儿童血液病化疗并发脓毒症60例临床分析

目的 分析总结血液病患儿化疗后并发脓毒症的病原菌种类、药敏特点和临床特征,以指导临床合理用药.方法 以65例次化疗后合并脓毒症患儿为病例组,回顾分析其血培养病原菌的分布和药敏特点,以同期55例化疗后发热但未合并脓毒症患儿为对照组,分析2组患儿发热时中性粒细胞计数(ANC),中性粒细胞缺乏期持续时间及其预后.结果 血液病化疗后合并脓毒症患儿的主要致病菌是革兰阴性杆菌(52例次),分别为铜绿假单胞菌(20例次)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(12例次)、大肠埃希菌(11例次)、嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(4例次)、肠杆菌(3例次)和沙门菌(2例次).革兰阴性杆菌对美罗培南最敏感,对复方磺胺甲唑最易耐药.培养出革兰阳性球菌13例次,分别为凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(7例次)、金黄色葡萄球菌(3例次)和肠球菌(3例次).革兰阳性菌对万古霉素最敏感,对青霉素和红霉素最易耐药.ANC＜0.5×109 L-1或中性粒细胞缺乏持续时间＞7 d的患儿更易合并脓毒症.脓毒症组患儿有7例合并感染性休克,预后差.对照组患儿治疗后体温正常.结论 革兰阴性杆菌为儿童血液病化疗后脓毒症的主要致病菌,脓毒症的发生与ANC及中性粒细胞缺乏持续的时间有关.     

儿童急性白血病合并败血症56例分析

目的：探讨儿童急性白血病（AL）治疗中合并败血症的原因及治疗方法。方法2011年1月至2014年7月入住安徽医科大学第二附属医院儿科的血培养阳性的AL患儿56例，分析其发病因素、病原学、耐药情况、治疗方法及疗效。结果56例患儿中，急性淋巴细胞白血病32例，急性非淋巴细胞白血病22例，混合表型急性白血病（淋髓混合型）2例。常见感染途径依次是消化道、呼吸道、口腔，高发时间为诱导化疗阶段。中性粒细胞计数＜0.5×109／L持续时间一周以上患儿败血症发生率显著升高。血培养病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌多见，前三位分别为大肠埃希氏菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌，其中产ESBL（超广谱β-内酰胺酶）大肠埃希氏菌9例（16％），产ESBL肺炎克雷伯杆菌2例（4％），对美罗培南、亚胺培南等碳青酶烯类药物均敏感。结论 AL患儿败血症的发生与化疗阶段、中性粒细胞缺乏时间等诸多因素相关。病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌多见，常见的感染途径为消化道和呼吸道。     

儿童急性白血病院内感染临床观察

目的分析急性白血病(AL)患儿院内感染的临床特点及血培养阳性细菌对抗生素的敏感性,探讨其防治措施。方法回顾性分析住院AL患儿院内感染的发生率;细菌感染血培养阳性与化疗时期的关系,血培养阳性患儿与阴性患儿外周血白细胞计数、血小板计数、粒细胞计数绝对值的差异,血培养阳性细菌对抗生素的耐药性及敏感性。结果 AL患儿院内感染的发生率为45.5%(112/246),其中血培养阳性率为25.0%(28/112)。血培养阳性患儿的外周血白细胞计数为(1.05±1.17)×109/L,血小板计数为(55.57±27.57)×109/L,中性粒细胞计数绝对值为(0.13±0.33)×109/L,中性粒细胞减少持续时间为(8.46±3.40)d;血培养阴性患儿的白细胞计数为(2.72±3.00)×109/L,血小板计数为(117.80±133.60)×109/L,中性粒细胞计数绝对值为(1.02±2.34)×109/L,中性粒细胞减少持续时间为(2.48±0.62)d,各项指标在血培养阳性组与阴性组之间的差异有显著性。血培养中的葡萄球菌属、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌对青霉素类、头孢三代抗生素、红霉素的耐药率均比较高,葡萄球菌属对替考拉宁和万古霉素相对较敏感,大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南敏感性较高,铜绿假单胞菌对亚胺培南和复方新诺明较敏感。结论本研究结果提示,AL患儿骨髓抑制易发生感染。AL患儿考虑革兰阴性菌感染可选择碳青霉烯类,考虑革兰阳性菌感染可选择替考拉宁和万古霉素,必要时进行细菌药敏物敏感试验,进一步提高治疗效果。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病复发患儿的特征分析

