短纤维增强金属基复合材料的细观塑性变形与宏观性能

本文研究单向短纤维增强金属基复合材料的细现弹塑性变形和宏观弹塑性响应。假设纤维是弹性体,基体是弹性粘塑性体。利用有限元法分析了复合材料可周期性重复的单胞的细观弹塑性应力场;利用体积平均的均匀化方法研究了复合材料的弹塑性应力-应变关系。本工作着重分析复合材料中纤维与纤维、纤维与周围基体的相互作用机理。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料疲劳研究进展

对近年来颗粒增强金属基复合材料的疲劳研究进行了总结,从疲劳裂纹萌生及疲劳裂纹扩展方面讨论了其疲劳行为及机理,总结了增强颗粒特性、基体特性对其疲劳性能的影响,展望了颗粒增强金属基复合材料疲劳研究的发展前景。     

复合材料多层板壳在非线性弹性失稳时的本构关系

在研究复合材料的多层、夹层和加筋板壳的非线性弹性和塑性失稳问题时,需要用到失稳前的应力与应变之间和失稳时的应力增量与应变增量之间的非线性关系。复合材料在纤维断裂和基体开裂以前的物理非线性,主要是由基体引起的。本文对非线性弹性和处于主动塑性变形阶段的各向同性基体,采用小弹塑性变形理论,导得了应力与应变之间的各向同性非线性关系和应力增量与应变增量之间的各向异性非线性关系。假定纤维是线性弹性的。用复合材料的复合定律,求得了单向增强纤维复合材料层片的应力与应变之间和应力增量与应变增量之间的非线性关系。     

粉末冶金颗粒增强铝合金的疲劳性能与寿命预测研究进展

粉末冶金颗粒增强铝合金作为工程构件材料使用时经常处于循环载荷条件下,疲劳破坏现象极为普遍。影响粉末冶金颗粒增强铝合金疲劳性能和疲劳寿命的因素较多,但关于疲劳失效方面的报导较少且缺乏概括性的总结。基于此,主要综述了增强颗粒、基体微观结构、温度和应力比对粉末冶金颗粒增强铝合金疲劳性能的影响。总结了疲劳强度、疲劳裂纹扩展与上述因素之间的关系,并详细阐述了这些因素的影响机制。介绍了颗粒增强复合材料疲劳寿命预测方法。最后展望了粉末冶金颗粒增强铝合金疲劳寿命预测的研究趋势。     

复合材料单钉接头疲劳累积损伤破坏分析

基于时间增量原理 , 推导了层合板接头疲劳加载累积损伤应力2应变分析的虚功方程。同时 , 引入Hashin三维疲劳失效准则进行材料的损伤判定 , 并结合建立的疲劳加载材料退化模型、 4种基本损伤机制相互关联作用的材料性能退化方法及复合材料接头最终失效判据 , 建立了层合板接头疲劳载荷作用下三维累积损伤分析的寿命预测方法。最后 , 对层合板接头拉2拉疲劳载荷作用下的损伤累积扩展与失效规律进行了仿真分析 , 并与试验结果进行了对比 , 结果表明 : 本文中建立的寿命预测方法能够很好地预测层合板接头的寿命以及损伤发生、扩展及最终失效。      

横向载荷下复合材料层合板疲劳分析

疲劳破坏是结构失效的主要原因之一。基于复合材料各向异性层合板的宏观力学理论,分析在横向交变载荷作用下层合板的应力场。结合材料的S-N曲线和累积损伤原理,建立局部名义应力与结构整体寿命相关联的疲劳寿命预测模型,计算层合板的疲劳损伤和寿命。采用名义应力的方法估算复合材料层合板的疲劳寿命较为便捷和直观。     

复杂面内应力状态下平面编织高铝纤维增强氧化铝基复合材料强度及疲劳寿命预测方法

针对平面编织氧化铝基复合材料提出了一种复杂面内应力状态下的强度准则和疲劳寿命预测方法。通过拉伸、压缩及纯剪切试验,分别获得了材料的静强度指标。考虑材料拉、压性能的差异和面内拉-剪联合作用对材料强度的影响机制,提出了修正的Hoffman强度理论。采用该强度理论预测得到的偏轴拉伸强度与试验结果基本一致,偏差不超过10%。开展了偏轴角θ=0°、15°、30°、45°,应力比R=0.1,频率f=10 Hz的拉伸疲劳试验,试验结果表明随着偏轴角的增加,相同轴向拉伸载荷下的疲劳寿命逐渐降低。由于面内剪切应力分量的作用,疲劳失效由纤维主导逐渐过渡到纤维和基体共同主导的模式。基于单轴疲劳寿命曲线,采用Broutman-Sahu剩余强度模型表征剩余强度随疲劳循环次数的变化规律,结合剩余强度演化模型和修正的Hoffman强度理论,提出了一种面内复杂载荷条件下的疲劳寿命预测模型,并引入疲劳剪切损伤影响因子表征拉-剪应力联合作用对材料疲劳行为的影响。采用本文提出的疲劳寿命预测模型,预测不同偏轴角拉伸疲劳寿命,预测结果与试验结果基本一致,偏差在1倍寿命范围内。比较结果表明在给定应力比、温度和疲劳载荷频率条件下,该疲劳寿命预测模型可以用来预测平面编织氧化铝基复合材料拉-剪复杂面内载荷条件下疲劳寿命。      

