三维针刺C/C复合材料面内压缩失效行为研究

通过研究三维针刺C/C复合材料面内压缩失效行为,发现应力-应变行为包括起始段的非线性滞弹性、线弹性、非线性损伤及应力下降失效4个阶段,循环加载-卸载实验表明线弹性阶段应力-应变行为的重复性好,而非线性损伤阶段则与加载历程有关。面内压缩失效主要是端部分层脱粘和分层劈裂,受纤维/基体界面结合强度影响较大。     

复合材料圆柱曲板在轴压下的非线性弹性稳定问题

本文在文献[1, 2]的基础上, 考虑了纤维和基体本构关系的非线性, 讨论了正交铺层和±θ角铺层的情况, 采用小弹-塑性形变理论、复合材料微观力学的复合定律和线性稳定理论。得到了求解复合材料园柱曲板在轴压下非线性弹性失稳时临界载荷的算式。给出了算例和讨论及测定单向复合材料层片非线性弹性常数的方案。      

短纤维增强金属基复合材料应力分布的剪切滞后分析

使用弹性理论和剪切滞后分析, 推导出了基体和纤维应力场分布表达式, 研究了纤维体积分数、纤维长径比和基体屈服强度等对应力分布和应力传递的影响。研究表明, 基体和纤维应力分布及基体的塑性行为具有明显的不均匀性, 基体与纤维之间存在明显的应力传递和应变分配。关键词　金属基复合材料, 剪切滞后理论, 应力应变分布      

用Ritz法分析复合材料夹杂黏弹性阻尼材料的应变能

分析了复合材料夹杂黏弹性阻尼材料组成的对称层合板的线性弯曲,其中夹杂的黏弹性阻尼材料作为各向同性材料处理,既考虑面内应变能又考虑横向切应力应变能,用Ritz法研究各应力分量的应变能。以四边夹紧为边界条件的方形板为例,计算并分析了复合材料层和黏弹性层的应变能以及复合结构的损耗因子。结果表明,复合材料层的面内应变能占主要地位,而黏弹性层中xz方向和yz方向的切应力应变能占主要地位。黏弹性层与复合材料层的弹性模量之间的差异对复合结构的损耗因子有重要影响。     

NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学特性

借助Voigt混合律,针对马氏体逆相变过程,建立了NiTi纤维增强Kelvin粘弹性基体与弹性基体两种复合材料的应力-应变关系.在同样的升温过程及应力作用下,对两种复合材料的变形(应变)、约束态NiTi纤维逆相变开始温度进行了分析对比;升温、加载经历一段时间后,限制两种复合材料的应变为固定值,分析其受力特征.分析有助于了解NiTi纤维增强粘弹性基体与弹性基体复合材料的力学性能.     

正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为

采用细观力学方法对正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变行为进行了研究。采用剪滞模型分析了复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场。采用断裂力学方法、 临界基体应变能准则、 应变能释放率准则及Curtin统计模型4种单一失效模型确定了90°铺层横向裂纹间距、 0°铺层基体裂纹间距、 纤维/基体界面脱粘长度和纤维失效体积分数。将剪滞模型与4种单一损伤模型结合, 对各损伤阶段应力-应变曲线进行了模拟, 建立了复合材料强韧性预测模型。与室温下正交铺设陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸应力-应变曲线进行了对比, 各个损伤阶段的应力-应变、 失效强度及应变与试验数据吻合较好。分析了90°铺层横向断裂能、 0°铺层纤维/基体界面剪应力、 界面脱粘能、 纤维Weibull模量对复合材料损伤及拉伸应力-应变曲线的影响。      

纤维增强复合材料弹塑性性能的细观研究

基于Mori-Tanaka方法和Eshelby等效夹杂理论,建立弹性阶段基体和纤维平均应力之间的桥联矩阵,导出了该矩阵各元素的显式。鉴于工程实际材料对柔度矩阵对称性的要求并考虑组分材料物理性能和细观几何特征等因素的影响,对所导出的桥联矩阵进行合理简化。引入与基体等效塑性应变相关联的修正参数,以此确定纤维和基体中应力分配。数值结果表明,本文中建立的复合材料非线性理论模型与实验结果吻合较好。      

