黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的手术体会(附33例报告)

目的总结黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranu lom atous cholecystitis,XGC)的手术治疗经验。方法回顾性分析我院1996年1月~2005年12月经病理确诊为XGC的33例病例资料。结果本组平均发病年龄60岁,男女比例为1.5∶1。术中所见:90.9%可见胆囊壁明显增厚;87.9%与周围组织有粘连;97%合并胆囊结石;15.2%合并胆总管结石;9.1%合并M irizzi综合征;12.1%合并胆囊内瘘。15例行胆囊切除术,7例行胆囊部分切除术,5例行胆囊切除 肝部分楔形切除术,6例行胆囊癌根治术。术中误诊率高达24.2%。9例行术中冰冻切片检查。5例术后出现并发症。结论XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊慢性炎症,术前诊断困难。因与周围组织脏器粘连严重,术中易误诊为胆囊癌,故强调术中冰冻组织学检查。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎误诊为胆囊癌十例分析

目的 分析黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC）误诊为胆囊癌的原因.方法 分析我院1996-2005年间确诊为黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的33例的临床资料,其中10例在术前和术中误诊为胆囊癌.结果 10例患者中B超和CT均诊断为胆囊癌5例,慢性胆囊炎1例;B超诊断为胆囊癌而CT诊断为慢性胆囊炎2例;B超诊断为慢性胆囊炎而CT诊断为胆囊癌2例;术中均见有胆囊壁增厚,胆囊与肝、大网膜等周围组织粘连.3例行胆囊切除＋肝部分切除术,6例行胆囊切除＋肝部分切除术＋肝十二指肠韧带清扫术,1例行部分胆囊切除＋胆囊空肠吻合＋横结肠部分切除.术后病理为黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎.结论 黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎影像学表现和肉眼所见易误诊为胆囊癌.确诊需依赖病理检查.术中冰冻组织学检查有助于明确病变性质.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治探讨

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的诊断与治疗。方法回顾17例XGC的临床资料。结果术前B超检查17例,反复CT检查6例,均未能明确诊断,全部病例均术后病理确诊。手术方式：12例行胆囊切除术,2例行胆囊大部切除术,3例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除术和肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫术,17例均治俞。结论XGC是一种少见的特殊型的慢性胆囊炎,影像学检查易与胆囊癌混淆,确诊依赖病理检查,手术切除是早期诊断治疗的的最佳方法。术中冰冻切片病理检查,避免手术盲目扩大化。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎45例诊治分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的临床诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2013年2月诊治的45例XGC患者临床资料。结果术前均行超声检查均提示有胆囊结石和胆囊壁增厚,其中5例提示胆囊占位性病变,行CT检查5例,全组病例均在术中、术后经病理检查确诊。行开腹胆囊切除术22例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)18例(其中中转开腹7例),胆囊切除+胆总管探查术2例,胆囊切除+肝脏楔形切除术1例,胆囊大部分切除术2例。术后并发切口感染2例,胆漏2例,余无并发症发生。结论 XGC术前难于诊断,病理检查是诊断XGC的关键,治疗XGC首选胆囊切除术,部分病例可行LC治疗。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎21例诊治分析

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis，XGC）的临床诊断与治疗。方法回顾分析2000年1月-2006年1月收治的21例XGC临床资料。结果 术前初步诊断为XGC4例，慢性胆囊炎10例，胆囊癌或疑为胆囊癌7例。本组行胆囊部分及完全切除19例，其中附加胆总管切开取石、T管引流3例，胆囊癌根治2例。术中冰冻切片17例证实为XGC，2例为慢性胆囊炎，2例不排除胆囊癌。21例均术后2周顺利出院。术后常规病理检查均证实为XGC。结论 XGC临床表现无特异性，临床表现基本与胆囊结石、胆囊炎相似，术前诊断困难，难以与一般胆囊炎及胆囊癌鉴别，确诊尚需依靠组织病理学检查。XGC属于良性疾病，胆囊切除预后良好，无复发，无需扩大手术范围，提高术前诊断率及术中快速冰冻切片检查有助于手术方式的选择，避免扩大手术而带来一些不必要的并发症。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治（附22例报告）

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGX)的诊断和治疗。方法 对我院1990年2月-2000年3月间收治的22例XGC作回顾性分析。结果 XGC占同期胆囊标本的1．4％(22／1523)。临床表现与一般胆囊炎类似，B超示胆囊壁不规则隆起或增厚7例，GF检查5例怀疑为胆囊癌，肿瘤标志物检查1例铁蛋白(SF)轻度升高；伴黄疸4例中例合并胆总管结石，1例合并胰头癌。术前全部误诊。术中冰冻切片检查10例，4例确诊为XGC，其余为术后病理诊断。行胆囊大部切除术2例，胆囊切除加肝边缘不规则切除术2例，其余行单纯胆囊切除。全部治愈。结论 XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊炎，临床表现不典型，易与胆囊癌相混淆，术前难于诊断。组织病理学检查是确诊的重要手段。胆囊切除是常用的术式，不能排除胆囊癌时应扩大手术范围。本病预后良好。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治(附8例报告)