铸造金属基复合材料新进展

本文介绍了制造金属基复合材料的压力铸造方法及应严格控制的工艺参数。比较了金属基复合材料与基体合金的铸造性能、机械性能及使用性能等方面的特点,并总结了铝、镁、铜、锌、钛等金属基复合材料在几个领域中的应用情况。     

机织复合材料力学性能的细观分析与实验研究

建立了预测机织复合材料弹性性能和强度的方法并进行了相应的实验研究,系统地研究了织物几何和结构参数对机织复合材料性能的影响,提出了优化机织复合材料弹性性能细观结构参数的选择,完成了具有友好界面的机织复合材料弹性性能分析软件,实验研究了冲击后的拉伸与压缩性能及疲劳剩余强度和寿命,建立了基于有限元分析和失效准则预测冲击能门槛值的方法,给出了预估疲劳寿命的公式,且实验验证了分析方法的正确性。为复合材料技术能更快地转移到飞机结构设计与制造中去提供了一套较完整的基础性数据和理论分析方法及工具。      

单向复合材料弹塑性变形行为的研究

本文利用微观力学方法研究了单向连续纤维增强的金属基复合材料的弹塑性变形行为。纤维是线弹性材料,基体是弹性一粘塑性各向同性材料。在复合材料的纵向拉伸、横向拉伸和纵向剪切变形状态下,预测了复合材料的弹性模量和初始屈服应力值,并考虑了应变率对弹塑性变形行为的影响。以硼/铝复合材料为例,进行了数值分析,预测结果与实验值符合较好。      

Constitutive modelling concerning the effects of particulate shapes for the cyclic deformation of SiCP/6061Al composites at high temperature

Abstract

Based on the Eshelby equivalent inclusion theory and the extended Mori–Tanaka method, a new meso-mechanical cyclic visco-plastic constitutive model was obtained to describe the cyclic deformation of SiC_P/6061Al composites at high temperature. In the proposed model, a thermal recovery term was introduced into the newly developed non-linear kinematic hardening rule to represent the thermal recovery effect of the matrix alloy produced at high temperature. Meanwhile, the Eshelby tensor for ellipsoidal inclusions with different aspect ratios was employed into the new model to reflect the effect of particle shapes on the cyclic deformation of the composites. Finally, the simulated results of the proposed model to the time-dependent monotonic tension and uniaxial cyclic deformation of SiC_P/6061Al composites with different particulate shapes at high temperature was verified to be reasonable by comparing with the corresponding experiment ones and finite element simulations.     

Understanding the influence of particle size on strain versus fatigue life,and fracture behavior of aluminum alloy composites produced by spray deposition

The strain versus fatigue life and fracture behavior of spray-formed Al–Si composites reinforced with SiC particles of two different sizes were studied under total strain amplitudes. Both composites exhibit short low-cycle fatigue (LCF) which follows a Coffin-Manson relationship, and display cyclic hardening at all strain amplitudes. The LCF endurance of the composite with large particles is higher than that of composite containing small particles in the high strain amplitudes, however, at low strains the difference in fatigue endurance between the two composites decreased. Moreover, the decrease in particle size results in a higher degree of hardening at low and middle strains, but reduces the magnitude of hardening at highest strain. Fractographic analysis reveals that particle/matrix debonding is the main mechanism of failure in composite with small particles, while fracture and debonding of SiC particle are predominant in the large particle reinforced composite.     

一种基于混合硬化本构模型的汽轮机轮盘榫槽疲劳寿命预测方法

针对汽轮机转子轮盘的受力特点,以非对称载荷下材料的瞬态应力应变响应为基础,在内变量理论框架下,建立起某型汽轮机轮盘材料的率无关循环塑性本构模型;并结合局部应力应变法,进一步建立了基于混合硬化本构模型(N-5 L1)描述平均应力松弛行为的汽轮机轮盘榫槽疲劳寿命预测方法.通过与实验结果相比较,表明混合硬化本构模型能够较好地...     

Modified shear lag theory based fatigue crack growth life prediction model for short-fiber reinforced metal matrix composites

Closed form expressions for the low cycle and high cycle fatigue crack growth lives have been derived for the randomly-planar oriented short-fiber reinforced metal matrix composites under the total strain-controlled conditions. The modeling was based on fatigue-fracture mechanics theory under both the small scale and the large scale yielding conditions. The modified shear lag theory was considered to describe the effect of yielding strength. The present model is essentially a crack growth model because crack initiation period in short fiber reinforced metal matrix composite is much shorter; hence, not assumed to play a dominant role in the calculation of fatigue crack growth life. The effects of short-fiber volume fraction (V_f), cyclic strain hardening exponent (n′) and cyclic strain hardening coefficient (K′) on the fatigue crack propagation life are analyzed for aluminum based SFMMCs at different levels of cyclic plastic strain values. It is observed that the influence of fatigue crack growth resistance increases with increase in cyclic strain hardening exponent (n′) and decreases when volume fraction (V_f) or cyclic strain hardening coefficient (K′) increases. The present MSL theory based fatigue crack growth life prediction model is an alternative of modified rule of mixture and strengthening factor models. The predicted fatigue life for SFMMC shows good agreement with the experimental data for the low cycle and high cycle fatigue applications.     

