历史街区可持续再生城市设计绩效的社会评估——北京南锣鼓巷地区开放式城市设计实践

构建城市规划的社会评估体系是实现完整的城市规划评估过程不可缺少的部分。本文以北京南锣鼓巷地区开放式城市设计实践为例,构建了适于我国的历史街区可持续再生规划绩效的社会评估体系。本文利用该评估体系,分析评估了主体在南锣鼓巷地区可持续再生城市设计实施过程的参与程度、对地方形象和城市设计定位的认可度及对城市设计实施效果的满意度,总结了城市设计实施的经验与问题,衡量了城市设计实施后地区的社会知名度与影响力。最后,对城市设计过程后期实施措施进行了相应的优化调整。     

国际化与本土化冲撞下的城市景观问题

在当今中国经济文化高速发展下的城市现代化进程，必然受到国际趋势的强烈影响，与本土的文化交流冲撞充分地体现在中国城市景观问题中：从城市规划、城市设计、建筑设计三个层面归纳这些问题，并试图对其症结进行分析。     

城市风貌规划物质层面系统内容研究

城市风貌规划包含内容较多,分别从其物质内容的总体层面和分系统层面,在自然山水环境保护和利用、城市建筑风格、城市建筑色彩、城市建筑高度与天际线、城市道路、滨河景观、历史文化景观风貌、城市雕塑、夜景照明、城市户外广告系统等方面,就规划内容和方法、规划依据、规划目的和意义等方面进行论述,以期对城市风貌规划物质层面内容有一系统认识,指导实践,营造城市风貌特色。     

At the Crossroads between Urban Planning and Urban Design: Critical Lessons from Three Italian Case Studies

Planning experiences in Milan, Rome and Bologna are presented as critical laboratories for discussing new directions in research at the crossroads between urban planning and urban design. Drawing on these cases, it is suggested that issues tied to physical design are crucial in managing contemporary planning processes. The medium- and long-term strategy of a city can become effective through the design of a structural and spatial vision that takes into account morphological aspects and coherently prioritizes a set of development projects. Planning codes and urban policy tools can be improved through the preliminary control of typological and morphological requirements. In this sense, typical urban design themes and problems require further attention in both theoretical debates as well as in planning practice.     

多元文化冲击下的城市景观规划设计

阐述了我国城市景观存在的危机,以天津为例,论述了天津景观规划设计中存在的问题,并对造成这些问题的原因进行了分析,同时提出了景观规划设计的建议,为创造出独具特色的城市景观提供了理论指导。     

基于大规模街景图片人工智能分析的精细化城市修补方法研究

在中国快速城镇化阶段"重量"而"轻质"的建设过程中,城市建成区尤其是老城区的景观环境产生了诸如景观视廊受阻、风貌破败等大量问题。对此,自2015年中央城市工作会议以来,各地相继开展了城市修补专项规划,以修复及更新城市建成环境,促进城市空间品质提升。然而,由于缺乏对城市环境整体效应的统筹考虑,故在城市实际修补过程中,城市局部地块的品质提升反而对城市整体品质构成负面影响。因此,在人工智能及大数据技术深度介入城市规划和设计实践探索的基础上,研究基于全卷积神经网络模型(FCN)和城市场景要素深度学习数据集,对城市景观环境中的各要素进行了大规模且高颗粒度的精确识别,同时与空间数据叠加,对复杂建成环境中的景观问题进行精确分析,并基于分析成果辅助后续城市规划设计实践,逐层递进地对城市复杂建成环境进行精细化修补。选择位于嵩山脚下的登封市作为案例,探索人工智能技术在辅助城市修补等规划领域的前瞻性应用。     

城乡规划专业公园设计课教学改革初步实践与思考——以贵州大学城乡规划专业三年级教学实践为例

文章结合贵州大学城乡规划专业三年级公园设计课教学改革的初步实践活动,分析了课程现存问题,探讨了教学改革的方法和过程,运用观察、访谈和问卷调查等手段对教学改革的效果进行了研究,并对如何深化改革提出了建议。实践证明,公园设计课教学改革对构建城乡规划专业的风景园林学知识体系、提高设计课教学质量、培养城乡规划专业新型人才具有积极作用。     

城市规划应对气候变化的适应发展战略——英国等国的经验

通过分析当今国际上以英国等国为例的城市规划应对气候变化的适应发展方法与策略,论述城市规划作为发展战略的重要专业工具,需要在规划的政策管理体系、规划编制的内容与方法、场地规划的基础设施适应设计三个方面进一步深化研究适应发展战略,以提高城市系统的恢复能力。     