目的 了解CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)复发患儿的临床特征。方法 选取2008 年4 月至2013 年6 月间初诊为儿童ALL,并接受CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗的591 例患儿,回顾性分析并随访观察其中80 例复发患儿的临床特征。结果 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后标危组、中危组、高危组复发率分别为7.0%、10.7%、28.7%(P<0.05)。TEL/AML1 阳性ALL 患儿复发率为8.0%,其复发患儿5 年预期总生存率(OS)为37.04%;MLL 阳性与BCR/ABL 阳性ALL 患儿复发率分别为35.0% 和24.2%,5 年OS 为0。复发者以超早期为主,占53%,超早期复发者5 年OS 为0;早期和晚期复发分别占34% 和14%,其5 年OS 分别为11.44% 和60.00%。复发部位以单纯骨髓复发为主(83%),单纯骨髓复发患儿5 年OS 为9.23%;骨髓伴有骨髓外复发患儿占11%,其5 年OS 为25.00%;单纯骨髓外复发患儿占6%,其5 年OS 为100%。T 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为9.5%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为0;B 细胞型ALL 患儿复发率为14.3%,其复发患儿5 年OS 为15.52%。结论 CCLG-ALL2008 方案治疗后高危组患儿复发率较高;MLL、BCR/ABL 等基因阳性是高危复发因素。免疫分型与复发率无明显相关性。早期复发、单纯骨髓复发、T 细胞型ALL 复发及伴有BCR/ABL、MLL 等基因异常者复发后生存率极低。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴性白血病单中心疗效分析

目的分析CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)的单中心疗效,为改进该方案提供临床依据。方法符合入组标准的100例ALL患儿,接受了CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗,回顾性分析治疗结果及治疗相关毒副作用。结果 100例中低危ALL 49例,中危23例,高危28例。诱导缓解率97%。化疗期间发生严重感染24例(24%),并发大脑后部可逆性脑病综合征(PRES)6例,发生治疗相关死亡(TRM)8例。本组病人的2年和5年累积复发率均为(12%±0.04),2年和5年总体生存率(0S)均为(83%±0.04),2年和5年无事件生存率(EFS)均为(79%±0.04)。低危组与高危组间0S差异有显著性(χ~2=12.026,P=0.001);低危组与高危组间EFS差异有显著性(χ~2=14.291,P=0.000),中危组与高危组间EFS差异亦有显著性(χ~2=5.356,P=0.021)。影响生存的主要因素是诱导期严重感染所致TRM、疾病复发以及病人治疗途中失访。结论 CCLG-ALL 2008方案治疗儿童ALL完全缓解率高、复发率低,降低诱导期严重感染所致TRM,减少高危疾病复发,并改进高危病人综合管理以使病人能接受完整治疗,可进一步提高生存率。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热单中心血流感染病原菌分析

目的 分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)血流感染的临床特点、危险因素和病原菌分布。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日上海交通大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的ALL化疗后发生FN住院患儿的临床资料和血培养结果,分析菌株的分布及药敏特点。结果 纳入ALL患儿312例,FN1 548例次,共送检1 700例次血培养,血培养阳性率7.5%(127/1 700),血流感染发生率8.2%(127/1 548),病死率9.4%(12/127)。血流感染革兰阳性菌51.1%(65/127),革兰阴性菌47.2%(60/127),真菌1.5%(2/127)。革兰阴性菌血流感染与革兰阳性菌血流感染比较,ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1的患儿占比(P=0.041)和感染性休克发生率更高(P=0.002)。2012~2016年铜绿假单胞菌构成比较2007~2011年增加(χ²=4.712,P=0.030)。ALL的危险程度分层IR/HR(OR=2.560,P=0.045)和ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1(OR=0.754,P=0.025)是血流感染发生的独立危险因素。结论 ALL患儿发生FN时血流感染病原菌阳性率较高(8.2%),以革兰阳性菌感染为主。在严重粒细胞缺乏时以革兰阴性菌血流感染为主,铜绿假单胞菌感染有增加趋势,合并感染性休克是FN死亡的独立危险因素。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热单中心血流感染病原菌分析