目的　探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎 (XGC)的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾 8例XGC的临床资料。结果　XGC占同期胆囊标本的 0 5 % (8/1 60 0 )。临床表现与慢性结石性胆囊炎一致。B超检查 8例 ,CT检查 3例 ,术前全部误诊。术中病理确诊 2例、术后病理确诊 6例。 8例行胆囊切除 ;其中 4例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除 ,同时行肝十二指肠韧带内淋巴结清扫加右半结肠切除、胃大部分切除各 1例 ,全部治愈。结论　XGC是一种少见特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎 ,影像学检查易与胆囊癌混淆 ,确诊依赖病理检查。手术是早期诊断和治疗的最佳途径。胆囊切除是常用的术式 ,炎症浸润肝脏等周围组织或不能排除胆囊癌时应扩大手术范围。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治(附22例报告)

目的　探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎 (XGC)的诊断和治疗。方法　对我院 1 990年 2月 -2 0 0 0年 3月间收治的 2 2例XGC作回顾性分析。结果　XGC占同期胆囊标本的 1 .4% (2 2 1 5 2 3 )。临床表现与一般胆囊炎类似 ,B超示胆囊壁不规则隆起或增厚 7例 ,CT检查 5例怀疑为胆囊癌 ,肿瘤标志物检查 1例铁蛋白 (SF)轻度升高 ;伴黄疸 4例中 1例合并胆总管结石 ,1例合并胰头癌。术前全部误诊。术中冰冻切片检查 1 0例 ,4例确诊为XGC ,其余为术后病理诊断。行胆囊大部切除术 2例 ,胆囊切除加肝边缘不规则切除术 2例 ,其余行单纯胆囊切除。全部治愈。结论　XGC是一种特殊类型的胆囊炎 ,临床表现不典型 ,易与胆囊癌相混淆 ,术前难于诊断。组织病理学检查是确诊的重要手段。胆囊切除是常用的术式 ,不能排除胆囊癌时应扩大手术范围。本病预后良好     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎78例临床分析北大核心CSCD

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatouscholecystitis,XGC）的病因、诊断及治疗。方法回顾性分析1985年1月至2012年12月78例经病理确诊的XGC患者的临床资料。结果78例患者均行B超检查,其中50例同时行CT检查,术前诊断：慢性结石性胆囊炎60例,胆囊癌伴胆囊结石8例,胆囊占位性病变10例。术前诊断胆囊结石的68例中胆囊颈结石并嵌顿者达67例,占98．5％,由于胆汁淤积、渗入破损的胆囊壁,可引起XGC的发生。78例均行手术治疗：胆囊切除术48例,胆囊部分切除或大部切除术13例,胆囊切除加肝脏部分楔形切除术12例,胆囊与周围粘连成块状误诊为胆囊癌行肝脏部分切除术5例;其中合并胆总管结石17例同时行胆总管切开取石术;损伤肝总管2例同时行胆管空肠Roux—en—Y形吻合术。78例手术或易或难,可顺利完成,无严重并发症。结论XGC是一种特殊类型慢性胆囊炎,并伴黄色肉芽肿形成。术前诊断困难,术中快速冷冻或术后石蜡切片病理检查是诊断的关键手段。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治探讨

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的(XGC)的诊断与治疗。方法 回顾10例XGC的临床资料。结果 B超检查10例，CT、检查3例，术前全部误诊，术后病检确诊10例。9例行胆囊切除，1例行胆囊大部切除，其中2例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除并肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫，1例加胃大部切除。9例治愈，1例死亡。结论 XGC是一种少见特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎，影像学检查易与胆囊癌混淆，确诊依赖病理检查，手术切除胆囊是早期诊断治疗的最佳途径。术中冰冻切片病检．避免手术盲目扩大化。     

Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis: 15 Years’ Experience

The demographic and clinical aspects of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) over a period of 15 years are reviewed. The review entailed examining 12,426 clinical files of patients who had undergone cholecystectomy, including 182 patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of XGC. Altogether, 1.46% of the cholecystectomies performed were done on patients with a diagnosis of XGC. XGC presented in patients over the age of 32, with a male/female ratio of 2:1. Thickening of the gallbladder wall, seen on ultrasonography and computed tomography scans, was demonstrated in 100% of the cases. A total of 17% of the cases presented in acute form. Obstructive jaundice was observed in 23% of the patients, 11 of which cases were associated with choledocholithiasis (30% of these patients had jaundice) and the rest with extrinsic obstruction of the bile tract (Mirizzi syndrome). XGC was associated with lithiasis in 85% of the cases. A malignant lesion was suspected during operation in 30% of the cases, requiring histopathologic examination during surgery. Carcinomatous lesions were found in 3% of the cases. Surgical difficulty was reported in 65% of the cases, resulting in the performance of partial cholecystectomy in 35%. XGC is an infrequent form of chronic inflammation of the gallbladder, the clinical presentation of which is similar to that of cholecystitis; given the thickening of the gallbladder wall, it makes cholecystectomy difficult. As XGC may resemble adenocarcinoma, differentiation is essential by means of intraoperative histologic examination to ensure optimal surgical treatment.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎与胆囊癌的鉴别诊断及术中决策

