含VHb基因和GFMcryIA基因的双价基因植物高效表达载体的构建

将人工合成的、密码子优化后的透明颤菌血红蛋白基因与人工合成的GFMcryIA基因构建成双价基因植物高效表达载体PGBI4ASVHBBt,vgbM基因表达盒中含2个增强子的35S启动子、Ω前导序列、Kozak序列、多联终止密码子及Nos终止子;Bt基因表达盒中,除含有以上提高转录和翻译的调控元件外,还包含有正确切割、加工序列、Poly(A)信号序列。利用根癌农杆菌介导转化烟草,获得了转基因植株;PCR及Southern blot检测,证实了双价基因在烟草基因组中的整合;Western blot检测证实了vgbM基因在转基因烟草中的表达;杀虫实验表明GFMcryIA基因也表达出活性毒蛋白。     

含融合杀虫基因和VHb基因双价表达载体的构建

目的：探索分子育种的新途径,获得高产多抗虫谱的转基因植物。方法：将密码子优化后的透明颤菌血红蛋白（vgbM）基因与融合杀虫基因（GFMcryIA＋CPTI）构建成双价基因植物高效表达载体pGBI4ABCVHB,基因表达盒中含2个增强子、35S启动子、Ω前导序列、Kozak序列、多联终止密码子及Nos终止子以及正确切割、加工序列、Poly（A）信号序列。结果：通过根癌农杆菌介导转化烟草,获得了转基因植株,结论：vgbM基因在转基因烟草中有效表达;融合杀虫基因也表达出活性毒蛋白。     

γ-氨基丁酸对烟草MAPK和ACS1基因表达的分叉调节

为探讨γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)在植物生长发育中的调控机理,以含有3种不同浓度的GABA的1/2MS培养基培养烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)品种‘SR1’种子,结果表明:低浓度GABA(1mmol/L)促进了烟草幼苗的生长,主根的长度比对照高30%,同时该浓度处理提高了MAPK基因的表达水平;较高浓度(10~100mmol/L)GABA抑制了主根的伸长,表现出乙烯反应的效应。在叶和根中,ACS1基因表达水平的提高受不同浓度GABA的调节。MAPK和ACS1基因对GABA信号的不同表达模式可能与不同的信号途径有关。     

紫稻(Oryza sativa L.)线粒体ATP酶atp9基因转录本RNA编辑

紫稻(Oryza sativa L.)细胞质雄性不育系是本实验室新构建的新型细胞质雄性不育系。本研究使用PCR、RT-PCR等技术,得到了紫稻不育系(樱香A)及其保持系(樱香B)线粒体atp9基因的基因组序列和cDNA序列。通过对这些序列的分析发现:樱香A atp9 cDNA序列中,没有发生RNA编辑;而樱香Batp9 cDNA序列中有2个编辑位点,在樱香B cDNA序列2个编辑位点中,223位点由C替换为T,导致原来编码精氨酸密码子成为终止密码子,保证atp9 mRNA编码一个"正常长度"的ATP9多肽。而由于没有终止密码子,樱香A mRNA就不能翻译成正常的多肽。上述研究表明,RNA编辑在生成正常的ATP9多肽的过程中发挥了重要作用,同时也说明RNA编辑可能与细胞质雄性不育相关。     

小麦TaPSG719基因启动子的分离及序列分析

TaPSG719基因是从小麦中分离的花粉特异性表达基因,其功能未知。克隆和分析该基因的启动子有助于研究该基因的功能,解析小麦花器官的发育调控机制。本研究根据已报道的TaPSG719基因cDNA序列为基础设计引物,经过两次反向PCR获得了该基因起始密码子上游1776bp的调控序列。应用PLACE和PlantCARE数据库系统对该序列进行分析研究,发现其具有启动子的基本元件TATA-box和CAAT-box、两种花粉特异性调控元件AGAAA和GTGA及光反应和激素响应元件。     

马铃薯X病毒外壳蛋白的表达水平与变偶密码子使用频率的相关性

把经密码子修饰的马铃薯X病毒（Potato Virus X, PVX）外壳蛋白（Coat Protein, CP）基因和未修饰的野生型外壳蛋白基因与CaMV 35S启动子融合后,构建成相应的植物表达载体,利用农杆菌介导转化烟草。分别对修饰CP和野生CP的转基因烟草进行Western blot和ELISA分析,结果表明经密码子修饰的PVX外壳蛋白的表达量是野生型蛋白表达量的1/3～1/5。Northern blot结果表明修饰和未修饰的外壳蛋白在转录水平上是一致的。以上结果暗示外源基因中稀有密码子的数量可能是限制外源基因表达的一个因素。改变基因中稀有密码子的数量有可能成为控制基因表达的一种有效途径。     

