非线性机械系统分析性稳健设计

提出非线性条件下系统功能需求与结构特征参数、设计参数以及不可控因素之间的关系模型,按照该模型对系统敏感性进行了分析,给出系统敏感性指数 具体的数学表达式。按照稳健设计的基本思想,建立分析性稳健设计的优化模型,根据该优化模型结合TAGUCHI稳健性设计方法对系统稳健性实现的内在本质从理论上做出分析。基于各因素(系统结构特性、设计参数以及不可控因素)对系统稳健性影响程度的分析,提出稳健灵敏性矩阵RS。研究发现,在非线性条件下,系统本身的结构特性、设计参数以及外在的不可控因素与系统敏感性之间存在着直接的函数关系,并且它们均以各自不同的形式影响着系统的稳健性。系统本身的结构特性决定了设计参数对系统功能目标的作用形式,从而对系统功能目标的分布产生影响。设计参数的不同选择对系统稳健性影响的实质在于利用系统的非线性效应,以使设计功能靠近目标值,并使得变异达到最小。如果在合理的结构设计以及适当设计参数的选取仍然达不到系统稳健性要求的条件下,对不可控因素的控制则是一种从源头减小功能目标变动以提高系统稳健性的有效途径。     

Multi-parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Application Research in the Robust Optimization Design for Complex Nonlinear System

The current research of complex nonlinear system robust optimization mainly focuses on the features of design parameters, such as probability density functions, boundary conditions, etc. After parameters study, high-dimensional curve or robust control design is used to find an accurate robust solution. However, there may exist complex interaction between parameters and practical engineering system. With the increase of the number of parameters, it is getting hard to determine high-dimensional curves and robust control methods, thus it’s difficult to get the robust design solutions. In this paper, a method of global sensitivity analysis based on divided variables in groups is proposed. By making relevant variables in one group and keeping each other independent among sets of variables, global sensitivity analysis is conducted in grouped variables and the importance of parameters is evaluated by calculating the contribution value of each parameter to the total variance of system response. By ranking the importance of input parameters, relatively important parameters are chosen to conduct robust design analysis of the system. By applying this method to the robust optimization design of a real complex nonlinear system-a vehicle occupant restraint system with multi-parameter, good solution is gained and the response variance of the objective function is reduced to 0.01, which indicates that the robustness of the occupant restraint system is improved in a great degree and the method is effective and valuable for the robust design of complex nonlinear system. This research proposes a new method which can be used to obtain solutions for complex nonlinear system robust design.     

工程稳健优化设计

本文从工程设计观点讨论了设计解的稳健性、稳健设计和稳健优化设计的基本概念,提出了一种基于随机优化技术的稳健优化设计的建模原理和求解算法,这一方法将通过调整设计变量的名义值和控制它的容差来考虑可控变量和不可控参数的变差对产品质量的影响,以提高设计解的可行稳健性和质量函数的不灵敏性。     

非正态分布参数的多失效模式机械系统可靠性鲁棒设计

在机械系统可靠性设计理论、可靠性灵敏度分析和鲁棒设计方法的基础上,讨论了非正态分布参数的多失效模式机械系统可靠性鲁棒设计问题,提出了非正态分布参数的多失效模式机械系统可靠性鲁棒设计的计算方法．把可靠性灵敏度融入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将机械系统可靠性鲁棒设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题．在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,可以迅速准确地得到机械系统可靠性鲁棒设计信息．     

面向可适应性的稳健性产品平台规划方法

为更好地快速响应市场的多样化需求,引入面向可适应性的产品平台结构概念。根据稳健设计与可适应设计在提升产品适应外部环境变化的能力、考虑设计变更及以低成本获得高质量产品方面的一致性,提出了面向可适应性的稳健性产品平台规划方法,在产品平台规划初期就开始考虑产品的稳健性,并使设计具有可适应性,以避免后期出现大的返工。以公理设计理论为指导,通过“Zigzagging”映射,依照功能需求分析及三种类型的划分,合理提炼特征设计参数,建立产品平台的功能要求和设计参数矩阵。将灰色系统理论应用到产品平台的稳健设计中,结合试验设计与关联度方差分析,合理识别平台参数和变型参数。然后分两阶段进行稳健优化,确定产品族基体产品和每个变型产品的设计参数的最佳设计方案。通过卷筒组产品族的规划实例,说明了该方法的可行性和实用性。     