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎是一种少见类型的胆囊炎,发病机制尚未完全清楚。因其胆囊壁弥漫性不均匀增厚及向周围器官浸润等特点而与胆囊癌难以鉴别,其病史体征、肿瘤标记物及影像学特点均不典型,加之部分病例合并有胆囊癌,术前难以做出确定性诊断。术前和术中细针穿刺冰冻病理学检查的诊断率相对较高,对手术方式选择有重要参考意义。因腹腔镜胆囊切除术的术中中转开腹率及并发症发生率很高,故临床多选择开腹胆囊切除术,依术中所见及冰冻病理学检查结果选择恰当的术式。     

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??Differential diagnosis and management strategies of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma WANG Guang-yi, SUN Xiao-dong, QIU Wei.Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the First Bethune Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Corresponding author: WANG Guang-yi, E-mail??wgymd@
sina.com
Abstract Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare type of cholecystitis, and the etiopathogenesis of XGC is not fully understood. It is difficult to differentiate XGC from gallbladder carcinoma by symptoms, physical examination, laboratory tests, and radiographic findings because of uneven thickening gallbladder wall and severe adhesions with surrounding organs, especially in some cases associated with gallbladder carcinoma. Preoperative and intraoperative diagnosis rate is poor. Preoperative and intraoperative fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen pathology is important to the intraoperative surgical management. Because of a high conversion rate (laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy) and incidence of complications with laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open surgery is suggested. The appropriate surgical procedures should be performed according to intraoperative frozen pathology results.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（ＸＧＣ）的临床病理特征和诊断。方法对１９８６～１９９６年间从５８５例胆囊病理检查标本中检出的２０例（３．４％）ＸＧＣ作回顾性临床病理观察。结果２０例（男９例,女１１例）ＸＧＣ的临床表现类似一般的慢性胆囊炎或胆石病。手术所见：胆囊壁增厚伴广泛粘连而酷似癌。２０例临床全部误诊。镜下所见：多结节型１０例,局灶型７例,弥漫型３例。胆囊壁内均见典型的泡沫细胞肉芽肿或胆汁肉芽肿。结论ＸＧＣ临床诊断困难,确诊和与胆囊癌的鉴别主要靠病理检查。对可疑病例术中冰冻切片检查是必要的。对所有切除的胆囊都应送病理检查,以防漏诊或误诊。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊治分析

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿行胆囊炎（xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC）的诊治。方法回顾性分析4例XGC的临床资料并复习相关文献。结果术前影像学诊断均未能明确诊断,全部病例均术后病理确诊。手术方式：3例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除术、肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫,1例行胆囊床肝脏楔形切除术、肝十二指肠韧带淋巴结清扫及部分结肠肝曲切除术,4例病人均治愈。均获随访,平均时间39个月（7个月～6年）,患者健康状况良好,无局部复发及恶变情况。结论 XGC是一种较为少见的胆囊炎,术前诊断较为困难,容易误诊为胆囊癌,确诊依赖病理检查,手术切除是治疗的最佳方法。术中冰冻病理检查可指导手术方案的实施。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的诊疗特点

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis,XGC)的诊断与手术治疗特点。方法回顾性分析13例经病理确诊的XGC病人的临床资料。术前B超检查13例,CT检查5例,MRI检查3例,ERCP检查1例,术前均误诊。结果11例行术中冰冻切片病理检查,确诊9例。9例行胆囊切除术,1例行胆囊切除加胆总管探查T管引流术,1例行胆囊大部切除加十二指肠瘘修补术,2例行胆囊切除加胆囊床部肝组织切除。均治愈,无死亡病例。结论XGC是一种少见的特殊类型的慢性胆囊炎,术前诊断困难,确诊依赖病理检查,开腹胆囊切除是基本手术方式。     

Mirizzi syndrome caused by xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis: Report of a case

Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (XGC) is a rare inflammatory disease of the gallbladder. In severe cases, inflammation extends to adjacent structures, and XGC is sometimes confused with a malignant neoplasm. We recently diagnosed XGC as the preoperative cause of Mirizzi syndrome in a patient based on the clinical course. The patient was admitted because of obstructive jaundice, with gallbladder carcinoma as the suspected cause. The gallbladder was swollen with gallstones and the serum level of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was 3070 U/ml at admission. A percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage (PTCD) was done, and the common hepatic duct as well as the right and left hepatic ducts were found to be obstructed. Later, the CA19-9 level and swelling of the gallbladder decreased and the obstruction of the bile ducts disappeared. A cholecystectomy was performed and the intraoperative pathohistological diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis was made from frozen sections. The pathohistological diagnosis of XGC was made from paraffin-embedded sections. Mirizzi syndrome such as that seen in our patient is a rare complication of XGC. XGC occassionally causes extensive inflammation; thus, performing a conventional cholecystectomy can be unsafe. However, in our opinion, a total, not subtotal, cholecystectomy should be done whenever possible because the incidence of gallbladder carcinoma accompanied with XGC is higher than that with ordinary cholecystitis or gallstones.