目的 分析儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)化疗后中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)血流感染的临床特点、危险因素和病原菌分布。方法 回顾性分析2007年1月1日至2016年12月31日上海交通大学附属儿童医院血液肿瘤科收治的ALL化疗后发生FN住院患儿的临床资料和血培养结果,分析菌株的分布及药敏特点。结果 纳入ALL患儿312例,FN1 548例次,共送检1 700例次血培养,血培养阳性率7.5%(127/1 700),血流感染发生率8.2%(127/1 548),病死率9.4%(12/127)。血流感染革兰阳性菌51.1%(65/127),革兰阴性菌47.2%(60/127),真菌1.5%(2/127)。革兰阴性菌血流感染与革兰阳性菌血流感染比较,ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1的患儿占比(P=0.041)和感染性休克发生率更高(P=0.002)。2012~2016年铜绿假单胞菌构成比较2007~2011年增加(χ²=4.712,P=0.030)。ALL的危险程度分层IR/HR(OR=2.560,P=0.045)和ANC<0.1×10⁹·L^-1(OR=0.754,P=0.025)是血流感染发生的独立危险因素。结论 ALL患儿发生FN时血流感染病原菌阳性率较高(8.2%),以革兰阳性菌感染为主。在严重粒细胞缺乏时以革兰阴性菌血流感染为主,铜绿假单胞菌感染有增加趋势,合并感染性休克是FN死亡的独立危险因素。     

儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗相关严重不良反应的临床分析

目的 分析CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗儿童急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）合并严重不良反应（SAE）的临床特点，探讨患儿发生SAE后死亡的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年6月确诊并接受CCCG-ALL-2015方案化疗的734例ALL患儿化疗过程中发生SAE的临床特点，将发生SAE的ALL患儿分为死亡组（n=25）和存活组（n=31），采用多因素logistic回归分析ALL患儿发生SAE后死亡的危险因素。结果 734例ALL患儿中，56例（7.6%）化疗后发生SAE（66例次），高发于诱导缓解治疗阶段（41例次）。感染相关SAE发生46例次（70%），包括脓毒性休克25例次（38%），重症肺炎20例次（30%），重症水痘1例次（2%）；感染相关SAE患儿中多数存在中性粒细胞缺乏（87%）。最常见的感染部位为血液系统和呼吸系统，最常见的病原微生物依次是革兰阴性菌、病毒、真菌和革兰阳性菌。出血相关SAE发生16例次（24%），包括消化道出血11例次（17%），肺出血4例次（6%），颅内出血1例次（2%）。734例ALL患儿中死亡66例（9.0%），25例患儿因SAE死亡，治疗相关病死率为3.4%，感染（72%）和出血（24%）是主要原因，合并重症肺炎是ALL患儿发生治疗相关死亡的独立危险因素（OR=4.087，95% CI：1.161~14.384，P=0.028）。结论 CCCG-ALL-2015方案治疗儿童ALL相关SAE主要发生于诱导缓解化疗阶段，感染相关SAE较多见。重症肺炎是ALL患儿发生治疗相关死亡的独立危险因素，需重视合并重症肺炎的治疗。     

CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗10岁以上儿童及青少年急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效分析

