遗传算法优化刀具角度对加工变形控制的研究

针对航空钛合金薄壁件的铣削变形问题,采用钛合金专用铣刀对该零件进行模拟加工(ABAQUS软件)和实际加工,验证了有限元分析模型的有效性的同时得出关键路径的平均变形量;借助遗传算法以铣削力预测模型为目标函数,对铣刀几何角度进行优化,得到理论最优刀具几何角度γ=6°、α=16°、β=44°,采用最优几何角度的铣刀模拟加工工件获得的平均变形量更小。结果表明,遗传算法在优化铣刀角度方面是一种有效的方法,依据此方法能够制定出较为合理的刀具几何角度组合以控制薄壁件的加工变形。     

薄壁件铣削加工刀具几何参数优化

针对汽车检具薄壁件铣削变形问题,通过改变铣刀的几何参数建立铣削单因素和三因素四水平的正交实验。利用有限元软件AdvantEdge和ABAQUS分别对铣削加工过程和加工残余应力引起的变形进行仿真,研究不同的刀具几何参数对工件变形的影响。采用田口法分析了刀具几何参数对加工变形的综合影响程度。结果表明:刀具后角对工件加工变形影响的最为显著,螺旋角次之,前角最不显著;获得AA5083铣削的铣刀刀具几何参数组合。通过实验对优化后的刀具几何参数的正确性进行验证,证明该方法是检具薄壁件加工中刀具几何参数优化选择的一种有效的方法。     

基于装夹方案的夹紧力及加工变形仿真

夹具装夹引起的变形是影响薄壁件加工精度的重要因素。针对大型薄壁回转体车削加工过程中工件易变形的问题,应用有限元分析软件,讨论了工件装夹有限元模型中的接触方式、切削力加载以及材料去除方式等关键问题,建立了大型薄壁回转体车削装夹有限元模型。运用所建立模型,分析了夹紧件数量、接触面积以及辅助支撑等因素对夹紧力和工件变形量的影响规律。结果表明,该有限元模型可以有效地预测薄壁件的夹紧力大小和工件变形量,并为薄壁件装夹方案的优化提供可靠的数据支持。     

工字型薄壁件数控铣削加工变形试验与分析

在CY-KX650立式铣床上对铝合金材料7075工字型薄壁工件变形进行试验研究,分析其变形误差规律。通过正交铣削试验,研究工字型薄壁件在铣削精加工过程中不同工艺和走刀方式下工件的变形情况,为同类薄壁件铣削加工参数优化和加工工艺的合理制定提供了依据。     

电火花线切割加工薄壁零件热弯曲的形成机制及实验研究

电火花线切割被广泛认为是一种热物理蚀除工件材料的加工方式,具有不受材料硬度限制、表面质量高和无切削应力等优点。然而,热物理蚀除方式会在工件内部形成热应力,在加工薄壁类零件(厚度小于2 mm)时会体现为热弯曲变形,限制了电火花线切割加工在精密薄壁类零件领域的应用。通过电火花线切割加工薄壁类零件的热平衡分析,揭示薄壁类零件热弯曲的形成机制。设计正交实验,采用方差分析方法,分析加工工艺参数对薄壁类零件热弯曲变形的影响规律,并阐明这些影响规律形成的根本原因。根据方差分析结果,得到的热弯曲变形最小的加工工艺参数组合。实验结果表明:最优加工工艺参数组合可使得热弯曲变形减小到37.0μm。     

航空薄壁件铣削加工铣削力预测方法研究

铣削加工中铣削力是导致加工变形的直接原因,而航空薄壁件加工中,加工变形是加工误差产生的主要因素.本文以航空薄壁件铣削加工过程的铣削力为研究对象,通过确定铣削力模型和切削系数参数,建立了刚性和考虑刀具工件变形耦合的柔性预测两种模型.在柔性模型中,采用预扭Timoshenko梁单元的刀具/工件独立建模的方法建立有限元模型,利用Python语言在通用有限元软件Abaqus下迭代求解.实验验证表明预测模型具有很高的准确性和有效性.     

3Gr13不锈钢薄壁套筒零件的车削加工技术研究

针对3Gr13不锈钢薄壁套筒零件刚性差、难以切削的特点,对装夹方式、刀具材料、刀具几何角度、切削用量和冷却液5个方面进行研究,旨在减少工件变形,提高表面质量。实验结果显示:以增强薄壁件径向刚度为理念设计的专用夹具,有效解决了薄壁件在切削加工中易变形的难题;以切削理论为依据,运用正交实验法选择的加工参数,能显著提高3Gr13不锈钢薄壁件的表面质量和刀具耐用度。     

薄壁件加工变形仿真及工艺参数优选

针对汽车主模型检具铣削变形问题进行研究。利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟铣削过程,建立单因素实验和四因素三水平正交试验,分析检具铣削时各工艺参数对两指标(工件加工变形和材料去除率)的影响规律。运用多量纲归一化方法和综合评分法对两指标进行归一化计算,采用极差分析法对计算结果进行分析,确定各工艺参数对两指标归一化后的贡献度,并获得AA5083薄壁零件铣削工艺参数的最佳组合,通过加工实验对优化后的工艺参数的正确性加以验证。实验结果表明:工件加工的平均偏差比优化前降低了18%,材料去除率比优化前提高了135%。证明该方法是一种较为有效的优化方法。     

基于变形预测的薄壁梁架加工工艺优化

为了减少薄壁梁架加工变形,应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件进行有限元加工仿真,获得已加工表面残余应力,预测梁架加工变形。分析不同切削用量对加工变形量的影响,优化切削用量,进行变形预补偿。在此基础上,对梁架整体加工工艺进行优化。机翼颤振模型薄壁梁架的加工证明该方法可以有效提高薄壁件加工的质量和效率。     

航空薄壁件切削加工变形控制与实时监测研究

由于航空薄壁件刚度较低,工艺性差,容易发生切削变形,是机械加工中的难题。以减小航空薄壁件的变形为目标,采用有限元分析方法,分析工件在切削力作用下的变形;通过预先考虑薄壁件在切削力作用下的加工变形及其对应的变形回弹量,采用变形主动补偿的方法,在局部刀位点修正补偿刀具的切削深度。经有限元计算比较,补偿后刀位点的最大切削加工误差相对于补偿前降低95%以上,同时航空薄壁件的切削加工误差的分布更加均匀,误差值的变化波动范围更小;最后设计了一个切削力实时监测系统,对切削加工过程进行监测,形成了一种提高航空薄壁件切削加工精度的系统性方法。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.