Modified Eshelby tensor for an ellipsoidal inclusion imperfectly embedded in an infinite piezoelectric medium

The modified Eshelby tensor for predicting the effective moduli of particle-reinforced piezoelectric composites is derived for the problem of an ellipsoidal inclusion which is imperfectly bonded to the matrix. A linear interface relation is adopted, which involves discontinuities of the mechanical displacements and electric potential across the interface, and assumes that the corresponding jumps are proportional to the continuous stresses and electric displacements at the interface. The piezoelectric field induced by a uniform eigenstrain given only in the inclusion is deduced analytically. As the induced piezoelectric field is no longer uniform, the average strains and electric displacements are calculated, and the modified piezoelectric Eshelby tensor is evaluated by both an iterative method and a direct method. By comparison, it is shown that the iterative method yields rapidly convergent results.     

Effective constitutive equations for fiber-reinforced viscoplastic composites exhibiting anisotropic hardening

Effective elastic-viscoplastic stress-strain relations are derived for fiber-reinforced composites whose constituents are elastic-viscoplastic materials displaying anisotropic hardening. The derivation is based on a recently developed high-order continuum theory with microstructure for the modeling of viscoplastic composites, and is generalized here to incorporate anisotropic hardening effects. A specific reduction of the theory gives the effective rate-dependent elastic-plastic behavior of the composite which exhibits plastic anisotropy. In the special case of perfectly elastic constituents, the approximate overall moduli of the fiber-reinforced composite are obtained. Rate-dependent average stress-strain curves are given for numerous modes of cyclic loading of the composite. The effective behavior of periodically bilaminated viscoplastic composites is determined as a special case.     

Extension of strain–life equation for low‐cycle fatigue of sheet metals using anisotropic yield criteria and distortional hardening model

The fatigue strain–life equation is in general applicable to isotropic materials. It was recently attempted to account for material anisotropy because of crystallographic texture in fatigue modelling. The proposed modification was limited to isotropic hardening. The present work is an extension of the previous work, wherein a general framework to model anisotropy using phenomenological yield criterion and anisotropic hardening is provided. Yld2004‐18p yield criterion and the so‐called homogenous anisotropic hardening model are used to demonstrate the anisotropic cyclic behaviour of low carbon steel. The proposed methodology can be utilized in applications including multiaxial fatigue modelling.     

An incremental damage theory for micropolar composites taking account of progressive debonding and particle size effect

The paper presents an incremental damage model for determining the overall mechanical behaviors of particulate-reinforced micropolar composites. The particle size effect and progressive-debonding damage are fully accounted for within the present framework, which makes use of the micropolar Eshelby’s tensor for characterizing the size-dependent constraint of the matrix microstructure on the particles, a critical stress criterion for the interfacial debonding, and Qiu-Weng’s energy approach, together with Hu’s variation method for the equivalent stress of the matrix. Finally, the present model was applied for the predictions of the overall stress–strain relations of the composites that reinforced by either particles or voids, and are subjected to the uniaxial tension. It is shown that all the predictions are in good agreement with the experiments and finite element computations.     

反应热压(Al2O3+TiB2+Al3Ti)/Al复合材料的低周疲劳行为

采用反应热压法以Al、B₂O₃、TiO₂粉和Al、B、TiO₂粉为原料制备了两种(Al₂O₃+TiB₂+Al₃Ti)/Al复合材料。后一种原料粉制备的复合材料从基体中析出了细小的Al₃Ti相。研究了应变控制原位生成复合材料的室温低周疲劳行为。结果表明,在应变幅较小时(ε_</em>t≤0.3%),不含Al₃Ti析出相的材料表现为循环稳定;而在应变幅较大时(ε_</em>t≥0.4%), 则表现为第一周的循环硬化和随后的循环软化。在所采用的应变幅下,含Al₃Ti析出相的材料均表现为循环稳定。疲劳裂纹萌生部位为Al₃Ti相断裂、Al₃Ti相与基体的界面开裂和基体中微裂纹。疲劳裂纹穿过基体,绕过Al₂O₃、TiB₂质点扩展。两种复合材料的疲劳寿命均符合Coffin-Manson公式。      

单向聚酯帘线增强橡胶材料疲劳特性研究

利用自行建立的试验系统, 首次对单向聚酯帘线增强橡胶材料进行了疲劳测试, 研究了应变、频率和温度对疲劳损伤累积的影响, 并给出了疲劳寿命预报方程, 为评价轮胎的疲劳特性、预报轮胎的疲劳寿命提供了有效的手段。