人工合成的纳豆激酶基因转化烟草的研究

根据植物偏爱密码子人工合成的纳豆激酶基因sNK和其中插入番茄果实特异表达基因E8第一内含子的纳豆激酶基因sNK-E8i,通过农杆菌侵染的方法转化到烟草NC89中。经PCR检测,得到12株转sNK基因烟草植株和10株转sNK-E8i基因烟草植株,初步证明目的基因已整合到烟草基因组中;RT-PCR检测有9株转sNK基因烟草植株和10株转sNK-E8i基因烟草植株为阳性;通过RT-qPCR将两种基因在烟草中的表达量进行比较,结果表明转sNK-E8i基因的植株中纳豆激酶的表达量比转sNK基因的植株中高;通过纤维蛋白平板法检测其活性,共有5株转sNK基因烟草植株和3株转sNK-E8i基因烟草植株检测到溶圈,说明目的基因在部分转基因烟草中可正常转录和翻译并表现出溶栓活性。经加代培养已得到T1代转基因植株。     

柚子(Citrus grandis Osbeck)S-like核酸酶基因CgSL1的分离与特征分析

从柚子(CitrusgrandisOsbeck)2个自交不亲和品种溪蜜柚和度尾蜜柚的花柱中克隆出一个类似S核酸酶基因CgSL1(C.grandisS-likeRNase),它的cDNA序列全长1074bp,编码297个氨基酸。通过与其它植物S-like核酸酶和S核酸酶氨基酸序列进行比较,发现CgSL1类似于S-like核酸酶,与拟南芥中的RNS2一致性为62.5%。对CgSL1的表达分析表明该基因在花柱、花药、叶片不同器官以及花柱的不同发育阶段均有表达,且在花柱中的表达随衰老增强,由此推测它可能与衰老有关。     

利用转基因标记NPTⅡ快速、规模化纯合转基因番茄

利用卡那霉素喷施方法对带有NPTⅡ标记基因和双价外源基因(烟草渗调蛋白基因AP24和菜豆几丁质酶基因Chi)的转基因番茄的3个世代在温室或田间环境进行规模化筛选,成功获得8个单拷贝转基因纯合植株。含有单个拷贝NPTⅡ标记基因的转基因株系后代,对卡那霉素的抗感分离符合3:1的孟德尔分离比例,T₂代中一些株系表现为对卡那霉素全抗,表明这些株系的外源基因已经纯合,这一结果在T₃代中进一步得到证实。但对于含有两个拷贝外源基因的转基因株系,外源基因的遗传则比较复杂。同时,结合Km喷施和多重PCR技术对外源基因的异常遗传进行了初步分析。用PCR分析进一步证实了该方法的准确性,该方法是对转基因番茄进行大规模、快速遗传分析的理想方法。     

表达多肽抗生素apidaecin的转基因烟草及其抗病性的初步分析

将多肽抗生素apidaecin基因与病程相关蛋白的信号肽序列融合,构建了apidaecin的分泌型植物表达载体、apidaecin与另一多肽抗生素Shiva\|I的双价分泌型植物表达载体,以本实验室原来构建的Shiva-I分泌型植物表达载体做对照,转化了模式植物烟草。对3种转基因植物进行了分子检测,转化再生苗95%为PCR阳性,Southern杂交结果进一步证明外源基因已经整合到了烟草基因组中,RT-PCR检测表明外源基因可以在转基因烟草内正常转录。对T0代转基因烟草进行烟草野火病的抗病性实验,从3种转基因烟草中都得到了抗病植株,病情指数分析的初步结果显示,双价转基因烟草抗病性最好,apidaecin的次之,Shiva-I的最差。     

转基因烟草中Bt毒蛋白基因的表达行为

Bt toxin genes were the insecticidal genes most widely used in genetic engineering of pest resistant plant, were of important significance to study their expression behavior in transgenic plants. In this work, a plant expression vector, pBinMoBc, was constructed. It contained the Cry IA(c) gene under control of chimeric OM promoter and the Ω factor. The vector was transferred into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plant via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. ELISA assay showed that the expression levels of the Cry IA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plants were significantly higher than that in wild-type tobacco plants. The highest could be up to 0.255% of total soluble proteins; the expression level of CryIA(c) gene in transgenic tobacco plant was changeable during the development stages of tobacco plant. Bioassay showed that pBinMoBc transgenic tobacco plants had more notable insecticidal activity than the wild-type tobacco plants. The above results indicated that pBinMoBc was an effective pest-resistent plant expression vector. This study would be very helpful in screening transgenic cotton with high resistance to cotton bollworm (Heliothis armigeva Hubner).     

