MALDI-TOF MS结合短期培养法快速检测中段尿样本中的病原菌

目的探讨基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)结合短期培养法快速检测中段尿样本中病原菌的价值。方法收集1 873例患者的中段尿样本,每份样本一分为二,一份用于中段尿常规培养结合Vitek 2 Compact微生物鉴定仪检测;另一份样本离心集菌后,短期培养4或6 h,采集菌膜直接用MALDI-TOF MS进行鉴定,并以中段尿定量培养结合Vitek 2 Compact微生物鉴定仪的检测结果为金标准,评估MALDI-TOF MS结合短期培养法对尿路感染病原菌鉴定的敏感性及特异性。结果在1 873例临床样本中常规培养方法检出病原菌381例,阳性检出率为20.3%。其中单一细菌生长的样本346例(90.8%),2种细菌生长的样本27例(7.1%),3种及3种以上细菌生长的样本8例(2.1%)。在单一细菌生长的样本中,短期培养4 h后MALDI-TOF MS直接检测的检出率为80.1%(277/346),短期培养6 h后MALDI-TOF MS直接检测的检出率为97.1%(336/346)。除鲍曼不动杆菌、屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌鉴定符合率稍低(81.4%、76.9%和86.7%)外,MALDI-TOF MS结合6 h短期培养法的鉴定符合率均为100.0%。结论将中段尿样本离心集菌后短期培养4~6h,采集菌膜直接用MALDI-TOF MS进行检测,可大大缩短培养时间,为临床提供快速的病原菌报告。     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱直接检测尿路感染病原菌性能评价

目的探讨基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)直接检测尿路感染病原菌的性能。方法收集1 000例门诊及住院患者中段尿样本,接种于固体培养基,采用MALDI-TOF MS仪和全自动微生物鉴定系统对单个菌落进行鉴定;对中段尿样本进行前处理后直接采用MALDI-TOF MS仪进行分析。结果1 000例中段尿样本中,培养法检出215例菌落计数≥10~5 CFU/mL的细菌,阳性检出率为21.5%;其中162例分离到单一细菌,53例分离到混合细菌。2种仪器对215株细菌鉴定结果的符合率达100%。革兰阴性杆菌占76.3%,革兰阳性菌占23.7%。MALDI-TOF MS仪直接检测检出185例菌落计数≥10~5 CFU/mL的细菌,阳性检出率为18.5%;其中145例分离到单一细菌,40例分离到混合细菌。直接检测法无假阳性,但阳性检出率较培养法低,阳性漏检率达到14.0%(30/215)。结论采用MADLI-TOF MS仪直接检测感染性中段尿样本,具有鉴定诊断时间短、成本低和适用性好的优点。     

Microflex~(TM) MALDI-TOF MS和Vitek 2 Compact全自动微生物分析系统对肠杆菌科细菌鉴定能力的比较

目的比较MicroflexTM基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)和Vitek 2 Compact全自动微生物分析系统(简称Vitek 2 Compact)对肠杆菌科细菌的鉴定能力。方法采用MicroflexTMMALDI-TOF MS和Vitek 2 Compact同时对545株肠杆菌科质控菌株和临床分离菌株进行鉴定,鉴定结果不一致者采用沙门菌血清凝集试验或细菌16S r DNA基因测序予以确证。结果 MicroflexTMMALDI-TOF MS对545株细菌的种和属的鉴定率分别为97.1%、2.9%。Vitek 2 Compact对545株细菌的种、群、属的鉴定率分别为83.3%、13.9%和2.2%,鉴定错误率为0.2%,未鉴定率为0.4%。结论 MicroflexTMMALDI-TOF MS对肠杆菌科细菌的鉴定符合率高于Vitek 2 Compact,且操作快速、简便,成本低,可用于临床肠杆菌科细菌的常规快速鉴定。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱在临床病原菌鉴定中的应用

