研究与开发Fe-Cu粉末机械合金化的过程与固态烧结后组织性能关系研究

分析了机械合金化过程中粉体能量储存对固态烧结过程的影响。以具有正的混合热的Fe-Cu粉体为研究对象,分析了Fe-Cu粉体在机械合金化中存在的储能现象及其与机械合金化过程时间的关系,提出了存在最高储能的机械合金化时间,这一储能对固态烧结具有积极意义。研究认为:机械合金化进程中,粉体粒度、晶粒度、应变、缺陷等不平衡因素导致能量提高,固态烧结加热过程中能量的释放促进了颗粒表面物质交换,从而提高了粉体固态可烧结性,改善了烧结组织。     

机械合金化对Fe-Cu粉末烧结性能的影响

本文讨论了Fe-Cu复合粉体经球磨后的烧结性能变化情况,通过对球磨后Fe-Cu复合粉体进行XRD、DSC分析,探讨球磨过程对Fe-Cu粉体以及烧结体性能的影响.实验结果表明:随着球磨加工的进行,粉体的晶粒尺寸减小,晶格常数变大;由于在粉体中储存了大量能量,从而降低了复合粉体的烧结温度,改善了烧结体的强度和硬度;经50 h球磨后,粉体在800℃烧结,其抗弯强度提高了35%以上.     

机械合金化金属间化合物Ni3Al研究现状

本文综述了用机械合金化法制备金属间化合物Ni3AI的研究现状和发展情况。介绍了Ni3AI的机械合金化过程和影响因素，以及Ni3AI机械合金化后粉体的成形烧结工艺及性能。展望了金属间化合物Ni3Al机械合金化的发展前景。     

Fe-Cu二元互不溶体系中纳米晶过饱和固溶体的机械合金化制备研究进展

Fe-Cu二元互不溶体系合金在机械合金化过程中形成纳米晶过饱和固溶体,并显示出与其微米尺度结构合金所不同的独特性能。综述了近年来Fe-Cu二元互不溶体系中纳米晶过饱和固溶体的机械合金化研究进展,着重介绍了Fe-Cu纳米晶过饱和固溶体的形成机理及其力学和物理性能等。     

球磨参数对机械合金化制备Al_2O_3/Mo_5Si_3复合粉体特性的影响

以MoO3粉、Mo粉、Si粉及Al粉为原料,采用机械化学还原法制备了Al2O3/Mo5Si3复合粉体。利用XRD、SEM等对复合粉体在球磨过程中的物相转变和形貌进行表征,并对球磨参数对机械合金化过程的影响进行探讨。结果表明,原料粉体球磨10 h后转变为Al2O3/Mo5Si3复合粉体,反应较完全。随球磨时间延长,复合粉体细小均化,粉体粒度较小,球磨20h后粉体粒度在3~5μm之间,随球磨转速的提高,球磨时间延长,球磨提供能量提高,反应开始时间变短。     

碳/铜复合粉末的制备及其SPS烧结工艺的研究

将粗铜粉和石墨粉按不同配比混合后进行机械合金化,并对机械合金化粉末的物相、合金化特征以及粉末形貌和颗粒度进行了分析研究;利用放电等离子烧结技术研究了制得粉末的烧结行为.实验结果表明,在球磨过程中,随球磨时间的延长有越来越多的碳原子溶入了铜的晶格,球磨24h时固溶度达到最大值,继续球磨,有部分碳析出.机械合金化可以使晶粒细化,有利于原子扩散形成过饱和固溶体;应用烧结技术,可以得到均匀、致密的组织.     

Fe-Cu粉末压坯烧结膨胀机理

Fe-Cu粉末压坯在烧结过程中会发生体积膨胀。作者研究了不同烧结温度和烧结时间下Fe-Cu压坯尺寸的变化;运用扩散方程分析了体积膨胀的机理,发现Fe-Cu压坯尺寸的变化原因是:铜扩散到铁粉颗粒内部,而在原来位置留下稳定的孔隙。     

高能球磨时间对W-Cu纳米晶复合粉体组织和性能的影响

采用机械合金化法制备W-20％Cu(质量分数)纳米晶复合粉体.通过XRD,SEM等方法对球磨后的复合粉体进行表征,研究球磨时间对复合粉体的物相成分、晶粒尺寸、微观应变以及表面形貌的影响,并探讨机械合金化过程中过饱和固溶体的形成机制.结果表明:随着球磨时间的延长,W的晶粒尺寸及晶格常数不断减小,微观应变逐渐增大；球磨40...     

