery systems for the treatment of infections and conditions like osteoporosis. By adding modifying ions, BBGs capacity to heal wounds or repair bone can be increased. Boron based bioactive glasses are typically synthesized via melt-quenching, although a more recent, more promising technique sol-gel processing is starting to attract interest. This review analyses the available literature to offer an in-depth overview of BBG properties, their real-world applications, challenges, and suggestions for future study.     

生物活性玻璃多孔材料的制备及性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备生物活性玻璃58S及77S;通过熔融法制备生物活性玻璃45S5,分别向上述3种生物活性玻璃粉体以及它们的混合物中添加一定比例的造孔剂,通过一定的烧结工艺制成具有不同组成的生物活性多孔材料,利用体外实验方法结合DTA,SEM及FTIR等材料显微结构及性能研究手段分析比较了各种多孔材料的显微结构、表面形貌、抗折强度及生物活性.研究表明:58S和45S5混合制备的多孔材料是一种具有良好生物活性和生物矿化特性的生物材料,可用于制备骨缺损填充材料和骨组织工程支架.     

Ceramic biomaterials: Properties,state of the art and future prospectives

This article gives an overview of ceramics-based biomaterials with particular emphasis on their various properties and health care applications. Furthermore, bio ceramics are grouped as oxide and nitride-based bioinert ceramics, bioresorbable calcium phosphate-based materials and bioactive glasses/glass ceramics. Ceramics and bioglasses are good biomaterials, here mainly focused on bone replacement applications. Mesoporous glasses, nanocrystalline ceramics and composites, having a high surface area, corrosion resistive and better mechanical properties, could be future biomaterials. Controlled porosity with uniform pores distributed biomaterials could be achieved using fine synthesis routes like sol-gel and additive manufacturing. Bioceramics and bioglasses could also be synthesized by agro-food wastes and optimize their properties according to need and applications easily. Moreover, these sustainable resources exhibit inherent porosity due to presence of organic substance attached with inorganic materials. As crystallinity increased, the bioactivity decreases of ceramics. Both properties can be optimised using nano-crystalline and composite biomaterials.     

Intriguing role of TiO2 in glass‐ceramics: Bioactive and magneto‐structural properties

We report on the structural, magnetic, and bioactive properties of TiO₂‐modified silicate glasses. Addition of TiO₂ and heat treatment, shows remarkable and distinguishable effect on the properties of the glasses. Growth of titania‐modified magnetic nanocrystals played effective role in the evolution of magnetic properties of the glass‐ceramics. Some of the samples exhibit superparamagnetic nature, while others are found to be antiferromagnetic. Interestingly, after heat treatment the magnetization trend of the samples reversed. The in vitro bioactivity of these glass‐ceramics was accessed by the formation of bone‐ like apatite structures on their surfaces after immersion in simulated body fluid. The magnetic properties along with the bioactivity of present glass‐ceramics indicate their usefulness in the magnetically induced hyperthermia treatment of cancer.     

Studying morphological characteristics of thermally treated bioactive glass ceramic using image analysis

Bioactive glass ceramics are materials which develop a strong bond with living tissues through a carbonate-containing hydroxyapatatite layer, similar to that of bone. Recently, the use of thermally treated bioactive glass in dental restorations has been proposed, as it could provide a bioactive surface, which in combination with a tissue regenerative technique could lead to periodontal tissues attachment. The purpose of this study was the investigation of the qualitative and quantitative alterations of thermally treated bioactive glasses after incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) for different time intervals, through the use of Image Analysis methods. There is a remarkable decrease in the dimensions of bioactive glass particles—their shape being more elongated—with the immersion time in SBF and the depth from the surface. The influence on particles morphology in deeper layers is recognizable and the species in the coating, present bioactivity on the surface and in the volume.     

Bioactive Glasses: From Macro to Nano

Bioactive glasses play an important role for the bone defects treatment. Forty years ago, it was discovered the first bioactive glass, Bioglass^®, obtained by melting and used in Orthopedics and Dentistry. Twenty years ago, another family of bioactive glasses obtained by solgel processing was reported. Solgel glasses exhibit high textural properties and quicker bioactive response than melt glasses. However, their presence in the market is scarce which could be explained considering that the improvements they bring do not justify the costs of their translation to product. In the last decade, so-called template glasses exhibiting greater bioactivity than solgel glasses were described. These glasses display high pore volume and ordered mesopore structure, which makes them optimal candidates for hosting biologically active substances. For these characteristics, template glasses are being considered ideal candidates for the scaffolds manufacture used in bone engineering. This article shows the main features of three families of bioactive glasses and the importance of their nanostructure in the bioactivity. We demonstrate here that glasses with identical composition may exhibit very different properties, specifically bioactivity, as a function of their nanostructure. This fact demonstrates the importance of controlling this nanostructure in the design of new bioactive materials for bone regeneration.     

Effect of ion substitution on properties of bioactive glasses: A review

Bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics have recently found key applications in biomedicine, mainly for bone repair and replacement. Recent developments in the field of tissue engineering have re-invigorated the quest to enhance the physical and biomedical effectiveness of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics by incorporation of different elements into the composition of these materials. Although most elements are included in the bioactive glass for the therapeutic benefits (e.g., Ag and Sr), they influence the structure and bioactivity of the glass. This review systematically discusses the influence of the addition of silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), strontium (Sr), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), potassium (P), fluoride (F) and zirconia (ZrO₂) elements on the chemical, physical and therapeutic properties of bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, which are expected to play an important role in the future of bone regenerative medicine. This article describes where these dopant ions fit into the glass structure and how these affect the delivery and properties of the glass as a whole.     

Bioactivity and osteoinductivity of glasses and glassceramics and their material determinants

Bioactive glasses and glassceramics have been used in both bone repair and tissue engineering applications. An important feature of bioactive glasses and glassceramics, which enables them to be used for desired application, is their biological activity. This activity is manifested by the ability of these materials to form a stable bond with bone tissue (bioactivity) and, in some cases, their ability to promote/initiate osteogenesis (osteoinductivity). A stable material-bone bonding (i.e. bioactivity) results from specific material surface reactions leading to hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation on the material surface. Bioactivity of materials is often evaluated in vitro and the ability of materials to form HAp-like surface layer is usually studied after immersion/incubation of materials in simulated body fluid (SBF). Biological activity of materials can be also defined as their ability to induce specific cell responses leading to faster regeneration of bone tissue. It may be manifested by materials supporting bone cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation (biocompability/osteconductivity), and/or by materials inducing/promoting the expression of multiple bone-related genes that drive osteogenesis (osteoinductivity). Osteoinductivity is often verified in vivo by the materials capability to form bone at etopic (i.e. extraskeletal) sites. However, a lot of in vitro call-based experiments are now offered to determine osteoinductive properties of biomaterials. This review focuses on the silica-based glasses and glass-ceramics, in particular, the sol-gel derived ones, and summarizes their bioactivity and osteoinductivity as major determinants of their biological activity. We highlight the chemistry of bioglasses and glassceramics that affects not only the formation of a stable implant/bone bonding by HAp layer, but also drives the cell response in vitro and in vivo.