气体流动方式对MPCVD金刚石薄膜均匀性的影响

在实验室自主研制的10 kW微波等离子体化学气相沉积装置上,通过改变气体的进出方式,探讨了气体流动方式对金刚石膜均匀性和质量的影响。结果表明:随着Si基片表面气体分子数增多,等离子体中的H原子和CH活性基团强度增强,扩散到基片表面中心的原子H和含碳活性基团增多,基片中心区域的金刚石膜生长速率略微有所提升,由原来的2.5μm/h提高到2.8μm/h,沉积得到的金刚石膜质量和均匀性均得到改善。     

用EA-CVD方法制备的大尺寸金刚石厚膜的品质和膜厚均匀性的研究

根据金刚石厚膜的实际应用要求,建立了EA-CVD(E lectron Assisted Chem ical Vapor Deposition)方法,制备出直径为80mm,膜厚为1mm以上的大尺寸高品质的均匀金刚石厚膜,其膜厚不均匀性小于5%,热导率不均匀性小于10%,膜片中部和边缘磨耗比基本相同,大约在1.5×105左右。同时研究了制备参数对膜的品质和膜厚均匀性的影响。结果表明:甲烷浓度、工作气压、偏流、灯丝与基片间距等参数对金刚石厚膜的品质和膜厚均匀性都产生影响。辉光等离子体的状态对膜的均匀生长作用明显,较低的工作气压,较大的偏流和较大的灯丝与基片间距有利于气体分解和辉光等离子体的发散,从而导致大面积金刚石厚膜不同位置的品质和膜厚趋于均匀。     

MPCVD金刚石膜装置的研究进展

微波等离子体(MPCVD)法因其独特的优势,成为高速、大面积、高质量制备金刚石膜的首选方法,MPCVD金刚石膜装置的研究受到科研人员和工业界的广泛关注。文章对金刚石膜的性质和各种制备方法进行了简要概述,论述了CVD金刚石膜的生长机理,着重阐述了各种MPCVD装置的结构特点及工作原理,并对各种装置的优、缺点进行了分析。研究结果表明:研制具有高品质因数谐振腔能激发均匀微波等离子体的MPCVD装置,是进一步开发金刚石膜工业化应用所需解决的主要问题。     

类金刚石磁盘保护膜的性能、应用与制备

类金刚石膜在磁盘和读写磁头之上形成一层关键的保护膜.磁存储密度的飞速发展可以使存储密度上限达到1万亿字节/英寸2.这要求读写磁头距离磁盘更近,即需要一层仅1 nm～2 nm厚的类金刚石薄膜.四面体结构的非晶碳膜能够满足磁存储技术的要求,即形成原子尺度平滑、连续、致密,只有几个原子层厚的碳膜.磁过滤阴极弧方法、等离子体增强化学气相沉积方法可用来制备符合要求的超薄碳膜.     

类金刚石膜的电阻率及光吸收特性研究

一、引言类金刚石非晶碳膜具有硬度大、化学稳定、绝缘强度高、对红外光透明等优良特性,得到广泛的应用。人们使用等离子体、离子束和激光束等多种方法制备了类金刚石非晶碳膜。近年来人们对在电子器件方面的应用,特别是作为半导体材料的研究尤为     

直流热阴极PCVD法间歇生长模式制备透明金刚石膜

采用直流热阴极等离子体化学气相沉积(直流热阴极PCVD)方法,通过金刚石膜的间歇生长过程,引入氮原子的作用,实现对非金刚石成份的刻蚀和金刚石膜的择优取向生长,在CH4:N2:H2气氛下制备透明金刚石膜。金刚石膜的间歇式生长分为沉积阶段和刻蚀两个阶段,沉积阶段为20 min,刻蚀阶段为1 min,沉积和刻蚀通过温度的调节来实现,总的生长时间10 h;实验中主要改变的参数是N2气比例,将N2气流量与总气体流量的比例分为高、中、低三档分别进行实验。结果在CH4:N2:H2比例为2:20:180时获得了透明金刚石膜。金刚石膜样品用Raman光谱仪、SEM和XRD进行了表征,研究表明,直流热阴极PCVD间歇生长模式下,通过引入氮原子的作用,可以制备出(111)面取向的透明金刚石膜。     

氧等离子体对金刚石膜的刻蚀研究

用微波放电法产生氧等离子体，通过改变系统中氧的浓度和金刚石膜的温度研究了氧等离子体对CVD多晶金刚石膜刻蚀的影响。实验结果表明：随着氧浓度的增加和金刚石膜温度的提高，刻蚀作用加剧；而在较低的氧浓度和金刚石膜温度条件下金刚石膜的晶界处首先被刻蚀，说明金刚石膜的境界处含有较多的非金刚石碳相。并且从等离子体对(100)和(111)面的刻蚀现象可知(100)面的生长是二维生长，(111)面的生长是岛状生长。     

新型MPCVD装置在高功率密度下高速沉积金刚石膜

使用自行研制的新型MPCVD装置,以H2-CH4为气源,在输入功率为5kW,沉积压力分别为13.33、26.66kPa和不同的甲烷浓度下制备了金刚石膜。利用等离子体发射光谱法对等离子体中的H原子和含碳的活性基团浓度进行了分析。用扫描电镜、激光拉曼谱对金刚石膜的表面和断口形貌、金刚石膜的品质等进行了表征。实验结果表明,使用新型MPCVD装置能够在较高的功率密度下进行金刚石膜的沉积;提高功率密度能使等离子体中H原子和含碳活性基团的浓度明显增加,这将提高金刚石膜的沉积速度,并保证金刚石膜具有较高的质量。     

直流热阴极PCVD法间歇生长模式制备金刚石膜

采用直流热阴极PCVD(Plasma chemical vapor deposition)法间歇生长模式制备金刚石膜,通过加入周期性的刻蚀阶段清除金刚石膜在一定生长期中形成的石墨和非晶碳等杂质,实现了金刚石膜生长的质量调控。间歇式生长过程分为沉积阶段和刻蚀阶段,两个阶段交替进行。采用Raman光谱、SEM和XRD对所制金刚石膜的品质进行了表征,并与同样生长条件下连续生长模式制备的金刚石膜样品进行了比较。结果表明,当单个生长周期为30 min(沉积时间为20 min、刻蚀时间为10 min)时,直流热阴极PCVD法间歇生长模式制备的金刚石膜中的非金刚石相杂质含量低于连续间歇生长模式制备的金刚石膜。     

微波等离子体CVD制备金刚石薄膜的宏观参数讨论

本文研究了微波等离子体化学气相沉积制备金刚石薄膜的宏观控制参量对成核和生 长过程的影响．过高的碳源浓度、低的衬底温度不利于金刚石膜的生长．在金刚石膜的 成核和生长期采用不同的条件，生长出晶形较好的金刚石薄膜。     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

水三相点复现的不确定度评定

水三相点是开尔文热力学温度的唯一基准点，也是ITS-90国际温标重要的定义固定点。因此，水三相点不确定度分析对整个温标的建立、温度量值传递起着至关重要的作用。近3年来，中国计量科学研究院研制出一系列高质量的水三相点容器，加强了水三相点的研究，为不确定度的分析提供了更为可靠的实验依据。同时，不确定度的分析也是客观评价新研制容器性能的一个重要指标。因此，根据实验结果对新研制容器所复现的水三相点进行了不确定度评定。评定结果表明，其扩展不确定度为0．16mK(k=2．69，P=0．99)。