短命植物东方旱麦草Rubisco大亚基基因(rbcL)的克隆及表达分析

利用PCR、DNA重组、原核与真核生物表达等技术从新疆短命植物东方旱麦草(Eremopyrum orientale)基因组中扩增出Rubisco大亚基基因rbcL(GenBank登录号为FJ346562),并构建了原核与真核表达载体pGEX4T-1-rbcL和pcDNA3-rbcL,随后分别在原核宿主BL21(DE3)和小鼠中进行了表达,并利用真核表达载体和纯化蛋白制备的抗体,对表达产物的特异性进行了Western印迹检测。结果表明:东方旱麦草的rbcL基因可读区包含1431 bp,与旱麦草rbcL基因的同源性达99.86%,推测编码476个氨基酸,分子量56 kD。该基因在BL21中以融合蛋白GST-RBCL形式表达并存在于包含体中,融合蛋白大小约为82 kD。RT-PCR检测到该基因在小鼠肝脏中的表达。利用真核表达载体与纯化融合蛋白进行联合免疫制备的RBCL抗体可与RBCL特异性地结合,这为短命植物东方旱麦草基因后续的免疫定位检测奠定了基础。     

Transgenic Tobacco Plants with a Fully Synthesized GFM CryIA Gene Provide Effective Tobacco Bollworm (Heliothis armigera) Control

GFM CrylA gene is a fully modified synthetic gene derived from insecticidal crystal prorein gene of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt). It was synthesized based on the codon usage of plant genes instead of changing the primary sequences of amino acids of insecticidal crystal protein (ICP) gene of Bacillus thuringiensis Htibner. To test the function of the synthetic GFM CrylA gene, we introduced the GFM CrylA gene into tobacco plant cells via an Agrobacterium tumefacieus (Smith et Townsedn) Conn binary vector system. As expected, the GFM CrylA gene is expressed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and allows efficient production of lepidopteran insectspecific toxic proteins in the transformed tobacco plants. Bioassays using transgenic tobacco plants with tobacco bollworm showed that the transgenic tobacco plants expressing proteins of GFM CrylA gene had effective control to tobacco bollworm. In this paper the authors firstly report the complete synthesis of GFM CryIA gene and the construction of plant expression vector pGBI4AB. The authors performed introduction of the synthetic GFM CrylA gene into the tobacco plants, and the integration of GFM CrylA gene into tobacco genome was confirmed by Southern blot analysis of the tobacco genomic DNA. The gene was efficiently expressed in the transgenic tobacco plants and effective tobacco bollworm control was verified by the insect-bioassays.     

苏云金杆菌抗虫基因cryIAc转化辣椒的研究

通过农杆菌介导法将杀虫结晶蛋白基因cryIAc导入到辣椒子叶外植体中,经卡那霉素筛选、组织化学法检测GUS活性以及PCR、Southern杂交分析证实cryIAc基因已整合进辣椒核基因组中。     

HrpN基因在毕赤酵母中的克隆表达与活性检测

将hrpN基因插入毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC6αA的醇氧化酶(AOX1)启动子下游,构建重组表达载体pPIC6αA-hrpN,经电击转化毕赤酵母菌株X-33和杀稻瘟素筛选,得到高效分泌表达harpinEa的毕赤酵母菌株。经初步纯化、SDS-PAGE分析和生物测定,结果显示,诱导96h的此重组菌大量表达harpinEa,表达产物具有诱导烟草超敏感反应的功能,活性高于在大肠杆菌中表达的harpinEa。     

转拟南芥AtKup1基因高含钾量烟草获得

提取拟南芥幼根总RNA,进行RTPCR逆转录,产物测序,将其构建到含Km(带内含子)筛选标记的植物双元表达载体上,根癌农杆菌介导法将AtKup1基因导入烟草,对转化子进行PCR扩增、GUS染色、Southern杂交和AtKup1基因mRNA荧光定量PCR分析,并进行烟叶内在成分化验分析。PCR获得2100bp左右扩增产物,测序结果证实扩增产物序列与拟南芥AtKup1基因(GenbankNo:AF029876)一致;得到GUS染色阳性的AtKup1基因转化烟草材料29株。经PCR扩增、分子杂交检测证实AtKup1基因已整合到转基因烟草的基因组,荧光定量PCR分析可以在幼根中检测到AtKup1基因的mRNA转录。烟叶含钾量化验结果表明导入的AtKup1基因在转化材料中成功表达,使烟叶含钾量提高约45%。     