总体城市设计中山体景观眺望体系构建研究——以武夷山市为例

建构山体景观眺望体系是山地城市总体城市设计的关键技术环节。面临结构性控制和个体体验结合、眺望景观评估和遴选的科学性、视觉模拟和现实场景的互动校合、视觉美学与城市开发的优化博弈等一系列技术难题。针对上述困境,以福建省武夷山市总体城市设计为例,围绕山体景观眺望体系建构,多维模拟城市天际线、借助GIS工具遴选和评估视廊、加强规划导控等层面展开技术探索。     

Built Landscapes of Metropolitan Regions: An International Typology

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Built landscapes—patterns of streets, blocks, parcels of land, buildings, and related infrastructure at the scale of an urban neighborhood or greater—are often difficult for decision makers and the public to understand, especially within the complex "collage city" of the postmodern era. Yet understanding the variety of these forms can help stakeholders make wise choices regarding how to plan and design urban regions in the future to meet goals such as livability and sustainability. Based on aerials, maps, and images available through Google and other sources, I develop a typology of built landscape forms found within 24 metropolitan regions worldwide and use GIS to map these forms and compare regions. The analysis shows that 27 basic types of built landscape make up metropolitan regions worldwide, of which nine are very common. Traditional urban types now make up a small fraction of most metropolitan areas worldwide, while suburban and exurban forms comprise the vast majority of the land area. There are noted regional differences in the mix of built landscape types.

Takeaway for practice: Each built landscape form offers challenges and opportunities for planning objectives such as livability and sustainability. It is important for planners to a) help the public and decision makers understand built landscapes and their implications; b) include landscape-scale elements, such as street patterns and networks of green infrastructure, when framing urban development alternatives; c) ensure that local codes and design guidelines enable desired forms of built landscapes and discourage those that are problematic for sustainability; and d) encourage built landscape change that promotes sustainability.     

Planning Rural-Urban Landscapes: Railways and Countryside Urbanisation in South-West Flanders,Belgium (1830–1930)

In the international literature on today’s urban condition, Flanders is presented as prime example of urban sprawl, generally described as unplanned incremental development induced by the quantum leap of private car ownership. The research on rural-urban landscapes in south-west Flanders qualifies and substantiates this assertion by analysing pre-war keystone processes of infrastructure planning in relation to land-use patterns and landscape transformations. The research reveals that not only the development of rural-urban landscapes reaches back far beyond the welfare state, fuelled by railways prior to highways, but also shows that the supposedly chaotic hybrid landscape has its roots in drawn-out landscape ideologies inscribed in public works policy. The analysis—which crosses the divides between disciplines (landscape and infrastructure planning), concepts (rural-urban, modern-traditional), and geographical scales (national, regional, local)—reveals consistently planned mechanisms of public works policy and landscape change underlying both the diffuse regional urbanisation patterns and local landscape transformations, which are generally perceived as spontaneous or vernacular developments. Infrastructure planning facilitated a spatial organisation that attributed centrality to the transport network rather than the metropolis, and that conceived a resilient infrastructure framework rather than a stylistic spatial constellation in order to steer and geographically root heterogeneous modernisation processes within the landscape.     

浅谈城市中心滨水区游憩空间规划设计

以吴江西塘河景观游憩规划为例,从如何在有限的空间内对滨水地区做好规划设计,改善城市面貌,增添市民游憩空间等方面着手,对城市中心滨水区的景观游憩设计的一些基本方法进行了阐述,以指导实践。     

基于生态系统的适应在气候变化适应性城市多尺度合作雨洪管理中的实践——以哥本哈根为例

气候变化已成为城市可持续发展的关键挑战。面对该问题,越来越多的学者和从业者关注了基于生态系统的适应（EbA）概念,将其作为管理区域生态系统服务、提高生态系统服务适应能力的高效并且可持续的手段予以推广。然而,目前鲜有研究关注EbA措施在气候变化适应性城市建设中在多尺度上与各利益相关者的合作规划实践。通过定性方法弥补EbA在城市多尺度气候适应计划实践这一领域应用研究的缺失,以欧洲著名的气候变化适应性城市以及欧洲绿色首都哥本哈根市为研究对象,分析了EbA如何纳入当地气候变化适应计划并在多个尺度上予以实施。回顾了EbA发展与其在欧洲的应用现状,分析了哥本哈根市气候变化适应政策以及EbA在市域、社区、单体建筑3个尺度的合作应用,并且通过分析哥本哈根市第一个气候弹性社区的案例,阐释哥本哈根市如何通过政府、企业、公民等多方利益相关者的合作规划将EbA措施应用于当地气候变化适应性城市建设。最后,总结了哥本哈根市多尺度气候变化适应合作规划中的EbA实践经验：1）项目前的深入数据准备和分析;2）EbA措施与城市空间景观设计的紧密结合;3）多个利益相关方协调,促进公众参与。加深了对EbA提升城市生态系统服务建设适应气候变化的城市的理解,并在面对气候变化挑战问题上,为包括中国城市在内的其他城市提供了启示与借鉴。     