纤维对短切碳纤维/AZ91D复合材料热变形行为和加工性能的影响纤维对短切碳纤维/AZ91D复合材料热变形行为和加工性能的影响

采用等温压缩试验研究了不同碳纤维体积分数的镁基复合材料（CFs/AZ91D）和镁合金（AZ91D）在变形温度310~430℃、应变速率10-3~10-1 s-1范围内的塑性变形行为。根据实验结果建立了CFs/AZ91D和AZ91D的热加工图,分析了纤维对CFs/AZ91D塑性加工性能与变形机制的影响。结果表明:相比ZA91D,纤维在提高复合材料流动应力的同时促进了基体动态再结晶和应变软化,但纤维体积分数对流动应力与应变软化程度影响较小,CFs/AZ91D热变形时表现出比ZA91D更高的应变速率敏感指数和变形激活能;ZA91D热加工图不存在变形失稳区且其高温低速率区变形时的能量耗散效率大于30%,CFs/AZ91D高温低应变速率区变形时的能量耗散效率大于50%,此时纤维激励了基体合金动态再结晶而使复合材料表现出极高的能量耗散效率,但在低温高应变速率变形时,基体合金与纤维之间的界面开裂极易导致CFs/AZ91D出现塑性流变失稳行为。      

有界面脱粘时颗粒增强金属基复合材料的弹塑性性能分析

基于Mori-Tanaka理论和Eshelby等效夹杂理论,假定基体和增强相界面结合完好,推导出在力的边界条件下两相复合材料各组成相的应力、应变以及复合材料的体平均应变和应力,并考虑了基体和增强颗粒热膨胀系数引起的热应变以及各相塑性应变的影响.在此基础上,假定基体和复合材料均为各向同性材料,颗粒仅产生弹性变形,基体产生弹塑性变形且满足Mises屈服准则和等向强化准则,由颗粒所受的拉应力控制界面的脱粘,脱粘概率由Weibull分布函数来描述,脱粘后的颗粒等效为孔洞,采用割线模量法讨论了球形颗粒增强金属基复合材料有界面脱粘时的弹塑性性能,理论预测与实验结果吻合较好.     

单向复合材料弹塑性变形行为的研究

本文利用微观力学方法研究了单向连续纤维增强的金属基复合材料的弹塑性变形行为。纤维是线弹性材料,基体是弹性一粘塑性各向同性材料。在复合材料的纵向拉伸、横向拉伸和纵向剪切变形状态下,预测了复合材料的弹性模量和初始屈服应力值,并考虑了应变率对弹塑性变形行为的影响。以硼/铝复合材料为例,进行了数值分析,预测结果与实验值符合较好。      

板壳非线性分析的新理论新方法

提出了板壳非线性分析的新理论新方法。首先建立了下列几个新的本构关系:塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量的新关系,热塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量及温度应变向量增量的新关系,粘塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量的新关系,热粘塑性应变向量增量与总应变向量增量及温度应变向量增量的新关系。这些关系分别称为弹塑性应变增量理论、热弹塑性应变增量理论、弹粘塑性应变增量理论及热弹粘塑性应变增量理论,避开了屈服曲面、加载曲面、流动法则及复杂的非线性应力应变关系。其次建立了非线性样条无网格法,这种方法是以新的本构关系、几何非线性理论、变分原理、广义变分原理、加权残数法及样条离散化为基础建立的,避免了经典本构关系及有限元法带来的巨大困难及缺陷,不仅计算简便,而且精度高,收敛速度很快。建立了板壳非线性分析的统一格式,对板壳的几何非线性分析、材料非线性分析及双重非线性分析都适用。     

材料应变率对圆柱壳轴向冲击屈曲的影响

研究了轴向冲击载荷作用下材料应变率对圆柱壳弹塑性冲击屈曲的影响,采用Ｋａｒｍａｎ－Ｄｏｎｎｅｌｌ运动方程,本构关系采用增量理论,联立Ｃｏｗｐｅｒ－Ｓｙｍｏｎｄｓ关系,求得相应的动屈服应力,借助增量数值计算方法注解运动方程,计算表明：材料的应变率敏感性显著地提高了结构的抗冲击屈曲能力;基于Ｂ－Ｒ准则的屈曲判断方法和采用Ｓｏｕｔｈｗｅｌｌ方法可以获得一致的临界屈曲载荷。     

弹性压应力波作用下矩形薄板动力屈曲解析解

根据板的非线性动力平衡方程和压缩波前附加约束方程,基于双特征参数法和应力波理论,求解了矩形薄板在面内轴向冲击载荷作用下动力屈曲位移的解析解。揭示了矩形薄板动力屈曲过程中板的厚宽比、屈曲模态、冲击载荷大小和临界屈曲长度之间的关系。求得的屈曲模态与之前文献中用差分解得出的结果吻合良好。     

Nonlinear buckling analysis of hygrothermoelastic composite shell panels using finite element method