转双抗虫基因烟草的研究

用改造的雪花莲凝集素基因GNAmm与合成的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bt)毒蛋白cry1Ac基因构建了带有双价基因的植物表达载体,在该表达载体中这两个基因的转录分别受笋瓜PP2启动子(SPP2P)和CaMV 35S启动子的调控。通过根癌土壤杆菌介导转化法,获得了一批抗卡那霉素的转化再生烟草植株。PCR检测及基因组DNA Southern blot\,Slot blot杂交分析的结果表明Gna基因和Bt基因已整合到烟草总DNA中。用Bt毒蛋白抗血清进行Western blot分析,转基因植株均有Bt杀虫蛋白的不同程度的表达。对转化再生烟草的虫试结果表明,在所受试的19株烟草中60%的植株上的棉铃虫在5天内死亡率达到100%,而且存活幼虫的生长发育受到明显抑制;蚜虫抑制生长试验表明,多数转化再生植株具有较强的抗蚜活性,平均能够抑制桃蚜50%～60%的蚜口密度,有的高达80%以上。以上结果表明利用这两个改造过的抗虫基因可以获得既抗虫又耐蚜的转双抗虫转基因植物。     

Expression of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 protein in transgenic tobacco plants

To develop a plant expression system for the production of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) vaccine, we investigated whether the HPV16 L1 protein can be expressed in tobacco plants and whether it can be used as the cheapest form of edible vaccine. The HPV16 L1 coding sequence was amplified by PCR using specific primers from the plasmid pGEM-T-HPV16 containing the template sequence, and subcloned into the intermediate vector pUCmT and binary vector pBI121 consecutively to obtain the plant expression plasmid pBI-L1. The T-DNA regions of the pBI-L1 binary vector contained the constitutive Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the neomycin phosphotransferase npt Ⅱ gene, which allowed the selection of transformed plants using kanamycin. The tobacco plants were transformed by cocultivating them, using the leaf disc method, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404, which harbored the plant expression plasmid. The regenerated transgenic tobacco plants were selected using kanamycin, and confirmed by PCR. The results of the Southern blot assay also showed that the HPV16 L1 gene was integrated stably into the genome of the transformed tobacco plants. The Western blot analysis showed that the transformed tobacco leaves could express the HPV 16 L1 protein. Furthermore, it was demonstrated by ELISA assay that the expressed protein accounted for 0.034%-0.076% of the total soluble leaf protein, was able to form 55nm virus-like particles compatible with HPV virus-like particle (VLP), and induced mouse erythrocyte hemagglutination in vitro. The present results indicate that the HPV 16 L1 protein can be expressed in transgenic tobacco plants and the expressed protein possesses the natural features of the HPV16 L1 protein, implying that the HPV16 L1 transgenic plants can be potentially used as an edible vaccine.     

牡山羊草Aegilops juvenalis Puroindoline b基因的克隆

Puroindoline a(Pina)和puroindoline b(Pinb)是控制小麦籽粒硬度的主效基因。根据已报道的小麦Pinb基因的保守序列,设计合成了一对特异性引物,对六倍体牡山羊草Aegilops juvenalis(UUMMDD)的基因组DNA和胚乳cDNA进行Pinb基因扩增、克隆和序列测定,发现了两个新型Pinb等位基因Pinb-allele-1和Pinb-allele-2。该基因全长360 bp,编码119个氨基酸残基。它编码的蛋白和麦类作物Puroindoline B(PinB)的成熟蛋白有非常高的同源性,具有麦类作物PinB蛋白所特有的WPTKWWK的色氨酸结构域和10个半胱氨酸所形成的5个二硫键结构。与软粒小麦cv.Capitole的Pinb-D1a相比较,其核苷酸同源性为93.1%、93.3%,氨基酸同源性为90.8%、92.4%。Pinb-allele-1和Pinb-allele-2分别含有11和9个氨基酸变异位点。RT-PCR证实了Pinb-allele-2基因在籽粒胚乳中的表达。Southern Blot分析结果表明,牡山羊草中含有两个拷贝的Pinb基因,其中包含着与小麦差异较大的籽粒硬度控制基因。