可吸收小夹板内固定治疗髁突骨折的疗效观察

目的:观察颗突骨折应用可吸收小夹板内同定手术后的临床效果。方法：对10例12侧髁突骨折的患者行手术切开解剖式复位，应用可吸收小夹板进行内固定，术后观察骨折复位愈合、张口度及(牙合)关系等情况。结果：全部病例术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合，X线检查髁突复位良好，无断端移位、骨不愈或缓迟愈合表现，术后(牙合)关系恢复良好，下颌功能恢复满意。结论：应用可吸收小夹板治疗髁突骨折，手术可达解剖式复位，固位效果可靠，能自体降解固定材料，无骨折不愈和缓迟愈合表现，其临床治疗效果满意，是髁突骨折较理想的内固定材料。     

双侧下颌骨骨折口内入路坚固内固定临床体会

目的：应用坚固内固定原理治疗双侧下颌骨骨折，并探索口内人路的手术方法。方法：18例患者均采用口内入路暴露下颌骨骨折部位（除升支及髁状突骨折），用钛钉作支抗复位下颌骨骨折，恢复其咬合关系后，用小型钛板作坚固内固定，术后不行颌问结扎。结果：18例伤口均一期愈合，全部病例咬合关系正常，无并发症。结论：双侧下颌骨骨折均采用口内入路，钛钉作支抗辅助复位，行坚固内固定，手术方便，易操作，术后不需颌间结扎。     

双板坚固内固定在髁突骨折手术中的应用及效果评价

目的 探讨双板坚固内固定在下颌骨髁突骨折手术中的应用及效果评价。方法 对28例下颌骨髁突骨折患者行2块钛板坚固内固定术,术后随访拍摄全景片或三维CT,对患者的咬合关系、张口度、张口型、钛板及骨折情况等进行评价。结果 28例患者术后骨折固位良好;咬合关系、张口度、张口型恢复正常;无1例出现钛板变形或断裂、骨折移位;2例出现面神经轻度瘫痪,予以神经营养药物治疗后,3月内恢复正常;2例术后1月出现颞颌关节弹响,取出钛板后好转。结论 双板坚固内固定治疗下颌骨髁突骨折是一种较为理想的方法。     

坚固内固定治疗髁突中低位骨折15例报告

目的:探讨手术切开复位坚固内固定治疗髁突中低位骨折的治疗效果.方法:对15例髁突中低位骨折病例施行开放复位行小型钛板坚固内固定治疗,记录手术前后张口度、面神经损伤及咬合关系恢复情况及术后颞颌关节功能状况,手术前后全颌曲面断层片及CT对比骨折复位与愈合状况.结果:所有患者张口度均＞3 cm,咬合关系良好.关节区疼痛和弹响2例,面神经暂时性损伤4例.影像学检查显示髁突外形良好.结论:髁突中低位骨折明显移位者应用微型钛板内固定可获得满意效果.     

坚固内固定治疗颌面部骨折68例报告

目的：总结应用坚固内固定技术治疗68例面部骨折的经验。方法：对颌骨骨折进行开放复位，骨折断端坚固内固定，部分患者辅以颌间牵引。结果：68例坚固内固定，有63例样后咬合关系及面部形态，功能均恢复较好，占95.5%。结论：坚固内固定作为治疗颌面部骨折的一种方法，弥补了钢丝内固定或闭合复位，颌间牵引固定等方法的不足，缩短了疗程，疗效满意。     

穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部骨折

目的：探讨穿腮腺入路治疗髁颈及髁突基底部的安全性及有效性。方法：对15例（21侧）髁颈及髁突基底部骨折患者选择穿腮腺入路切开复位内固定术。结果：15例患者,21例侧髁突骨折行手术治疗。19例侧髁突骨折选择2块接骨板固定,2例侧选择1块接骨板固定。所有患者伤口均一期愈合,术后复查全口曲面断层片或三维CT示骨折断端对位良好。除1例患侧后牙暂时性轻度开外,所有患者咬合关系恢复良好。术后1个月复查,张口度32～45mm（平均38mm）。3例侧出现面神经损伤症状,术后3个月内均恢复正常,无1例出现永久性面瘫。所有患者均未出现涎瘘、感染等并发症。结论：相对于髁突骨折的颌后及颌下入路,穿腮腺入路行髁突骨折切开复位内固定术,容易暴露,可直视下完成骨折复位固定,是治疗髁颈和髁突基底部骨折安全有效的手术入路。     