Hygrothermal stresses due to the change in environmental condition may induce buckling and dynamic instability in the composite shell structures. In the present investigation, the hygrothermoelastic buckling behavior of laminated composite shells are numerically simulated using geometrically nonlinear finite element method. The orthogonal curvilinear coordinate is used for modeling a general doubly curved deep or shallow shell surface. The geometrically nonlinear finite element formulation is based on general nonlinear strain–displacement relations in the orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. The present theory can be applicable to thin and moderately thick shells. The mechanical linear and nonlinear stiffnesses, and the nonmechanical nonlinear geometric stiffness matrices and the hygrothermal load vector are presented. It is also observed that during the present numerical solution of nonlinear equilibrium equation, in order to construct the nonlinear stiffness matrices for the first load step, the initial deformation can be assumed as zero or any computer generated small random number or the properly scaled fundamental buckling mode shape. To verify the present formulations and finite element code, the present results are compared well with those available in the open literature. Parametric studies such as thickness ratio and shallowness ratio on buckling are performed for spherical, truncated conical and cylindrical composite shell panels. The buckling behavior and deflection shapes are characterized by multiple wrinkles along unreinforced direction at higher moisture concentrations or temperature rise.     

Substepping schemes for the numerical integration of elastoplastic stress–strain relations

This paper describes two substepping schemes for integrating elastoplastic stress–strain relations. The schemes are designed for use in finite element plasticity calculations and solve for the stress increments assuming that the strain increments are known. Both methods are applicable to a general type of constitutive law and control the error in the integration process by adjusting the size of each substep automatically. The first method is based on the well-known modified Euler scheme, whereas the second technique employs a high order Runge–Kutta formula. The procedures outlined do not require any form of stress correction to prevent drift from the yield surface. Their utility is illustrated by analysis of typical boundary value problems.     

Elastic-plastic stress-strain calculation in notched bodies subjected to non-proportional loading

An analytical method for calculating notch tip stresses and strains in elastic-plastic isotropic bodies subjected to non-proportional loading sequences is presented. The key elements of the two proposed models are generalized relationships between elastic and elastic-plastic strain energy densities, and the material constitutive relations. These two models form the lower and the upper limits of the actual energy densities at the notch tip. Each method consists of a set of seven linear algebraic relations that can easily be solved for elastic-plastic strain and stress increments, knowing the hypothetical notch tip elastic stress history and the material stress-strain curve. Results of the validation show that the proposed methods compare well with finite element data and each solution set forms the limits of a band within which actual notch tip strains fall.     

Surface stress effects on the critical buckling strains of silicon nanowires

The objective of this paper is to quantify how nanoscale surface stresses impact the critical buckling strains of silicon nanowires. These insights are gained by using nonlinear finite element calculations based upon a multiscale, finite deformation constitutive model that incorporates nanoscale surface stress and surface elastic effects to study the buckling behavior of silicon nanowires that have cross sectional dimensions between 10 and 25 nm under axial compressive loading. The key finding is that, in contrast to existing surface elasticity solutions, the critical buckling strains are found to show little deviation from the classical bulk Euler solution. The present results suggest that accounting for axial strain relaxation due to surface stresses may be necessary to improve the accuracy and predictive capability of analytic linear surface elastic theories.     

Prediction of welding buckling distortion in a thin wall aluminum T joint

In this paper, local and global welding buckling distortion of a thin wall aluminum T joint is investigated. A thermo-elastic–viscoplastic model is employed to determine longitudinal residual stresses; analysis of thermal model and elastic–viscoplastic (Anand) model are uncoupled. Molten puddle motion (speed of welding) is modeled by using time dependent birth and death element method. Three dimensional nonlinear-transient heat flow analysis has been used to obtain the temperature distribution, and then by applying thermal results and using three dimensional Anand elastic–viscoplastic model, stress and deformation distributions are obtained during welding and after cooling. Local buckling is investigated by analyzing the history of stress and strain relations. Local buckling is assumed to occur at a point if a small change in the magnitude of stress causes large deformation during of the welding process. By applying residual stresses on a structural model and using eigenvalue methods, global buckling instability of the welded structure is determined.     

砖砌体双向受力单元非线性分析模式

本文借鉴了前人的试验研究,在假定砌体单元为材料主方向的正交各向异性体的基础上,建立了应力增量和应变增量关系式。并应用正交各向异性体弹性常数转换方法,推导出在应力主方向的切线刚度阵,并由此建立了砖砌体双向受力单元非线性分析模型,应用于墙梁结构计算,与试验结果比较吻合。     

复合材料层合板非线性热屈曲分析

本文基于高阶变形理论和修正型Hahn-Tsai非线性本构模型,提出一种复合材料层合板非线性热屈曲分析方法.针对四边简支反对称角铺设复合材料层合板,导出了非线性热屈曲临界温度封闭解.数值结果表明:材料非线性能显著降低层合板临界温度.