目的探讨基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)系统用于快速鉴定临床分离菌的可靠性和实用性。方法收集南京军区南京总医院2013年7~10月自临床标本分离的非重复细菌1 061株,分别使用MALDI-TOF MS和Vitek 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪系统进行鉴定,结果不一致的菌株采用16S r DNA测序验证。结果 1 061株临床分离菌中1 058株(99.7%)经MALDI-TOF MS系统正确鉴定到属水平,1 016株(95.8%)正确鉴定到种,其余3株(0.3%)未给出鉴定结果。5株鉴定结果不一致的菌株经16S r DNA测序确认,结果与MALDI-TOF MS和Vitek 2 Compact鉴定符合率分别为40.0%(2/5)和0(0/5)。结论 MALDI-TOF MS可以作为一个快速、准确和价廉的工具应用于临床分离菌的鉴定。     

基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱技术鉴定临床非发酵革兰阴性杆菌

目的 比较基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry,MALDI-TOF MS)和Vitek 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定系统对临床分离非发酵革兰阴性杆菌鉴定的一致性。方法 收集徐州医科大学附属医院2015年11月至2016年3月临床分离非发酵革兰阴性杆菌537株;分别采用MALDI-TOF MS和Vitek 2Compact全自动细菌鉴定系统进行鉴定,并比较分析两种鉴定方法结果的一致性。结果 在537株非发酵革兰阴性杆菌中,MALDI-TOF MS可将527株(98.1%)鉴定至种,10株仅鉴定至属;Vitek 2 Compact可将537株(100%)全部鉴定至种。MALDI-TOF MS与Vitek 2 Compact鉴定结果相比较,在种的水平上520株(96.8%)一致,在属的水平上533株(99.3%)一致,两种方法鉴定结果完全不一致4株(0.7%)。结论 MALDI-TOF MS对临床分离非发酵革兰阴性杆菌具有较好的鉴定能力,其快速准确及价廉的特性具备临床推广价值。     

评价MALDI-TOFMS在快速鉴定胆道感染病原菌的价值

目的:评价MALDI-TOF MS在快速鉴定胆道感染病原菌的价值.方法:收集2018年1月~12月89例次培养阳性胆汁样本,采用差速离心联合分离胶促凝管富集法,应用MALDI-TOF MS对样本直接检测,鉴定结果与传统的Vitek 2 Compact细菌鉴定药敏仪鉴定结果进行比较.结果:传统鉴定方法与MALDI-TOF MS法总体一致性为85.4%,其中对革兰阴性菌一致性为88.3%,革兰阳性菌为84.2%,9个混合感染样本,MS准确地鉴定出6个.结论:本研究采用差速离心联合分离胶促凝管富集法对胆汁阳性瓶直接检测,正确鉴定率较高,能够为临床快速诊断与治疗提供依据.     

双重过滤法联合MALDI-TOF MS快速检测尿液病原菌

目的采用一种微孔滤膜双重过滤法富集纯化尿液中病原菌,探讨此方法与UF1000i全自动尿沉渣分析仪联合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)在快速检测尿液病原菌中的临床应用。方法收集2020年5—8月门诊及住院疑似尿路感染患者中段尿标本1 583份,采用传统细菌定量培养和MALDI-TOF MS鉴定。同时应用微孔滤膜双重过滤法对UF1000i细菌计数≥10~5个/mL尿液进行过滤,过滤后的细菌涂抹于靶板上进行MALDI-TOF MS鉴定,与培养法鉴定结果比较分析。结果 1 583份中段尿标本中,272份标本UF1000i细菌计数阳性且培养菌落数≥10~4 CFU/mL。与培养法鉴定结果比较,双重过滤法对229份菌落数≥10~4 CFU/mL的单一菌生长标本鉴定符合率为92.1%(211/229),其中革兰阴性菌符合率为94.7%(177/187),革兰阳性菌符合率为84.6%(33/39),真菌符合率为33.3%(1/3)。双重过滤法对2种菌生长标本仅能鉴定优势菌,43份2种菌混合生长标本优势菌鉴定符合率为72.1%(31/43)。双重过滤法中尿液病原菌富集纯化时间为2~3 min。结论微孔滤膜双重过滤法是一种快速有效的富集纯化尿液病原菌的方法,联合UF1000i和MALDI-TOF MS可实现快速检测尿液中病原菌。     