下颌髁突矢状骨折髓内髓外双重内固定术的临床应用

目的探讨髓内及髓外双重内固定在下颌髁突矢状骨折开放复位内固定中的应用价值。方法采用髓内髓外双重内固定术治疗18例24侧髁突矢状骨折,固定方法：单一螺钉或克氏针行髓内固定,配合一块钛板行髓外固定,伴发他处骨折者同期行精确复位固定。术后通过拍摄CT和全景X线片评价钛板固定情况、骨折段复位精准度及稳固性,通过临床检查评价咬合关系、开口度、开口型。结果术后X线全景片或CT检查显示,24侧髁突矢状骨折段均未发现术后旋转移位,对位良好;钛板和螺钉无扭曲、折断和松脱。术后咬合关系、开口度、开口型恢复良好。结论髓内髓外双重内固定具有抗骨折段旋转作用,髓内螺钉和髓外钛板在空间上互不干扰,是下颌骨髁突矢状骨折固定的良好方法。     

拉力螺钉内固定治疗髁状突骨折的临床应用

目的 对拉力螺钉内固定治疗髁减突骨折的效果进行评价。方法 对6例6侧状突骨折施行了骨折复位拉力螺钉内固定术，术后观察6－9个月。结果 6例伤口Ⅰ期愈合，1例延迟愈合，5例（7侧）均无关节区疼痛、面部不对称且咬合关系良好。结论 拉力螺钉复位内固定治疗髁突骨折可以及时恢复髁状突解剖形态、生理功能，方法简便可行。     

耳下切口经腮腺入路治疗髁突低位骨折 21 例临床报道

目的：探讨耳下切口穿腮腺入路行髁突低位骨折坚固内固定术的临床效果。方法：通过耳下切13经腮腺入路,对21例22侧髁突低位骨折病例施行开放复位坚强内固定术。术后对患者开口度,咬合关系,面神经功能等进行临床疗效分析。结果：21例患者术后咬合关系均恢复良好,开口度最大4．7cm,最小3．3cm,无张13偏斜病例。有2例出现暂时陛面瘫,经过治疗后2月内恢复。手术3月后复查CT,显示所有病例髁突骨折均解剖复位。结论：耳下切口经过腮腺入路手术治疗髁突低位骨折,伤口隐蔽,术后瘢痕小,且能达到解剖复位和坚强内固定的求。     

头皮半冠状切口在面中份复杂骨折治疗中的应用

目的：探讨面中份复杂骨折手术切口设计和坚固内固定治疗的临床效果。方法：对86例面中份复杂骨折病例进行手术切开复位和坚固内固定,术后对骨折复位、面形、咬合关系、张口度、面瘫等项目进行评估。结果：运用该方法治疗面中份复杂骨折86例,术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合,术后3～6个月复查,面部外形恢复正常,咬合关系恢复正常或接近正常,张口度全部恢复正常,X线或CT复查骨折段均达到解剖复位。结论：头皮半冠状切口隐蔽安全,不影响美观,术野暴露清楚,便于直视下操作,坚固内固定稳定,组织相容性好,是治疗面中份复杂骨折的一种理想切口。     

Use of a temporary screw for alignment and fixation of sagittal mandibular condylar fractures with lateral screws

This study introduced and evaluated the clinical application of a temporary and lateral screw technique for open reduction and internal rigid fixation of sagittal mandibular condylar fractures. A preauricular approach was used to expose the fracture. A temporary screw was used to assist in the anatomical reduction, and a lateral lag screw in combination with a lateral position screw was used for internal rigid fixation. Six adult patients with sagittal condylar fractures and more than 5 mm condylar height shortening were treated. The treatment outcomes were followed up clinically and radiographically for 8–27 months (mean 18 months) postoperatively. There were no complications associated with the operation. All patients recovered favorably with good occlusion, normal movement of the mandible, correct repositioning and rigid fixation of the fragment of the fracture and a good condyle shape on radiographs. The temporary and lateral screw technique is a simple, effective, fast, and minimally invasive surgical treatment for adult sagittal condylar fractures.     