基于随机模型的动车组制动模块稳健优化设计

针对目前产品优化设计中未考虑设计变量随机性和灵敏度指数对产品质量特性的影响及优化求解效率低等问题,提出一种综合考虑灵敏度指数与质量损失函数的稳健优化设计方法。通过假设设计变量的分布类型,得到设计变量的概率分布特征,将设计变量对产品质量特性的灵敏度指数与质量损失函数加权整合,并以此作为优化目标,以设计变量的容差作为约束条件,构建随机稳健优化模型。通过扩大种群数目、改进控制参数及增加惩罚因子的方法对遗传算法进行改进,结合改进的遗传算法对优化模型进行求解,得到优化模型的全局稳健最优解。以某动车组制动模块为例,采用给出的方法对其进行稳健优化设计,验证该方法的有效性与合理性。优化结果表明,该方法能够实现动车组制动模块的稳健优化设计,提高了制动模块的抗干扰能力。     

Robust multi-objective and multi-level optimization of complex mechanical structures

This paper presents a new approach to robust multi-objective and multi-level optimization of the design of complex mechanical structures. The optimization is at two levels: system and elements. At system-level, the robust multi-objective problem has four cost functions: on the one hand the minimization of the global mass and displacement at a fixed point of the mechanical structure, and on the other hand the maximization of both the robustness and the displacement of the mass. At element-level the robust multi-objective problem has two cost functions: minimization of the element mass and maximization of its robustness. A robust condensation technique, based on an enriched Karhunen-Loève condensation, is used for complex structures which require a large finite element model. In contrast to existing formulations, this new approach takes into account uncertainties in the design parameters at system-level and element-level. It also allows for the task sharing which is commonly used in structural engineering.     

基于公理设计的机械系统稳健性分析及应用

以用户需求为切入点,对产品的功能语义和功能需求进行元模型描述,将用户需求转化为功能要求。以公理设计为指导框架,基于独立公理和Z字形映射方式,寻找并确定设计参数,明确功能要求之间及其与设计参数的相互关系,建立完整设计矩阵。将公理设计矩阵转换为设计结构矩阵并对其进行重构,生成几个相互之间具有较小依赖度的聚类耦合模块,得到系统稳健关联矩阵。然后将各个模块之间的关联参数作为可控因素,通过试验设计分析其对目标影响的重要程度并实施针对性的控制与调整,从而提升机械产品系统的稳健性。基于所提出的稳健性分析方法进行了起重机小车的设计,说明了该方法的应用过程,证明该方法是可行性的。     

Optimization of Uncertain Structures with Interval Parameters Considering Objective and Feasibility Robustness

For the purpose of improving the mechanical performance indices of uncertain structures with interval parameters and ensure their robustness when fluctuating under interval parameters, a constrained interval robust optimization model is constructed with both the center and halfwidth of the most important mechanical performance index described as objective functions and the other requirements on the mechanical performance indices described as constraint functions. To locate the optimal solution of objective and feasibility robustness, a new concept of interval violation vector and its calculation formulae corresponding to different constraint functions are proposed. The math?ematical formulae for calculating the feasibility and objective robustness indices and the robustness?based preferential guidelines are proposed for directly ranking various design vectors, which is realized by an algorithm integrating Kriging and nested genetic algorithm. The validity of the proposed method and its superiority to present interval optimization approaches are demonstrated by a numerical example. The robust optimization of the upper beam in a high?speed press with interval material properties demonstrated the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method in engineering.     