球磨时间对放电等离子烧结合成Ti_3SiC_2纯度的影响

本文采用原料配比为3Ti/Si/2C/0.2Al(摩尔比)的单质混合粉体为原料,进行机械合金化(MA)和随后的放电等离子烧结(SPS),以制备高纯Ti3SiC2陶瓷,研究了球磨时间对放电等离子烧结制备Ti3SiC2的影响。结果表明,机械合金化混合粉体后,粉体颗粒明显细化。球磨10h,单质混合粉体会发生化学反应,生成TiC,Ti3SiC2混合粉体。继续球磨至20h,生成物混合粉体会显著细化。球磨时间对SPS烧结合成Ti3SiC2有显著的影响。球磨10h,即反应刚刚完毕,最有利于SPS合成致密高纯的Ti3SiC2,球磨时间较短(5h),对Ti3SiC2陶瓷的烧结促进作用不显著,而反应后继续延长球磨时间至20h,会降低烧结体中Ti3SiC2的纯度。采用球磨10h的粉体为原料,经850℃放电等离子烧结可获得纯度高达96%(质量分数,下同)的Ti3SiC2疏松块体,烧结温度提高到1100℃,可获得纯度为99.3%、相对密度高达98.9%的TiSiC致密块体。     

合金元素对机械合金化和放电等离子烧结Ti-Nb基合金显微组织的影响

β-Ti型结构的钛基材料在生物材料领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文采用机械合金化法和放电等离子烧结制备β-Ti型Ti-Nb基合金,研究不同Nb,Fe含量对合金显微组织及力学性能的影响。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)等手段分析合金的显微组织变化情况。结果表明:机械合金化过程中,粉末的平均粒度减小,当球磨时间超过60 h时粉末易发生团聚。当球磨转速为300 r/min,球料比为12:1,Ti和Nb的质量分数分别为64%和24%时,球磨100 h后制备的粉体材料中具有一定体积的非晶相。该粉末在1 000℃下通过放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备具有均匀细小的球状晶粒组织的Ti-Nb合金,其强度、伸长率和弹性模量分别为2 180MPa,6.7%和55 GPa。通过控制Nb,Fe的含量,可以促进β-Ti相形成,获得高强度和低杨氏模量的Ti-Nb合金。     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Comparison of the results of surgical and conservative treatment of fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia

In this paper is treated the fundamental problematic of the fracture of the diaphysis of the tibia and the therapeutic results after the conservative and operative treatment are confronted. Among 518 patients with 433 open fractures and 35 with closed fractures of the diaphysis of the tibia, successful treatment of more 2/3 was obtained in the period from 1968 to 1972. Following our casuistics and literature, whose results are similar, we find out that the average total treatment of the osteosynthesis of the fracture of the diaphysis was shortened for 2,5 months depending upon the type and the localisation of the fracture. Apolied methods of the operative and conservative and conservative treatment in relation to the velocity of the medical cure as well as to the extreme anatomical-functional results are analised. We noticed that osteosynthesis, made by the intermedullary nail and the extension of the canals or by a small AO table, by the achieved stability makes conditions of immediate motions and an early rehabilitation. Because of that it gives the best functional results.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

参与式农业基地建设行动方案设计

为了编制实用性强的基地建设行动方案,首先,确定参与式发展的主体,搭建一个"决策框架";其次,针对行动目标,提出不同参与主体,如管理者、农民、消费者等团队与个人的目标及行动内容;最后,工作应向重塑伙伴式合作关系,挖掘农民自我发展潜力,完成三大角色的转换,打造农业基地文化等方向推进.