髁突骨折手术治疗的临床研究

目的：探讨手术治疗髁突骨折的适应证、技术要点和并发症的发生因素。方法：回顾分析5年来采用手术治疗的116例髁突骨折病例的临床资料,分别采取切开复位内固定术和髁突摘除术,随访3个月至3年,复查内容包括患者咬合关系、开口度、开口型、神经损伤、颞下颌关节症状、面型和X线检查。结果：外形和功能均显著恢复,113例咬合关系恢复正常,占97.4%;115例张口度恢复正常,占99.1%;X线复查髁突骨折解剖复位率94.8%;15例儿童患者恢复良好,无下颌骨发育障碍等严重并发症发生。结论：坚强内固定技术是治疗髁突骨折的较好方法,严重移位或脱位的儿童髁颈和髁颈下骨折应采用可吸收接骨板进行内固定。     

Transoral endoscopic-assisted management of subcondylar fractures in 17 patients: An alternative to open reduction with rigid internal fixation and closed reduction with maxillomandibular fixation

The authors evaluate the results of transoral endoscopic-assisted open reduction and miniplate fixation of subcondylar fractures. Seventeen patients were treated from August 2005 to April 2007. Inclusion criteria were: adult patients, inability to achieve adequate occlusion with closed reduction, dislocation of the condylar fragment between 10 and 45°, and 2-mm inter-fragment overlapping. Regular panoramic radiographs were taken postoperatively. Transbuccal incisions were used to place the screws for fixation in 15 patients. Pure intraoral access and angulated drills and screwdrivers were used in 2 patients. The condyle was placed into the condylar fossa in all cases. No damage to the facial nerve was observed. No visible scars were present. Mean surgical time was 80.36 minutes. Transitory hyposthesia was observed in 3 cases. Adequate reduction and consolidation of the fracture was achieved in 16 patients. No condylar reabsortion was present at the end of the follow-up period. The authors consider that transoral endoscopic-assisted open reduction constitutes a valid alternative to a transcutaneous approach for the reduction and fixation of subcondylar fractures in selected cases. It provides the benefits of open reduction and internal fixation without the potential complications. Advice is given on how to achieve adequate reduction and stability of the proximal fragment.     

The retromandibular transparotid approach for reduction and rigid internal fixation using two locking miniplates in mandibular condylar neck fractures

We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and morbidity associated with the treatment of displaced mandibular condylar neck fractures using a retromandibular transparotid approach to reduce and rigidly fix using two 2.0-mm locking miniplates. Our surgical inclusion criteria were: patient selection of open reduction and fixation, displaced unilateral condylar fractures with derangement of occlusion, and bilateral condylar fractures with an anterior open bite. The study group consisted of 19 patients who underwent surgery for 19 mandibular condylar neck fractures; patients were analyzed prospectively, with more than 6 months of follow-up, and were evaluated in terms of functional results, scar formation, postoperative complications, and stability of fixation. The results showed that functional occlusion identical to the preoperative condition and correct anatomical reduction of the condylar segments in centric occlusion, followed by immediate functional recovery, was achieved in all patients. No patient suffered from any major or permanent complication postoperatively, although there were two cases (11%) of temporary facial nerve palsy, which resolved completely within 3 months. Surgical scars were barely visible. The retromandibular transparotid approach with open reduction and rigid internal fixation for displaced condylar neck fractures of the mandible is a feasible and safe, minimally invasive surgical technique that provides reliable clinical results.     