目的 探讨CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗10岁以上儿童及青少年初诊急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）的长期疗效。方法 收集2008年4月至2015年4月采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗的150例10岁以上ALL患儿的临床资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析评估患儿总体生存（OS）率和无事件生存（EFS）率。结果 150例患儿中,男87例（58.0%）,女63例（42.0%）,中位年龄11（10~15）岁;中危患儿84例（56.0%）,高危患儿66例（44.0%）;B-ALL患儿122例（81.3%）,T-ALL患儿28例（18.7%）;融合基因检测阳性51例（34.0%）,其中BCR-ABL阳性16例（31%）,TEL-AML1阳性11例（22%）,E2A-PBX1阳性8例（16%）,其他基因阳性16例（31%）。采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗1个疗程完全缓解率为96.0%（144/150）。150例患儿中位随访时间为52（3~122）个月,5年OS率为79.0%±3.5%,5年EFS率为67.3%±4.1%。中危患儿和高危患儿,以及B-ALL患儿和T-ALL患儿间5年OS率及5年EFS率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。诱导治疗结束时骨髓达完全缓解患儿的5年OS率及5年EFS率均高于骨髓未达完全缓解者（P < 0.05）。结论 10岁以上儿童及青少年ALL患儿采用CCLG-ALL2008方案治疗,其完全缓解率高,5年OS率及EFS率均较高。诱导治疗后未达到完全缓解患儿预后不良。     

伊马替尼治疗儿童Ph阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病的疗效和安全性

目的 研究GGLG-08方案联合络氨酸激酶抑制剂(TKI)-伊马替尼治疗儿童Ph阳性急性淋巴细胞白血病(Ph+ ALL)的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2008年10月至2013年12月初诊年龄<15岁的53例Ph+ ALL患儿的临床资料,给予患儿CCLG-ALL2008(高危组 HR)方案化疗(HR组,26例)或伊马替尼联合CCLG-ALL2008(高危组 HR)方案化疗(TKI+HR组,27例),比较两组的疗效及不良反应。结果 TKI+HR组诱导治疗后完全缓解(CR)率为100%,诱导期相关病死率为0;HR组CR率为75%,诱导相关病死率为15%;HR组3年无事件生存率(EFS)为(6±5)%;TKI+HR组5年EFS为(52±11)%。与HR组比较,TKI+HR组未增加化疗相关毒性,诱导期感染发生率反而下降。结论 伊马替尼的应用使儿童Ph+ ALL的临床疗效获得明显改善,同时具有良好的安全性。     

儿童急性白血病合并脓毒症69例分析

目的探讨儿童白血病治疗中出现脓毒症(败血症)的原因及治疗对策。方法对白血病患儿化疗后出现血培养阳性的病原学、临床表现、相关因素、治疗方法与疗效进行分析。结果824例白血病患儿全身炎症反应综合征的总发生率为13.6%(69/824)。确诊脓毒症8.37(69/824)。结论急性淋巴细胞白血病化疗中脓毒症的好发阶段是诱导缓解及再诱导缓解阶段;病原菌以革兰氏阴性杆菌多见。常见的感染途径是消化道与呼吸道。脓毒症的发生与粒细胞绝对值负相关,与粒细胞缺乏,持续时间及化疗强度呈正相关。早期对粒细胞缺乏伴发热的治疗可降低脓毒症的并发症及死亡率。     

39例儿童白血病合并败血症临床特点分析

目的探讨儿童急性白血病(AL)化疗后合并败血症的临床特点及降钙素原(PCT)在判断细菌类别中的作用。方法 2014年6月-2016年6月入住安徽医科大学第二附属医院儿科AL患儿39例,回顾性分析患儿化疗期间合并败血症的的发病因素、感染部位、病原学及不同PCT水平时的细菌类别。结果 39例患儿中急性淋巴细胞白血病28例,急性髓细胞白血病11例。15例患儿有明确感染部位,依次为呼吸道、口腔、肛周及皮肤。病原菌中革兰阳性球菌占53.8%(21/39),革兰阴性杆菌占43.6%(17/39),真菌占2.6%(1/39)。中性粒细胞计数0.5×109/L时败血症发病率显著提高(P0.05)。PCT高水平组革兰阴性杆菌检出率高,PCT低水平组革兰阳性球菌检出率高,不同菌种之间PCT水平存在显著性差异(P0.01)。结论 AL患儿合并败血症与粒细胞计数密切相关;PCT的结果对不同的细菌感染有提示作用,高水平的PCT提示革兰阴性杆菌感染可能性大。     