电梯系统垂直振动的频率敏感度分析与鲁棒设计

考虑曳引绳刚度在电梯运行过程中具有变刚度的特性,利用Lagrange方程对电梯系统建立了7自由度的振动微分方程,通过试验设计方法得出随机变量与系统频率响应的数值关系,利用人工神经网络技术获得随机变量与频率响应之间的显性函数关系式。根据激振频率与固有频率之比不超过规定值的关系准则,定义了电梯系统纵向振动的可靠性模式,运用频率可靠性分析方法,提出多频激励情况下的系统的频率可靠性及其敏感度的分析方法。在此基础上,结合可靠性敏感度理论与稳健设计方法,将可靠性敏感度融入到目标优化设计中,建立系统频率可靠性鲁棒设计模型。通过工程算例,将可靠性敏感度理论和稳健设计方法应用到电梯系统设计当中,得到满足鲁棒设计要求的随机参数值。结果表明,该方法具有较高的计算效率和求解精度,可以作为电梯系统稳健设计的理论依据。     

Operation and control of a water supply system

The control of water supply systems is becoming more important, since there are increasing requirements to improve operation. A need exists to model and simulate water supply systems so that their behavior can be fully understood and the total process optimized. This paper describes the simulation and control of a water supply system consisting of a sequence of pumping stations that deliver water through pipelines to intermediate storage reservoirs. The system is represented by dominant system variables that represent active and passive dynamical elements. The hydraulic models include the nonlinear coupling between flow rates and reservoir heads. The bisection numerical solution approach is used to obtain a roughness dependent friction coefficient. The whole system is simulated and the results are presented and compared with the real-time measured data. A water level controller using the robust polynomial H(infinity) optimization method by manipulating pump speed is obtained. The stochastic nature of the disturbance and loads is considered for controller design. The parametrized dynamic weighting functions of the design theory are selected to achieve the required control functions and robustness.     

基于Kriging模型的微夹持器优化设计

为了综合平衡一种新型微夹持器的张合量、夹持力灵敏度与快速响应,提出一种Kriging模型的优化方法。采用拉丁超立方抽样方法确定试验点,采用ANSYS计算各试验点对应的响应值。进行相关性分析以确定对性能影响较大的结构参数,并将其作为优化设计变量。采用Kriging理论建立能反映性能指标与设计变量之间关系的非线性模型,并建立多目标优化模型。比较分析优化前与优化后的各性能指标可知,放大倍数增大了7.4%,固有频率增大了16.46%,输出刚度增大了9.84%,最大应力减小了5.75%,说明所提出的性能优化方法有效。     

基于灵敏度分析的工程稳健优化设计方法及其应用

从工程设计的观点出发 ,采用了一种基于灵敏度分析的工程稳健优化设计方法来考虑可控变量和不可控参数的变差对产品技师的影响 ,以提高 ,设计解的可行稳健性和质量函数的不灵敏性 ,并运用该方法对汽车离合器膜版弹簧进行了计算。结果表明 ,该方法有效、可靠 ,可用于其它机械零部件的设计计算。     

非正态随机参数的机械零件的可靠性稳健设计

将可靠性优化设计理论、可靠性灵敏度技术与稳健设计方法相结合,讨论具有非正态随机参数的机械零件的可靠性稳健设计问题,提出可靠性稳健设计的计算方法。将可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将可靠性稳健设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题。利用四阶矩技术在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,通过计算机程序可以实现具有非正态随机参数的机械零件的可靠性稳健设计,迅速准确地得到具有非正态随机参数的机械零件的可靠性稳健设计信息。数值算例表明文中所提方法是一种非常方便和实用的可靠性稳健设计方法。     

龙门起重机金属结构的多目标动态优化

针对龙门起重机金属结构动态特性的复杂性和非线性,综合考虑龙门起重机金属结构设计中尺寸参数及起升载荷的不确定性,利用参数化有限元模型和试验设计方法,在龙门起重机金属结构动态系统中,建立了设计变量和动态参数间的关系。通过运用非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ),寻求桁架梁尺寸及节间布置最优化方案,并满足低应力、高固有频率及轻量化的要求,在构建高精度的响应面近似模型的基础上,运用Monte-Carlo模拟技术对优化方案的鲁棒性进行了评价。结果表明,该优化方法有效地实现了龙门起重机的动态结构优化,显著提高了其设计质量和效率。     