Transmasseteric anterior parotid approach for condylar fractures: experience of 129 cases

We have evaluated the transmasseteric anterior parotid (TMAP) approach in the treatment of 163 condylar fractures in 129 patients. Ninety-five patients presented with unilateral, and 34 with bilateral, fractures. The inclusion criteria were patient's choice for open reduction and internal fixation, displaced unilateral condylar fractures with occlusal derangement, and displaced bilateral condylar fractures with anterior open bite. Mean (SD) maximum interincisal opening after 3 months was 44(5)mm. There were no differences in lateral movements during the reviews 6 weeks and 3 months postoperatively. Protrusive movement at the end of 3 months was 7(2)mm. All patients achieved functional occlusion identical to the pretraumatic occlusion and good reduction of the condyles. No patient developed temporary or permanent facial palsy, sialocele, salivary fistula, or Frey syndrome. The mean (SD) operating time was 46(11)min. The TMAP approach avoids the complications of incision of the parotid gland, minimises the risk of facial nerve palsy, and offers excellent access to the fractured condyle.     

经腮腺入路复位固定下颌骨骨折

目的：探讨经腮腺入路行髁突低位骨折和下颌支骨折切开复位内固定的可行性。方法：对22例低位髁突骨折和4例下颌支骨折采用经腮腺入路行切开复位内固定术。结果：26例（100％）均使用2块接骨板固定,26（100％）例咬合关系基本恢复到伤前情况,术后开口度26～48mm（平均38．3mm）。2例（8％）出现面神经颊支损伤症状,3个月内均恢复正常,未出现面神经永久损伤病例及涎漏等并发症。结论：经腮腺人路行髁突低位骨折和下颌支骨折解剖复位坚强内固定,视野暴露好,复位固定可靠,面神经损伤较少。     

Severe bone resorption and osteoarthrosis after miniplate fixation of high condylar fractures. A clinical and radiologic study of thirteen patients

Thirteen cases of high condylar fracture treated by open reduction and fixation with miniplates were monitored for an average of 18 months postoperatively. Satisfactory functional results were achieved clinically in all but one patient. Radiologically, however, signs of condylar resorption and osteoarthrosis were diagnosed in all patients. In four patients with associated multiple fractures of the facial bones, rapid complete resorption of the condyle was observed. These changes were markedly more severe than those observed in our previous study, in which osteosynthesis was performed by transosseous wiring and subsequent intermaxillary fixation for 3 to 7 weeks. Indications for rigid and nonrigid fixation in the surgical treatment of condylar fractures are discussed.     

髁突多发性骨折微型钛板内固定的近期观察

目的:观察髁突多发性骨折后,微型钛板内固定的疗效。方法:8例11侧髁突多发性骨折病例,术中将多发性骨折的髁突1.0cm以上的骨折片复位,微型钛板固定,基本恢复解剖形态。结果:本组病例术后张口度基本正常,前伸运动、侧向运动无障碍,咬合关系基本正常。结论:微型钛板内固定可有效的治疗髁突多发性骨折。     

下颌骨髁突骨折术后并发症的临床研究

目的:探讨手术治疗髁突骨折与并发症发生的关系及预防措施。方法:回顾分析采用手术治疗的116例(146侧)髁突骨折病例的临床资料,以开口度、开口型、咬合关系、咀嚼功能、面神经损伤和术后瘢痕等作为术后评价标准;对患者的术前、术后、以及随访的影像片进行数字化分析.随访时间3个月~20年。结果:116例髁突骨折病人中,采取切开复位坚强内固定术86例和髁突摘除术30例。手术开放复位坚强内固定(ORIF)的研究组中,手术进路及固定方式与并发症的发生关系密切,这些并发症包括颞下颌关节紊乱病,下颌偏斜,面神经损伤,术后瘢痕,以及咬合关系紊乱,张口受限甚至关节强直等。结论:根据髁突骨折的分型选择正确的手术方法;髁突骨折手术切开复位坚强内固定效果较好,但不同类型的髁突骨折应选用不同的手术进路及合适的复位固定方法,以最大限度地预防及减少术后并发症的发生。