Management of septic complications associated with Silastic catheters in childhood malignancy

From January, 1979, to December, 1984, 63 Hickman or Broviac catheters were inserted into 50 high risk pediatric oncology patients (median age, 37 months). Catheters remained in place for an average of 241 days. Possible catheter sepsis and exit site infection accounted for the majority (39 of 76) of the complications of long term central venous catheterization. Neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count under 500/mm3) was associated with 70% of the catheter-related infections and 75% of the non-catheter-related infections. Catheters inserted during neutropenic episodes (23) were associated with an increased risk of subsequent septicemia (60% vs. 25%), a finding apparently related to their exposure to further neutropenia (38% vs. 16% catheter days). Of the 32 episodes of septicemia of unknown origin, 19 involved Gram-negative bacteria, 14 involved Gram-positive bacteria and 4 were caused by fungi. Five of these episodes involved multiple organisms. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common Gram-positive organism isolated (7 of 14). Four episodes of septicemia resolved before therapy and are considered false positive cultures. Of the other 28 episodes of septicemia, 25 (89%) were successfully treated without catheter removal including 3 episodes of fungemia and 4 of multiple organism sepsis. These data demonstrate the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment without catheter removal in the pediatric oncology population with catheter-associated infections including those associated with neutropenia, multiple organisms and fungemia.     

Septicemia in association with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Fifty consecutive episodes of septicemia were studied in 41 children who had acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Seventy-six percent of these episodes occurred when the absolute granulocyte count was 200/mm3 or less and were caused by gram-negative enteric and gram-positive mucocutaneous bacteria. In eight patients, Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated at the time when ALL was diagnosed. Multiple anaerobic and aerobic isolates from a single blood culture were associated with abdominal distress, whereas Streptococcus pneumoniae and Hemophilus influenzae septicemia occurred in associated with respiratory illnesses. When patients with severe compromise of anatomic barriers or respiratory disease were excluded, 94% of all patients with septicemia had an AGC of less than 200/mm3. The data provide guidelines for treatment for febrile patients with ALL based upon the AGC, the phase of the disease, and on the presence of associated respiratory or abdominal findings.     

Polymicrobial bacteremia in children. An 11-year experience

The clinical records of all patients with blood cultures positive for a bacterial pathogen were retrospectively examined during an 11-year period to determine the rate of and clinical features associated with polymicrobial bacteremia. During this period, bacteria were isolated in 6302 blood cultures. Of these cultures, 38 instances (0.6%) of polymicrobial bacteremia occurred in 38 patients. In 37 patients (97%), an underlying condition was identified that was considered a predisposing factor for polymicrobial bacteremia--18 patients (42%) had lesions of the gastrointestinal tract, 13 patients (34%) had an indwelling central venous catheter, nine patients (24%) had a malignant neoplasm or were receiving chemotherapy, and nine patients (24%) had neutropenia. A total of 98 pathogenic organisms were isolated; 52 were gram-negative and 46 were gram-positive, and 18 patients (47%) had more than two organisms isolated. Polymicrobial bacteremia was usually clinically indistinguishable from monomicrobial septicemia. Overall mortality was 32%. Polymicrobial bacteremia continues to be a rare, but serious, infectious disease that usually affects children with underlying medical problems and is associated with a high rate of mortality.     