顺应与提升：费城铁路工业遗址景观再生

近年来,针对铁路工业遗址的改造与再利用案例的研究不断拓展,体现出在规划与设计方面逐渐以风景园林为主导的趋势,成为城市工业历史街区更新的重要议题。以费城铁路公园(The Rail Park)整体规划为案例,围绕城市开放空间系统布局、工业历史街区更新、空间营造3个层级来分析铁路公园的规划与设计。铁路公园体现出与城市开放空间系统的连通性较强、沿线城市街区差异性明显、场地空间特征性突出的特点,其规划与设计能够顺应各区段独特的周边城市环境与场地空间条件,采用和而不同、因地制宜的设计理念,进而有助于提升城市空间品质、促进经济发展、加强文化建设。铁路公园的规划与设计为城市工业历史街区更新与工业遗址景观再生提供了新的思路。     

滨水景观区总体城市设计的理论与方法研究探索——西湖案例

相当多的城市依水而生、因水而兴,滨水景观的设计直接影响人们的生活质量和环境,滨水区在城市中拥有重要的经济、文化与生态价值。在城市设计中,城市滨水景观设计以往重点多放在静态景观空间上,而忽视了对城市景观空间的动态考量,特别是忽略了人们随机漫游的视觉空间体验,尤其是在滨水游憩与湖面泛舟的人群,其视点由于具有随机动态性而难以捕捉,使得以其动态活动为基础的设计难以入手。本文以西湖为案例范本,针对西湖的核心问题,梳理城市眺望体系的相关国际规划理论和实践,系统提出"人-城-湖"三者互动的滨水望城的动态设计理论与技术,对其天际轮廓、动态游览路线、视觉感受、景观廊道、空间形态等关键问题进行分析,在一定程度上构筑中国式滨水景观总体城市设计的理论与方法范本。     

Developing strategic planning schemes for urban regeneration through mixed-use development in Seoul

Whilst the generic visions and directions of urban regeneration in cites are well documented, far less is understood about the strategic approaches to this issue which are being used in specific urban contexts. This paper investigates strategic planning schemes (SPSs) and visions for mixed-use development to support urban regeneration in Seoul (South Korea), using a combination of a literature review and a survey. The results contribute to understanding the construction of SPSs for future urban development as well as to improving strategic planning for urban regeneration on a wider scale.     

城市景观持续规划设计与实践——以兰州市为例

城市景观是天然与人工、历史与时代共同的产物 ,但规划设计是关键 ,只有精心探索 ,方能有机会使城市自然与人和谐、现代与历史文脉相承。本文主要以典型的河谷带状城市兰州市为例 ,讨论城市景观规划设计与实践问题。根据林奇关于城市景观形象经典理论的精华 ,分析评价了兰州市景观规划建设的主要特点 ,提出兰州城市景观持续规划设计与实践的方向 ,以期对我国城市建筑环境发展有所启迪     

城乡规划专业公园设计课程教学改革的初步实践与思考——以贵州大学城乡规划专业三年级教学实践为例

结合贵州大学城乡规划专业三年级公园设计课程教学改革,分析该课程教学存在问题,探讨教学改革的方法和过程,通过观察、访谈和问卷调查等手段对教学改革效果进行研究,并就如何深化改革提出建议。实践证明,公园设计课程教学改革对构建城乡规划专业风景园林学知识体系,提高设计课教学质量,培养城乡规划专业新型人才具有积极作用。     

The emerging role of visual resource assessment and visualisation in landscape planning in Switzerland

The evolution of our understanding of landscape planning and therefore of landscape as a visual resource occurred in parallel with the changes of perception of spatial planning (urban and regional planning), since landscape planning is part of spatial planning. Already in the 1970s the visual landscape was an issue in spatial planning. This can be traced back to the romantic period when the close emotional ties with one’s home country were very important.With the emerging discussion at the end of the 1970s about ecology and ecological planning, more and more the components of natural science of ecological planning were discussed, at the expense of the visual landscape and aesthetics. With the improvement of the possibilities of the digital 3-dimensional (3D) representation of landscape, it seems that landscape as visual resource has once again become more important in the discussion. 3D visualisation will support participation in the planning process and will become an important part of decision support systems in spatial planning. The use of virtual landscapes will help to study processes in the landscape such as fragmentation of landscape and/or urban sprawl.     

新一级学科划分背景下城市设计教学探讨

在建筑学、城乡规划学和风景园林学成为人居环境学科门类下三个独立一级学科的背景下,城市设计在三个一级学科中的定位各不相同,三个学科专业对城市设计的研究内容和成果的认识也具有较大的差异,导致在城市设计教学和工程实践中存在诸多争议.本文通过对城市设计学科内涵的探讨,提出城市设计教学的目标,并针对城市设计教学过程中存在的问题,从观念转变和体制突破两个角度提出解决对策.