基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱技术在尿标本微生物快速鉴定中的应用

目的评估基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)技术在尿液标本微生物快速鉴定中的临床应用价值。方法收集苏州大学附属第二医院2016年10-12月住院和门诊送检的中段尿标本进行差速离心沉淀后经MALDI-TOF MS技术检测,同时进行尿常规和有形成分分析,并与传统尿培养鉴定结果进行比较,计算质谱的鉴定率。结果 212例尿培养阳性标本中MALDI-TOF MS技术鉴定出病原菌168例,总鉴定率为79.2%,大肠埃希菌鉴定率最高,为92.0%,其他肠杆菌科细菌、肠球菌属、非发酵菌科鉴定率分别为79.4%、66.5%、66.7%,假丝酵母菌属、链球菌属、其他革兰阳性菌标本量少,鉴定率分别为58.3%、50.0%、44.4%。其中140例标本菌落计数大于105 CFU/mL,鉴定率为92.9%。结论 MALDI-TOF MS技术直接检测尿液标本中的微生物具有简单快速、准确性高等优点,可以弥补传统方法的不足,有效缩短检验时间,优化实验室流程,准确快速地为临床提供检验结果,结合尿常规和有形成分分析等辅助手段具有较高的临床应用价值。     

双重过滤法联合MALDI-TOF MS快速检测尿液中病原菌*

目的 采用一种微孔滤膜双重过滤法富集纯化尿液中病原菌，探讨此方法与UF1000i全自动尿沉渣分析仪联合基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)在快速检测尿液病原菌中的临床应用。方法 收集2020年5—8月门诊及住院疑似尿路感染患者中段尿标本1 583份，采用传统细菌定量培养和MALDI-TOF MS鉴定。同时应用微孔滤膜双重过滤法对UF1000i细菌计数≥105个/mL尿液进行过滤，过滤后的细菌涂抹于靶板上进行MALDI-TOF MS鉴定，与培养法鉴定结果比较分析。结果 1 583份中段尿标本中，272份标本UF1000i细菌计数阳性且培养菌落数≥104 CFU/mL。与培养法鉴定结果比较，双重过滤法对229份菌落数≥104 CFU/mL的单一菌生长标本鉴定符合率为92.1%(211/229)，其中革兰阴性菌符合率为94.7%(177/187)，革兰阳性菌符合率为84.6%(33/39)，真菌符合率为33.3%(1/3)。双重过滤法对2种菌生长标本仅能鉴定优势菌，43份2种菌混合生长标本优势菌鉴定符合率为72.1%(31/43)。双重过滤法中尿液病原菌富集纯化时间为2～3 min。结论 微孔滤膜双重过滤法是一种快速有效的富集纯化尿液病原菌的方法，联合UF1000i和MALDI-TOF MS可实现快速检测尿液中病原菌。     

应用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱鉴定常见细菌和酵母菌

目的 应用MALDI-TOF MS鉴定临床常见病原菌.方法 复苏560株临床分离株,其中革兰阳性细菌(G+ )260株、革兰阴性细菌(G-)180株、酵母菌60株、肠道致病菌60株.MALDI-TOF MS鉴定结果与Vitek2 Compact全自动微生物鉴定系统比对,结果差异菌株采用16S rDNA测序验证.结果 MALDI-TOF MS与Vitek2 Compact鉴定结果比较,G+细菌鉴定符合率为94.6％( 246/260),G-细菌鉴定符合率为96.7％ (174/180),酵母菌鉴定符合率为95.0％ (57/60),肠道致病菌鉴定符合率为93.3％( 56/60).15株鉴定结果不符的菌株经16S rDNA测序确认,结果与Vitek2Compact和MALDI-TOF MS鉴定符合率分别为26.7％ (4/15)和66.7％( 10/15).结论 MALDI-TOF MS可用于常见病原微生物鉴定,其快速、低成本的特点具有推广价值.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.