Febrile Episodes in Children with Cancer in the United Arab Emirates

The febrile episodes encountered in our pediatric oncology unit over a 2-year period were reviewed. A total of 138 febrile episodes were recorded in 59 patients (29 with leukemia and 30 with a solid tumor). There was no difference in the number of episodes between leukemia and solid tumor patients, nor between neutropenic and non-neutropenic patients. The degree of neutropenia was more severe in leukemia patients. A total of 18.8% of the episodes were accompanied by positive blood cultures. Gram-positive bacteria were more frequent than gram-negative bacteria, and there were four anaerobic isolates. Seventeen episodes were accompanied by clinical signs of central venous line (CVL) infection. A total of 70.2% of the episodes resolved with a first-line antibiotic combination of flucloxacillin, piperacillin, and netilmicin, 27.5% required modification of the antibiotic combination, and three patients (57c) died due to gram-negative septicemia. These findings indicate that the pattern of infectious complications in the United Arab Emirates is now similar to that observed in Europe and the United States.     

早发型和晚发型新生儿脓毒症的临床特点

目的对比分析早发型(EOS)和晚发型(LOS)新生儿脓毒症的易感因素、感染途径、临床表现、实验室检查、病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床提供诊治依据。方法对2008年6月-2011年6月本院新生儿科收治的新生儿脓毒症178例(EOS 79例,LOS99例)进行回顾性分析。结果新生儿脓毒症感染途径以呼吸道、皮肤、脐部为主。EOS组以黄疸(36例)、呼吸道症状(60例)多见,LOS组以发热(50例)多见;EOS组PLT降低(28例)较LOS组(9例)多见,WBC、CRP异常及血培养阳性率2组间差异无统计学意义。新生儿脓毒症血培养阳性共102例(占51.5%),病原菌以葡萄球菌为主[共67例(占65.5%)],其中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌36例(占53.7%);EOS组革兰阴性细菌(19例)较LOS组(11例)多见,其中超广谱β内酰胺酶阳性菌14例(占13.7%)。EOS组脓毒症合并细菌性脑膜炎(17例)、DIC(12例)、坏死性小肠结肠炎(10例)较LOS组(分别为8例、6例、4例)多见,EOS组病死率(19.0%)高于LOS组(7.1%)。结论新生儿脓毒症病死率较高,临床表现缺乏特异性,目前尚缺乏特异有效的检测方法。病原菌以葡萄球菌为主,耐药菌和条件致病菌有增多趋势。早期诊断、合理使用抗生素、防治严重并发症是治愈新生儿脓毒症的关键。     

Etiology and outcome of oral mucosal lesions in children on chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Microbiological cultures were taken from oral cavity and blood in 100 mucositis episodes in 70 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Oral mucositis was commonest in neutropenic children during induction chemotherapy. Fungal organisms (n=39) were commonest isolate from mucosa followed by bacteria (n=28). Isolation of organism from oral cavity had no association with those isolated from blood. Herpes serology was positive in 16% episodes compared to 2% of controls. Obtaining cultures from oral lesions is useful in appropriate management of lesions and thereby possibly preventing systemic spread.     

Surveillance cultures in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

The value of surveillance cultures in predicting systemic infections and in guiding antimicrobial treatment is controversial. We investigated 57 pediatric allo‐SCTs between 2007 and 2009. ALL (34), AML (5), and severe aplastic anemia (4) were the largest patient groups. Conditioning was TBI‐based in 87% and 54% developed GVHD (21% grade III‐IV). Of the 2594 weekly colonization samples, 24% were positive (fecal bacteria 86%, fecal fungi 16%, Clostridium difficile 16%; throat bacteria 17% and throat fungi 4%). Enterobacteria and enterococci were the most common fecal findings, staphylococci and streptococci in the throat. Of the bacterial stool samples pretransplant, 74% (mostly enterococci) were resistant to our first‐line antibiotics (ceftazidime and cloxacillin). Candida species accounted for the majority of the fungal findings: 62% of the fecal and 78% in the throat. A total of 170 clinical infection episodes were recorded, and in 12 of these, the bacterial blood culture was positive. In 4/12 cases, the pathogen was detected in surveillance culture previously, leading to sensitivity and specificity of 33.3 and 47.4%, respectively. Positive predictive value of bacterial surveillance cultures was 0.9%. The antimicrobial treatment was changed in only five cases based on the surveillance culture results. Weekly surveillance cultures seldom provided clinical benefit and were not cost‐effective.