Structure dynamic reliability: A hybrid approach and robust meta-models

Mathematical modeling of physical systems is essential to understand and, if possible, control such systems. However, insufficient information may be available about the level of uncertainty related to material properties, geometric parameters, boundary conditions and the applied loads. In the context of structural reliability, the uncertainties may be uncontrollable when designing for robustness. These problems in the modeling of the uncertainties are often complicated by the model's inability to describe the physical phenomena that are involved. In this paper, the proposed approach combines a dynamic reliability method and a meta-model (reduced model) to obtain good results in terms of the reliability and optimization of such systems. Using the available information about the uncertain design parameters, we use the hybrid model coupling of the possibility and probability approaches for the propagation of the uncertainties in the model. The proposed method was implemented on theoretical structures with different meta-models. The results are compared with the Monte Carlo simulations. This allowed us to prove the robustness and efficiency of the proposed methodology for reliability calculations of complex dynamic structures.     

Robust adaptable design considering changes of requirements and parameters during product operation stage

Increasing competition in the global marketplace demands products be adaptable to the changes of functional requirements, operation environments, and technology advancement. Adaptable design can be employed for developing adaptable products and systems that can be changed, such as reconfigured and upgraded, during product operation stage. In addition, since product and operating parameters are normally subject to influence of uncertainties that lead to variations of functional performance, robust design needs to be carried out to identify the design whose functional performance is the least sensitive to the variations of product and operating parameters. This research aims at developing a robust adaptable design approach such that the product is adaptable to various changes in requirements and parameters during the product operation stage, meanwhile the product functional performance measures are the least sensitive to parameter variations. First, the requirements, parameters, and variations of these parameters are defined as numerical functions of a time parameter. Then, mathematical models are established to describe the relationships among product design/operating parameters, functional performances, and variations of these parameters and performances. Furthermore, an optimization-based model is developed to achieve the robust adaptable design. A case study has also been developed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly developed robust adaptable design method.     

非稳态罚函数遗传算法及其用于机械/结构系统的健壮性设计

在机械 /结构的优化设计中 ,普遍存在约束的作用 ,且最优解往往位于可行域的边界上。由于外界环境的变化或人为因素造成设计变量扰动 ,可能使设计成为不可行。本文提出了一种基于设计变量敏感性的健壮性设计方法 ,并用非稳态罚函数遗传算法来实现多目标优化设计。     

Interactive robust optimal design of plastic injection products with minimum weldlines

A new robust optimal design methodology has been developed and applied to the design of plastic injection molding products. Taguchi’s robust design method and an optimal design search algorithm are integrated with a commercial CAE simulation tool. A direct search-based optimization procedure is implemented with the considerations of process variations as well as uncontrollable noise variables. The Interactive Design Space Reduction Method (IDSRM) based on orthogonal arrays for design of experiments is developed as a general optimization tool. Using the system, designers can interactively adjust the design space during the searching process for the optimal solution based on the outcomes of the experiments. The developed methodology is applied to an industrial application: a molding process design of an automobile front bumper to minimize the weldline, a form defect of plastic parts. Compared with the initial design solution, the optimized design aided by the proposed methodology shows a more efficient and better result in terms of design robustness against process variations.     

非正态分布参数的车辆零件可靠性稳健设计

将可靠性优化设计理论、可靠性灵敏度技术与稳健设计方法相结合,讨论了具有非正态分布参数的车辆零件的可靠性稳健设计问题,提出了可靠性稳健设计的计算方法。把可靠性灵敏度溶入可靠性优化设计模型之中,将可靠性稳健设计归结为满足可靠性要求的多目标优化问题。在基本随机参数的前四阶矩已知的情况下,通过计算机程序可以实现具有非正态分布参数的车辆零件的可靠性稳健设计,迅速准确地得到具有非正态分布参数的车辆零件的可靠性稳健设计信息。数值算例表明所提出的方法是一种非常方便和实用的可靠性稳健设计方法。